chapter 2 Communication and International Communication 大学英语跨文化交际 教学课件PPT文件格式下载.pptx

chapter 2 Communication and International Communication 大学英语跨文化交际 教学课件PPT文件格式下载.pptx

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,Chapter3Communication,1.Toknowdifferentdefinitionsandcomponentsofcommunication2.Toknowtherelationshipbetweencultureandcommunication3.Toknowthedefinitionandthefourformsofinterculturalcommunication.,ChapterOutline,CommunicationandInterculturalCommunication,Communication,CultureandCommunication,InterculturalCommunication,CommunicationDefined,ComponentsofCommunication,InterculturalCommunicationDefined,FormsofInterculturalCommunication,CharacteristicsofCommunication,Dynamic,Systemic,Symbolic,Irreversible,Transactional,Self-reflective,Contextual,Lead-inCase:

SheHasThreeHands,Readthecaseandretellthestory.aChinesedoctor,apatientandaphysiotherapist“Whotookmypeanutbutter?

”TheChinesewomanfeltaccused.Thepatientfeltpainandcried“ouch!

”,“Oh,Ididntdothat,”saidthephysiotherapist.“Itwasthatdoctoroverthere,”andhepointedtotheChinesewoman.“Howcouldshehavedoneitsinceshesontheothersideoftheroom?

”thepatientpointedout.“Ah,shehasthreehands.”thephysiotherapistreplied.angry,ThedefinitionofcommunicationComponentsofcommunication,Chapter3Communication,TextACommunication,COMMUNICATION,CommunicationisderivedfromtheLatinwordcommunicare,meaningtosharewithortomakecommon,sowhenwecommunicate.weshareourthoughts,hopes,andknowledgewithothers.,WesternPerspectiveofcommunicationEasternperspectiveofcommunication,1.Thedefinitionofcommunication,Chapter3Communication,Inwesterncultures,communicationisstudiedasthe,meansoftransmittingideas.Westernculturesemphasizetheinstrumentalfunctionofcommunication;

thatis,effectivenessisevaluatedintermsofsuccessinthemanipulationofotherstoachieveonespersonalgoal.,WesternPerspectiveofcommuChnapitecr3aCtoimomnunication（西方人的观点）,Easternperspectiveofcommunication（东方人的观点）,DefinitionsofcommunicationfrommanyAsiancountriesstressharmony,whichismostnotableincultureswithaConfuciantradition.Easternculturesunderstandingwoulddefinecommunicationasaprocesswhereallpartiesaresearchingtodevelopandmaintainasocialrelationship.,Chapter3Communication,2.Componentsofcommunication,Chapter3Communication,THECOMMUNICATIONPROCESS,sender,encoding,context,receiver,decoding,feedback,chanel,message,noise,Whatarethecomponentsofcommunication,2.Componentsofcommunication,Chapter3Communication,Sender/Source（信息源）Asender/sourceisthepersonwhotransmitsaMmeessssaaggee.（信息）Amessageisanysignalthattriggerstheresponseofareceiver.Encoding（编码）Encodingreferstotheactivityduringwhichthesendermustchoosecertainwordsornonverbalmethodstosendanintentionalmessage.Channel/Medium（渠道）Channel/Mediumisthemethodusedtodeliveramessage.,Receiver（信息接收者）,Areceiverisanypersonwhonoticesandgivessomemeaningtoamessage.Decoding（解码）Decodingistheactivityduringwhichthereceiverattachesmeaningtothewordsorsymbolshe/shehasreceived.Feedback（反馈）Theresponseofareceivertoasendersmessageiscalledfeedback.,Noise（干扰）Noiseisatermusedforfactorsthatinterferewiththeexchangeofmessages,includingexternalnoise，physiologicalnoise,psychologicalnoiseandsemanticnoise.Noiseisinevitable.Context（情境）Thesettingorsituationiscalledacontext.,Noise（干扰）,ExternalNoiseSoundsthatdistractcommunicators:

voicesinthenextroom;

annoyingringofsomeonescellphoneinameeting;

etc.Othertypesofexternalnoisethatdontinvolvesound:

anovercrowdedroomorasmellycigarPhysiologicalNoiseillnessesanddisabilitiesPsychologicalNoiseforceswiththesenderorreceiverthatinterferewithunderstanding:

egotism;

hostility;

preoccupation;

fear;

etc.SemanticNoisecausedbyusingdifferentlanguages;

theuseofjargon;

differentunderstandingofthemessagedelivered;

etc.,PleasematcheachkindofnoiseinColumnAwithoneoftheexamplesconcerningnoiseinColumnB.,Context（情境）,ThePhysicalContexttheactuallocationoftheinteractantsTheSocialContextthewidelysharedexpectationspeoplehaveaboutthekindsofinteractionsthatnormallyshouldoccurindifferentkindsofsocialevents.（4）TheInterpersonalContexttheexpectationspeoplehaveaboutthebehaviorsofothersasaresultofdifferencesintherelationshipsbetweenthem,THECOMMUNICATIONPROCESS,Chapter3Communication,PictureAnalysisWhatarethecomponentsofcommunicationreflectedinthefollowingpicture?

