完整版英语国家概况答案.docx

完整版英语国家概况答案.docx

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完整版英语国家概况答案

英语作业答案

Unit1

Ⅰ.ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.

1.TheislandofGreatBritainisgeographicallydividedintothreeparts:

England,ScotlandandWales.（T）英伦三岛包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

2.PeopleindifferentpartsofBritainliketousethenameEnglandtorefertotheircountry.（F）British

3.TodaymorethanhalfofthepeopleinWalesstillspeaktheancientWelshlanguage.（F）

4.Intermsofpopulationandarea，NorthernIrelandisthesecondlargestpartoftheUnitedKingdom.（F）英格兰是面积最大，人口最多的

5.ThelongestriverofBritainoriginatesinWales.（T）TheRiverSevern:

赛文河

6.Becauseofpoliticaltroubles，NorthernIrelandhasbeenquitesignificantamongthefourconstituentpartsoftheUnitedKingdom.（T）

Ⅱ.Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements.

1.ThetwomainislandsoftheBritishIslesare.

不列颠群岛是由两个大岛组成的：

不列颠和爱尔兰

A.GreatBritainandIrelandB.GreatBritainandScotland

C.GreatBritainandWalesD.GreatBritainandEngland

2.isthecapitalcityofScotland.

A.BelfastB.EdinburghC.AberdeenD.Cardiff

3.AmongthefourpartsoftheUnitedKingdom，isthesmallest.

A.EnglandB.Scotland

C.WalesD.NorthernIreland

4.TheintroductionofChristianitytoBritainaddedthefirstelementofwordstoEnglish.

A.DanishandFinnishB.DutchandGerman

C.FrenchandItalianD.LatinandGreek

5.TheevolutionofMiddleEnglishwasreinforcedbytheinfluence.

A.NormanB.DutchC.GermanD.Danish

6.SamuelJohnson’sdictionarywasinfluentialinestablishingastandardformof.

A.grammarB.handwriting

C.spellingD.pronunciation

7.Atpresent,nearlyoftheworld’spopulationcommunicateinEnglish.

A.halfB.aquarter

C.OnethirdD.onefifth

III.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions·

1.WhatisthefullnameoftheU.K.?

ThefullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland

2.WhydotouristsfromallovertheworldliketogotoScotland?

TheyliketoenjoythebeautifulScottishscenery,todrinkScotchwhiskyandtoseeScotsmanwearingkiltsandplayingbagpipes.

3.HowmanyperiodscanthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagebedividedintoandwhatarethey?

ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagecanbedividedintothreeperiods:

OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.

4.WhydidEnglishbecomemoreimportantaftertheBlackDeath（黑死病）?

ThelaboringandmerchantclassesgrewineconomicandsocialimportanceaftertheBlackDeath,soEnglishalsogrewinimportancecomparedtoFrench.

Ⅳ.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestionsinabout100words.

1.whoareBritishpeople?

ThefirstknowninhabitantsinBritainwereCeltswhoaretheancestorsofwelsh,ScottishandIrishpeople.ThencametheAnglos,theSaxonsandtheJuteswhobroughtwiththemEnglishlanguage.ManypeoplefromotherEuropeancountriescamelater,andinmoderntimestherearealotsofimmigrantsfrommanyformerCommonwealth（共和国）countriesfromeverypartoftheworld,andtheBritishpeoplearealsocomposedofpeoplefromdifferentethnicandculturalbackgrounds.

2.WhatisStandardEnglish?

StandardEnglishisbasedonthespeechoftheupperclassofthesoutheasternEngland;itiswidelyusedinmediaandtaughtatschools.Itispreferredbytheeducated,middle-classpeople.IshasdevelopedandhasbeenpromotedasamodelforthecorrectBritishEnglish.Itisalsothenorm（标准）carriedoverseas.Today,StandardEnglishiscodifiedtotheextentthatthegrammarandvocabularyaremuchthesameeverywhereintheworldwhereEnglishistaughtandused.

Unit2

I.ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.

1.TheBritishhistorybefore55BCisbasicallyundocumented.（T）

2.TheCeltsbecamethedominantgroupinBritainbetweenthe8thand5thcenturiesBC.（T）

3.ThenameofBritaincamefromaCeltictribe—theBritons.（T）

4.TheAnglo—SaxonscametoBritaininthemid-5thcentury.（T）（不考）

5.ThechieforkingoftheAnglo-Saxontribesexercisedpowerattheirownwill.（F）

6.TheVikingsbegantoattacktheEnglishcoastinthe8thcentury.（T）

7.HenryIIbuiltupalargeempirewhichincludedEnglandandmostofFrance（T）

8.TheMagnaCartawasdesignedtoprotecttherightsofboththeprivilegedclassandthetownspeople.（F）

9.TheHundredYears’WarwasaseriesofwarsfoughtbetweenEnglandandNormansfortradeandterritory.（F）

10.inanefforttomakeacompromisebetweendifferentreligiousfactions，QueenElizabethIactuallydefendedthefruitoftheReligiousReformation.（T）

Ⅱ.Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements.

