112个月宝宝生长发育.docx

112个月宝宝生长发育.docx

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112个月宝宝生长发育

GrossMotor

FineMotor

Language/

Cognitive

Social

1month

Movesheadfromsidetosidewhenonstomach

Stronggrip

Staresathandsandfingers

Tracksmovementwitheyes

2months

Holdsheadandneckupbrieflywhileontummy

Opensandcloseshands

Beginstoplaywithfingers

Smilesresponsively

3months

Reachesandgrabsatobjects

Gripsobjectsinhands

Coos

Imitatesyouwhenyoustickoutyourtongue

4months

Pushesuponarmswhenlyingontummy

Grabsobjects--andgetsthem!

Laughsoutloud

Enjoysplayandmaycrywhenplayingstops

5months

Beginstorolloverinoneortheotherdirection

Islearningtotransferobjectsfromonehandtotheother

Blows“raspberries”（spitbubbles）

Reachesformommyordaddyandcriesifthey’reoutofsight

6months

Rollsoverbothways

Useshandsto“rake”smallobjects

Babbles

Recognizesfamiliarfaces--caregiversandfriendsaswellasfamily

7months

Movesaround--isstartingtocrawl,scoot,or“armycrawl”

Islearningtousethumbandfingers

Babblesinamorecomplexway

Respondstootherpeople’sexpressionsofemotion

8months

Sitswellwithoutsupport

Beginstoclaphands

Respondstofamiliarwords,lookswhenyousayhisname

Playsinteractivegameslikepeekaboo

9months

Maytrytoclimb/crawlupstairs

Usesthepincergrasp

Learnsobjectpermanence--thatsomethingexistsevenifhecan’tseeit

Isattheheightofstrangeranxiety

10months

Pullsuptostand

Stacksandsortstoys

Wavesbye-byeand/orliftsuparmstocommunicate“up”

Learnstounderstandcauseandeffect（“Icry,Mommycomes”）

11months

Cruises,usingfurniture

Turnspageswhileyouread

Says“mama”or“dada”foreitherparent

Usesmealtimegames（droppingspoon,pushingfoodaway）totestyourreaction;expressesfoodpreferences

12months

Standsunaidedandmaytakefirststeps

Helpswhilegettingdressed（pusheshandsintosleeves）

Saysanaverageof2-3words（often“mama”and“dada”）

Playsimitativegamessuchaspretendingtousethephone

DevelopmentalMilestones

Whenwetalkaboutnormaldevelopment,wearetalkingaboutdevelopingskillslike:

oGrossmotor:

 usinglargegroupsofmusclestosit,stand,walk,run,etc.,keepingbalance,andchangingpositions.

oFinemotor:

 usinghandstobeabletoeat,draw,dress,play,write,anddomanyotherthings.

oLanguage:

 speaking,usingbodylanguageandgestures,communicating,andunderstandingwhatotherssay.

oCognitive:

  Thinkingskills:

 includinglearning,understanding,problem-solving,reasoning,andremembering.

oSocial:

  Interactingwithothers,havingrelationshipswithfamily,friends,andteachers,cooperating,andrespondingtothefeelingsofothers.

目录

1Month2

3Months3

7Months4

12Months6

By18monthsofagedoesyourchild:

7

By2yearsofagedoesyourchild:

8

2YearOlds9

By3yearsofagedoesyourchild:

10

By4yearsofagedoesyourchild:

12

3to4YearOlds13

4to5YearOlds15

http:

//www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/devmile.htm

1Month 

Whataresomeofthedevelopmentalmilestonesmychildshouldreachbyonemonthofage?

Intheverybeginning,itmayseemthatyourbabydoesnothingbuteat,sleep,cry,andfillhisdiapers.Bytheendofthefirstmonth,he’llbemuchmorealertandresponsive.Graduallyhe’llbeginmovinghisbodymoresmoothlyandwithmuchgreatercoordination—especiallyingettinghishandtohismouth.You’llrealizethathelistenswhenyouspeak,watchesyouasyouholdhim,andoccasionallymoveshisownbodytorespondtoyouorattractyourattention.

Herearesomeothermilestonestolookfor.

MovementMilestones

∙Makesjerky,quiveringarmthrusts

∙Bringshandswithinrangeofeyesandmouth

∙Movesheadfromsidetosidewhilelyingonstomach

∙Headflopsbackwardifunsupported

∙Keepshandsintightfists

∙Strongreflexmovements

VisualandHearingMilestones

∙Focuses8to12inches（20.3to30.4cm）away

∙Eyeswanderandoccasionallycross

∙Prefersblack-and-whiteorhigh-contrastpatterns

∙Prefersthehumanfacetoallotherpatterns

∙Hearingisfullymature

∙Recognizessomesounds

∙Mayturntowardfamiliarsoundsandvoices

SmellandTouchMilestones

∙Preferssweetsmells

∙Avoidsbitteroracidicsmells

∙Recognizesthescentofhisownmother’sbreastmilk

∙Preferssofttocoarsesensations

∙Dislikesroughorabrupthandling

DevelopmentalHealthWatch

If,duringthesecond,third,orfourthweeksofyourbaby’slife,sheshowsanyofthefollowingsignsofdevelopmentaldelay,notifyyourpediatrician.

∙Suckspoorlyandfeedsslowly

∙Doesn’tblinkwhenshownabrightlight

∙Doesn’tfocusandfollowanearbyobjectmovingsidetoside

∙Rarelymovesarmsandlegs;seemsstiff

∙Seemsexcessivelylooseinthelimbs,orfloppy

∙Lowerjawtremblesconstantly,evenwhennotcryingorexcited

∙Doesn’trespondtoloudsounds

3Months 

Whataresomeofthedevelopmentalmilestonesmychildshouldreachbythreemonthsofage?