CONTEXTUAL,SYSTEMATIC,TRANSACTIONAL,SELF-REFLECTIVE,SYMBOLIC,IRREVERSIBLE,DYNAMIC,COMMUNICATIONIS,TextB,CharacteristicsofCommunication,Pre-readingTask:

Teacher:

Whocanguesswhatitisasmallanimalwithfourlegsthatpeopleoftenkeepasapetandcancatchmiceeasily?

Communicationisdynamic（动态的）,Communicationisanongoingactivity.Itisnotfixed.Awordoractiondoesnotstayfrozenwhenyoucommunicate;

itisimmediatelyreplacedwithyetanotherwordoraction.,b.Communicationissystematic（系统性的）,Communicationdoesnotoccurinisolationorinavacuum,butratherispartofalargersystem.Wesendandreceivemessagesnotinisolation,butinaspecificsetting.Settingandenvironmenthelpdeterminethewordsandactionswegenerate.Dress,language,topicselection,andthelikearealladaptedtocontext.,c.Communicationissymbolic（符号性的）,Symbolsarecentraltothecommunicatioprocessbecausetheyrepresentthesharedmeaningsthatarecommunicated.Asymbolisaword,action,orobjectthatstandsfororepresentsaunitofmeaning.Peoplesbehaviorsarefrequentlyinterpretedsymbolically,asanexternalrepresentationoffeelings,emotions,andinternalstates.,d.Communicationisirreversible,（不可逆转的）Communicationisanirreversibleprocess.Wecanneverundowhathasalreadybeendone.Althoughwemaytrytoqualify,negate,orsomehowreducetheeffectsofourmessage,onceithasbeensentandreceived,themessageitselfcannotbereversed.,e.Communicationistransactional,（交互式的）Atransactionalviewholdsthatcommunicatorsaresimultaneouslysendingandreceivingmessagesateveryinstantthattheyareinvolvedinconversations.,f.Communicationisself-reflective（自省的）,Humanbeingshaveauniqueabilitytothinkaboutthemselves,towatchhowtheydefinetheworld,andtoreflectontheirpast,present,andfuture.,g.Communicationiscontextual,（情境的）Allcommunicationtakesplacewithinasettingorsituationcalledacontext.Bycontext,wemeantheplacewherepeoplemeet,thesocialpurposeforbeingtogether,andthenatureoftherelationship.Thusthecontextincludesthephysical,social,andinterpersonalsettings.,TextC,ACTIVITY:

GESTURES/FACIALEXPRESSIONSAREDETERMINEDBYCULTURE,Therelationshipbetweencommunicationandculture:

Communicationandculturearetwosynonymoustermsandtheyareinseparable.Cultureislearned,actedout,transmitted,andpreservedthroughcommunication.Cultureinherentlycontaincommunicationsystems.,Therelationshipbetweencultureandcommunicationiscomparedtotherelationshipbetweenamapandajourney.Howdoyouunderstandandinterpretthissimile?

Answer:

Culturesareboththemapsofaplace（therulesandconventions）andthejourneysthattakeplacethere（actualpractices）.,Thewaycultureaffectscommunicationstyle:

Eachcultureencouragesaparticularcommunicationstyleexpectedwithinit.Thisimpliesnotonlyusingcorrectsymbols,butalsoapplyingtheappropriatecommunicationstylefortheoccasion.Communicationstylesincludemannerisms,phrases,ritualsandcommunicationcustomsappropriateforvarioussituationsinaculture.Areaslikeloudness,pitch,rate,andcertainstancesandgesturescharacterizecommunicationbehaviors.Aspecificcultureexpectsan“ideal”communicationstyle.,TextD,InterculturalcommunicationdefinedInterculturalcommunicationreferstocommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionandsymbolsystemaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.,FormsofInterculturalcommunication,InternationalCommunicationInterethnicCommunicationInterracialCommunicationintraculturalCommunication,Internationalcommunication,Internationalcommunicationtakesplacebetweennationsandgovernmentsratherthanindividuals;

itisquiteformalandritualized（仪式化）.,UnitedNationsConference,Interethniccommunication,Interethniccommunicationreferstocommunicationbetweenpeopleofthesameracebutdifferentethnicbackgrounds.,Interracialcommunication,Interracialcommunicationoccurswhenthesenderandthereceiverexchangingmessagesarefromdifferentraces.,Intraculturalcommunication,itisdefinedascommunicationbetweenoramongmembersofthesameculture.,Case-analysis:

WhyDontYouEatThePizza?

Answerthefollowingquestions:

（1）WhydidnotVernoneatthepizza?

（2）HowwouldyouhelptoexplainVernonsbehaviors?

（3）Whichformofinterculturalcommunicationdoestheircommunicationbelongto?

Case-analysis:

Thiscasecanreflecttheproblemsappearingduringinterculturalcommunication.Culturecangreatlyinfluencepeoplesbelief,value,normandsocialpractice.Ignoringculturaldifferencescanaffectcommunicationandcauseproblems.InMalaysia,wheremostpeopleareMuslims,peoplethinkthelefthandisusedonlyforcleaningthebodyandthusitisdirtyandcannotbeused