1．TheattackonRomeendedtheRomanoccupationinBritainin410．

A．NormanB．Danish

C．CelticD．Germanic

2．Bythelate7thcentury，becamethedominantreligioninEngland．

A．CelticChristianityB．Anglo-SaxonChristianity

C．GermanicChristianityD．RomanChristianity

3．WestminsterAbbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）wasbuiltatthetimeof.

A．St．AugustineB．EdwardtheConfessor（忏悔者爱德华）

C．WilliamtheConquerorD．AlfredtheGreat

4．Themarkedtheestablishmentoffeudalism（封建制度）inEngland．

A．VikinginvasionB．signingoftheMagnaCarta

C．NormanConquestD．Adoptionofcommonlaw

5．TheendoftheWarsoftheRosesledtotheruleof.

A．theHouseofValoisB．theHouseofYork

C．theHouseofTudor（都铎楼）D．theHouseofLancaster

出身于族徽为红玫瑰的兰开斯特家族的亨利·都铎结束了玫瑰战争，登上了英国王位，称亨利七世

6．ThedirectcausefortheReligiousReformationwasKingHenryVIII’Seffortto.

A．divorcehiswifeB．breakwithRome

C．supporttheProtestantsD．declarehissupremepoweroverthechurch

7.TheEnglishCivilWarbrokeoutin1642between.

A．ProtestantsandPuritansB．RoyalistsandParliamentarians

C．noblesandpeasantsD．aristocratsandChristians

8．waspassedaftertheGloriousRevolution（光荣革命）．

A．BillofRightsB．ActofSupremacy

C．ProvisionsofOxfordD．MagnaCarta

9.TheIndustrialRevolutionwasaccomplishedinBritainbythemiddleofthecentury．

A．17thB．18thC．19thD．20th

10．Britainfacedstrongchallengesinitsglobalimperialdominancebythebeginningofthecentury．

A．17thB．18thC．19thD．20th

III.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.

1.WhatarethetwocomponentsoftheBritishparliament?

2.WhatweresomeofQueenVictoria’smajorachievements?

3.WhatwerethetwocampsinEuropeinWorldWarⅠ?

4.WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWarⅡ?

Answers:

1.TheyaretheHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.

2.QueenVictoriamadetremendousachievementsinalmosteveryaspect.Shepromotedfurtherindustrialrevolution,thebuildingofrailwaysandthegrowingoftradeandcommerce.Bytheendofherreign,Britainhaddevelopedtoanempireincludingaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.

3.TheCentralPowerswhichincludedGermany,Austria-Hungary,theOttomanEmpireandBulgariaandtheAlliedPowerswhichweremainlycomprisedofFrance,theRussianEmpire,theBritishEmpire,ItalyandtheUnitedStates.

4.BecausetheywerealliedduringthewarandsharedthesameworriesabouttheformerSovietUnion.

Ⅳ.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.

1.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain?

2.TheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire?

Answers:

1.TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,industrialproductivityincreaseddramatically.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryandalsothefinancialcenterintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Manynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesintheclassstructure.Theoldsocialclassesdeclined,andnewonesemergedanddeveloped.Theconflictbetweenthecapitalistsandtheproletariansbecamethemostimportantpoliticalissue.

2.ColonizationofNewfoundland,thefirstBritishcolonyoverseas,in1583markedthebeginningoftheBritishEmpire.By1837,BritainhadlongbeenanempirewhichincludedthecoloniesinCanada,Australia,NewZealand,IndiaandmanysmallstatesintheWestIndies.Bytheendofthe19thcentury,theBritishEmpireincludedaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.Duringthemid-19thcentury,theBritishgovernmentconsolidatedtheexistingcoloniesbybringingthemunderthedirectcontrolofthegovernment.BeforeWorldWarⅠ,Britainhadthelargestcolonialempireintheworld.However,BritainsufferedgreatlosstoitsmanpowerinthetwoWorldWarsandexhausteditsreservesofgold,dollarsandoverseasinvestment.MostofBritain’scoloniesgainedindependencesincethe1940s,whichinevitablyledtothefalloftheEmpire.

Unit4PoliticsandGovernmentofUK

I．ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse．

1．Conventions（党代会）areregardedlessimportantthancommonlawintheworkingoftheBritishgovernment．F

2．TheBritishmonarchyhasneverbeeninterruptedthroughoutthehistory．F

3．Inreality，theBritishKingorQueenisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers．F

4．BritishParliamentisthelaw-makingbodyoftheCommonwealthofNations（英联邦国家）．F

5．LordsSpiritual（上议院神职议员）andLordsTemporal（上议院世俗议员）areallmembersintheBritishUpperHouse（上议院）.T

6．ThemembersintheHouseofCommons（下议院）areappointedratherthanelected．F

上议院是指派的，下议院是选举的。

7．TheBritishPrimeMinisteristheleaderofthemajoritypartyinParliament．T

8．Cabinetmembers（内阁阁员）arechosenbythePrimeMinisterfromvariouspoliticalpartiesinParliament．F

CabinetmembersarechosenbythePrimeMinisterfrommembersofthewinningpoliticalpartiesinParliament

9．Britishlawconsistsoftwoparts,th