Bythetimeyourbabyisthreemonthsofage,shewillhavemadeadramatictransformationfromatotallydependentnewborntoanactiveandresponsiveinfant.She’lllosemanyofhernewbornreflexeswhileacquiringmorevoluntarycontrolofherbody.You’llfindherspendinghoursinspectingherhandsandwatchingtheirmovements.

Herearesomeothermilestonestolookfor.

MovementMilestones

∙Raisesheadandchestwhenlyingonstomach

∙Supportsupperbodywitharmswhenlyingonstomach

∙Stretcheslegsoutandkickswhenlyingonstomachorback

∙Opensandshutshands

∙Pushesdownonlegswhenfeetareplacedonafirmsurface

∙Bringshandtomouth

∙Takesswipesatdanglingobjectswithhands

∙Graspsandshakeshandtoys

VisualandHearingMilestones

∙Watchesfacesintently

∙Followsmovingobjects

∙Recognizesfamiliarobjectsandpeopleatadistance

∙Startsusinghandsandeyesincoordination

∙Smiles atthesoundofyourvoice

∙Beginstobabble

∙Beginstoimitatesome sounds

∙Turnsheadtowarddirectionofsound

SocialandEmotionalMilestones

∙Beginstodevelopasocialsmile

∙Enjoysplayingwithotherpeopleandmaycrywhenplayingstops

∙Becomesmore communicative andexpressivewithfaceandbody

∙Imitatessomemovementsandfacialexpressions

DevelopmentalHealthWatch

Althougheachbabydevelopsinherownindividualwayandatherownrate,failuretoreachcertainmilestonesmaysignalmedicalordevelopmentalproblemsrequiringspecialattention.Ifyounoticeanyofthefollowingwarningsignsinyourinfantatthisage,discussthemwithyourpediatrician.

∙Doesn’tseemtorespondtoloudsounds

∙Doesn’tnoticeherhandsbytwomonths

∙Doesn’tsmileatthesoundofyourvoicebytwomonths

∙Doesn’tfollowmovingobjectswithhereyesbytwotothreemonths

∙Doesn’tgraspandholdobjectsbythreemonths

∙Doesn’tsmileatpeoplebythreemonths

∙Cannotsupportherheadwellatthreemonths

∙Doesn’treachforandgrasptoysbythreetofourmonths

∙Doesn’tbabblebythreetofourmonths

∙Doesn’tbringobjectstohermouthbyfourmonths

∙Beginsbabbling,butdoesn’ttrytoimitateanyofyoursoundsbyfourmonths

∙Doesn’tpushdownwithherlegswhenherfeetareplacedonafirmsurfacebyfourmonths

∙Hastroublemovingoneorbotheyesinalldirections

∙Crosseshereyesmostofthetime（Occasionalcrossingoftheeyesisnormalinthesefirstmonths.）

∙Doesn’tpayattentiontonewfaces,orseemsveryfrightenedbynewfacesorsurroundings

∙Stillhasthetonicneckreflexatfourtofivemonths

7Months

Whataresomeofthedevelopmentalmilestonesmychildshouldreachbysevenmonthsofage?

Fromagefourtosevenmonths,themostimportantchangestakeplacewithinyourchild.Thisistheperiodwhenhe’lllearntocoordinatehisemergingperceptiveabilities（theuseofsenseslikevision,touch,andhearing）andhisincreasingmotorabilitiestodevelopskillslikegrasping,rollingover,sittingup,andpossiblyevencrawling.

Herearesomeothermilestonestolookfor.

MovementMilestones

∙Rollsbothways（fronttoback,backtofront）

∙Sitswith,andthenwithout,supportofherhands

∙Supportsherwholeweightonherlegs

∙Reacheswithonehand

∙Transfersobjectfromhandtohand

∙Usesrakinggrasp（notpincer）

VisualMilestones

∙Developsfullcolorvision

∙Distancevisionmatures

∙Abilitytotrackmovingobjectsimproves

LanguageMilestones

∙Respondstoownname

∙Beginstorespondto“no”

∙Distinguishesemotionsbytoneofvoice

∙Respondstosoundbymakingsounds

∙Usesvoicetoexpressjoyanddispleasure

∙Babbleschainsofconsonants

CognitiveMilestones

∙Findspartiallyhiddenobject

∙Exploreswithhandsandmouth

∙Strugglestogetobjectsthatareoutofreach

SocialandEmotionalMilestones

∙Enjoyssocialplay

∙Interestedinmirrorimages

∙Respondstootherpeople’sexpressionsofemotionandappearsjoyfuloften

DevelopmentalHealthWatch

Becauseeachbabydevelopsinhisownparticularmanner,it’simpossibletotellexactlywhenorhowyourchildwillperfectagivenskill.Thedevelopmentalmilestoneslistedinthisbookwillgiveyouageneralideaofthechangesyoucanexpect,butdon’tbealarmedifyourownbaby’sdevelopmenttakesaslightlydifferentcourse.Alertyourpediatrician,however,ifyourbabydisplaysanyofthefollowingsignsofpossibledevelopmentaldelayforthisagerange.

∙Seemsverystiff,withtightmuscles

∙Seemsveryfloppy,likearagdoll

∙Headstillflopsbackwhenbodyispulleduptoasittingposition

∙Reacheswithonehandonly

∙Refusestocuddle

∙Showsnoaffectionforthepersonwhocaresforhim

∙Doesn’tseemtoenjoybeingaro