外研社一起小学英语二年级下语法总结及练习题.docx
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二年级下语法
一般现在时
一、功能:
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
如:
Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
如:
Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。
如:
Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。
二、构成:
1.be动词:
主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。
如:
Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。
注意:
(我用am,你用are,三单is,复数are。
)
肯定句:
主语+be+其它。
如:
Heisaworker.他是工人。
否定句:
主语+be+not+其它。
如Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:
Be+主语+其它。
(be动词移到句首),如:
Isheaworker?
特殊疑问句:
疑问词+一般疑问句。
Whereisyourbike?
2.行为动词:
主语+行为动词(+其它)。
如:
WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。
注意:
(当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。
如:
MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
)
肯定句:
主语+动词原形(+其它)。
如:
Ilikebread.
否定句:
主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。
如:
Idon'tlikebread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。
如:
Heofterplaysfootball.Hedoesn'toftenplayfootball.
一般疑问句:
Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。
(句首加助动词do,does)
如:
Doyouoftenplayfootball?
-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。
如:
-Doesshegotoschoolbybike?
-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.
特殊疑问句:
疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:
Howdoesshegotoschool?
三、动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:
cook-cooks,milk-milks
2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:
guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:
study-studies
四、一般现在现在时常见时间状语
Alwaysusually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month)
练习题
用am,is,are填空
1.I______aboy.______youaboy?
No,I_____not.
2.Thegirl______Jack'ssister.
3.Thedog_______tallandfat.
4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.
5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?
6.Where_____yourmother?
She______athome.
7.How_______yourfather?
8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.
9.Whosedress______this?
10.Whosesocks______they?
11.That______myredskirt.
12.Who______I?
13.Thejeans______onthedesk.
14.Here______ascarfforyou.
15.Here______somesweatersforyou.
16.Theblackgloves______forSuYang.
17.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.
18.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.
19.Sometea______intheglass.
20.GaoShan'sshirt_______overthere.
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.
2.DavidandTom_______(be)inClassOne.
3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.
4.Mike_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.
5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?
6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?
7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?
8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.
9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.
10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.
按照要求改写句子
1.DavidwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
____________________________
3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)
_______________________________________________________
____________________________
4.Helenlikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
____________________________________
5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8.JimcomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
________________________________
10.TomandDavidlikegoingskating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?
__________________
2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?
__________________
3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________
4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________
5.Shedon'tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________
一般现在时翻译练习
1.我们每天七点钟上学。
We________________________atseveno’clock_________________.
2.教室有一些学生。
There________________________intheclassroom.
3.我们非常喜欢英语。
We_______English______________.
4.他常常步行去上学。
Heusually___________________________________.
5.他努力学习英语。
He________________hard.
6.他不在家里做作业。
He_______________________________athome.
7.我们星期天不去学。
We____________________________onSundays.
8.他经常十点钟睡觉。
Heoften__________________________________.
9.有时我五点钟起床。
Sometimes,I____________________________.
10.他们早上七点钟去上学。
They_____________________atseven________________________.
现在进行时
一、概念
表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情.往往与now,atthemoment,just等副词连用,以示强调.如 Wearewaitingforyou.Whatareyoudoing?
Someone’sknockingatthedoor.
结构:
助动词be(am/is/are)+现在分词.
二、现在分词的构成:
1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing.
如:
carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking,enjoy-enjoyinghurry-hurrying,do-doing,read-reading,
2.如果动词以-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,
如come-coming,have-having,make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using.
3.如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing
如:
hit-hitting,let-letting,put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting.
三、句型结构:
1.现在进行时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词be(is/am/are)上.
1)现在进行时的肯定形式:
主语+be(am/is/are)+doing+其他成分
Iamsinging.Theyarewriting.
2)现在进行时的否定形式:
主语+be(am/is/are)+not+doing+其他成分
Iamnotsinging.Theyaren’twriting.
3)一般疑问句及回答:
be(am/is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分
AmIsinging?
Yes,youare./No,youaren’t.
Aretheywriting?
Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
4)特殊疑问句及回答:
特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分
Whatareyoudoing?
Weareplaying(要求就提问内容具体回答).
2.缩写形式如下:
Iam---I’mYouare---You’reHeis---He’sSheis---She’s
Itis---It’sWeare---We’reTheyare---They’re
3.说明:
不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如:
see、like、want、know等动词往往都不用进行时态.
练习题
I____________(fly)akitenow.
He_____________(read)abooknow.
Look,she______________(swim).
Listen,thegirls___________(sing)asong.
Whataretheydoing?
They____________(make)akite.
Somebirds___________________(fly)inthesky.
Myfriend____________(listen)musicnow.
按要求写句子:
1.Theboyisplayingbasketball.
否定句:
____________________________
一般疑问句:
_________________________
肯定回答:
__________________________
否定回答:
__________________________
2.Mikeisreadingabook.
否定句:
____________________________
一般疑问句:
_________________________
肯定回答:
__________________________
否定回答:
__________________________
3.Weareplayinggames.
否定句:
____________________________
一般疑问句:
_________________________
肯定回答:
__________________________
否定回答:
__________________________
4.Iamplayinggames.
否定句:
____________________________
一般疑问句:
_________________________
肯定回答:
__________________________
否定回答:
__________________________
5.LucyandLilyarewatchingTV.
否定句:
____________________________
一般疑问句:
_________________________
肯定回答:
__________________________
否定回答:
__________________________
选择题
1.Look.Lucyis_____anewbiketoday.
A.jumping B.running C.riding Dtakeing
2.Thechildren_____football.
A.isplaying B.areplaying C.playthe D.playa
3.They______TVintheevening.Theydotheirhomework.
A.arewatching B.can’twatching C.don’twatch D.don’twatching
4.Listen!
She____intheclassroom.
A.issinging B.sing C.tosing D.issing
5.______areyoueating?
I’meating______meat.
A.What,some B.Which,any C.Where,not D.What,a
6.Isshe____something?
A.eat B.eating C.eatting D.eats
7.Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.
A.haslost,don’tfind B.ismissing,don’tfind C.haslost,haven’tfound D.ismissing,haven’tfound.
8..Havingacomputerforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_______sorapidly.
A.ischanging B.haschanged C.willhavechanged D.willchange
9.Thebuilding_______,Ican’tstandthenoise.
A.wasbeingbuilt B.isbuilt C.isbeingbuilt D.builds
10.Ican’tcatchupwiththefashion,becausetheclothesstyle_______allthetime.
A.haschanged B.ischanged C.ischanging D.changed
用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1.______you__________(fly)akite?
Yes,_______.
2.______you___________(sit)intheboat?
3.______he_____________(talk)withme?
4.We_______________(play)footballnow.
5.What_________you__________(do)?
6.I_____________(sing)anEnglishsong.
7.What________he____________(mend)?
8.He______________________(mend)acar.
9.Theseboys_________(play)tennisontheplayground.
10.Mymother______________________________(cook)inthekitchen.
11.Wecan’thelpyou,becausewe____________(have)classes.
12.________theboy___________(write)hishomework?
13.Look!
Thesebutterflies______________(fly)inthesky.
14.Listen!
Thegirl_____________(sing)inthenextroom.
15.Theboy__________________(swim)intheriver.