英语语法常用词汇.doc

英语语法常用词汇.doc

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Englishgrammartermsoftenused英语语法常用词语

1．Partsofspeech词类

noun名词pronoun代词numeral数词adjective形容词verb动词adverb副词article冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle小品词

2.Wordbuilding构词法

conversion转化derivation派生affixation词缀法prefix前缀suffix后缀compoundwords合成词

3．Classificationofnouns名词的分类

commonnouns普通名词propernouns专有名词

individualnouns个体名词collectivenouns集合名词

materialnouns物质名词abstractnouns抽象名词

countablenouns可数名词uncountablenouns不可数名词

thesingularform单数形式thepluralform复数形式

thecommoncase普通格thepossessivecase所有格

thesubjectivecase主格theobjectivecase宾格

person人称thirdpersonsingular第三人称单数

4.Classificationofpronouns代词的分类

personalpronouns人称代词possessivepronouns物主代词

selfpronouns反身代词demonstrativepronouns指示代词

interrogativepronouns疑问代词conjunctivepronouns连接代词

relativepronouns关系代词reciprocalpronouns相互代词

indefinitepronouns不定代词

5．数词、形容词、冠词

cardinalnumerals基数词ordinalnumerals序数词

fractionalnumerals分数词thecomparativedegree比较级

thesuperlativedegree最高级Thedefinitearticle定冠词

theindefinitearticle不定冠词

6．Classificationofverbs动词的分类

nationalverbs实义动词link-verbs系动词

auxiliaryverbs助动词modalverbs情态动词

transitiveverbs及物动词intransitiveverbs不及物动词

regularverbs规则动词irregularverbs不规则动词

thepresentforms现在式thepastforms过去式

theparticiple分词thepresentparticiple现在分词

thepastparticiple过去分词theinfinitive不定式

thegerund动名词bareinfinitive不带to的不定式

7．Tense时态

thepresenttense一般现在时thepasttense一般过去时

thefuturetense一般将来时thepastfuturetense一般过去将来时

thepresentcontinuous现在进行时thepastcontinuous过去进行时

thefuturecontinuous将来进行时thepastfuturecontinuous过去将来进行时thepresentperfect现在完成时thepastperfect过去完成时

thefutureperfect将来完成时thepastfutureperfect过去将来完成时

thepresentperfectcontinuous现在完成进行时

thefutureperfectcontinuous将来完成进行时

thepastfutureperfectcontinuous过去将来完成进行时

8．Voice语态、Mood语气

thepassivevoice被动语态theactivevoice主动语态

theindicativemood陈述语气theimperativemood祈使语气

thesubjunctivemood虚拟语气

9．Classificationofadverbs副词的分类

adverbsofplace地点副词adverbsoftime时间副词

adverbsofdegree程度副词adverbsofmanner方式副词

adverbsoffrequency频度副词relativeadverbs关系副词

interrogativeadverbs疑问副词conjunctiveadverbs连接副词

10．Membersofthesentence句子成分

thesubject主语thepredicate谓语thepredicative表语theobject宾语theattribute定语theadverbial状语theappositive同位语

independentelements独立成分thedirectobject直接宾语

theindirectobject间接宾语parenthesis插入语

thedoublepossessive双重所有格theformalsubject/object形式主语/宾语subjectcomplement主语补足语objectcomplement宾语补足语

11．Classificationofsentences句子的分类

declarativesentences陈述句imperativesentences祈使句

exclamatorysentences感叹句interrogativesentences疑问句

generalquestions一般疑问句specialquestions特殊疑问句

alternativequestions选择疑问句disjunctivequestions反意疑问句

tapquestions附加疑问句simplesentences简单句

compoundsentences复合句complexsentences并列句

ellipticalsentences省略句phrase短语prepositionphrases介词短语infinitivephrases不定式短语thequestionword疑问词

12．Clauses从句

mainclauses主句subjectclauses主语从句

objectclauses宾语从句directspeech直接引语

indirectspeech间接引语predicateclauses谓语从句

predicativeclauses表语从句attributiveclauses定语从句

restrictiveattributiveclauses限定性定语从句theantecedent先行词non-restrictiveattributiveclauses非限定性定语从句

appositiveclauses同位语从句adverbialclauses状语从句

adverbialclausesof

time/place/cause/condition/degree/result/concession/purpose/comparison/manner时间/地点/原因/条件/程度/结果/让步/目的/比较/方式状语从句sentencesofrealcondition真实条件句sentencesofunrealcondition虚拟条件句naturalword-order自然语序invertedword-order倒装语序

fullinversion完全倒装partialinversion部分倒装

ellipsis省略transformationofsentences句型转换

analysisofsentences句子分析

13.Punctuation标点符号

period/fullstop句号comma逗号semicolon分号

colon冒号dash破折号hyphen连字号

brackets括号questionmark问号

quotationmarks引号apostrophe省略号

14．ThepronunciationofEnglish英语发音

internationalphonetic国际音标thesoundsofEnglish英语语音

vowels元音purevowels单元音diphthongs双元音

semi-vowel半元音consonants辅音nasal鼻音

plosive爆破音fricative磨擦音affricate破擦音

voicedsounds浊音voiceless清音

lengthmark长音符号stress重读mainstress主重读音节

secondarystress次重读音节unstressed非重读音节

rhythm节奏intonation语调alevelpitch平调

risingtune升调fallingtune降调