四级真题答案Word下载.docx

四级真题答案Word下载.docx

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　　原文：

　　WhyIntegrityMatters【查看原文出处】

WhatisIntegrity?

①.Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself（honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness）butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife'

shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.

Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?

Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.②.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?

Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.

RiskyBusiness

Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.

Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.③.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'

tseetheriskswe'

retaking,wecan'

tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'

tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.④.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"

unintentional"

doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.

"

ButEverybodyDoesIt"

Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'

retakingbyusingexcuses:

Everyoneelsedoesit,"

I'

mnothurtinganyone,"

or"

Ireallyneedthisgrade."

Excusescangetveryelaborate:

IknowI'

mlookingatanother'

sexam,eventhoughI'

msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'

snotcheatingbecauseI'

mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."

Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'

renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'

tseetherealchoicewe'

remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions.

⑤.Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:

Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?

Ifyou'

dratherhideyouractions,that'

sagoodindicationthatyou'

retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.

EvaluatingRisks

Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.⑥.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits（"

what'

sinitforme"

）,andsimplyhaven'

tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"

0"

onatestorassignment;

an"

F"

intheclass;

SuspensionorDismissalfromschool;

transcriptnotation;

andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:

youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'

tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.

GettingAwayWithIt--OrNot

⑦.Thosewhodon'

tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'

tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:

thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'

tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"

easier."

Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'

tgetthissimplemessage:

HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.

CheatingHurtsOthers,Too

Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"

don'

tcount"

anddon'

treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'

grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"

poisons"

theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.（"

IfIdon'

tcheat,Ican'

tcompetewiththosewhodo."

）Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,but⑧.acheatersays,"

mnotinterestedinwhatyou'

retryingtoteach;

allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."

Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.

WhyIntegrityMatters

Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.⑨.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldn'

tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,⑩.Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'

seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.

Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.

解析：

1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______.

A）stickstothemintheirdailylife

B）makesthemknowntoothers

C）understandstheirtruevalues

D）seesthatothersalsofollowthem

选择stickstothemintheirdailylife

定位在原文第一段，文中说正直（integrity）的关键是一致性（consistency），不仅要有很多道德和伦理的准则，还要每天都坚守。

2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?

A）Ithelpstocreateteamspirit

B）Itfacilitatescommunication

C）Itisthebasisofmutualtrust

D）Itinspiresmutualrespect

选择Itisthebasisofmutualtrust.

题干问正直在人际关系和事业关系中扮演着什么样的角色。

定位回第二段，文中说“信任（trust）在任何关系中都是最根本的 

（essential），而正直正是最重要的目标之一”。

3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake？

A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.

B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.

C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules.

D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble.

选择Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.

定位回原文第四段标红的句子，答案完全照抄原文。

4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?

A.ithascausednoharm.

B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.

C.ithasgoneunnoticed.

D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions

选择itisclaimedtobeunintentional.

定位至第四段倒数第二句，文中说“无意识的（unintentional）”并不能为这一违背（violation）道德的行为开脱。

5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?

A.Avoidmakingexcuses.

B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice.

C.Makehisintensionspublic.

D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.

选择Avoidmakingexcus