IELTS大作文写作讲义Word文档下载推荐.docx
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●语法范围与准确性
任务2
40分钟
250字
写一篇议论文。
要求提供解决方法，评估问题，比较对比不同的观点或看法，或者反驳论点或观点
●任务回应
近几年中国学生雅思总分5.4---5.5，写作5.1---5.2
雅思议论文
HowareTask2answersassessed?
Examinersassesstheanswersaccordingtothesecriteria:
∙TaskResponse（i.e.howfullyandappropriatelythecandidatehasansweredallpartsofthetask;
theextenttowhichthecandidate'
sideasarerelevant,developedandsupported;
spositionisclearandeffective）
∙CoherenceandCohesion（i.e.howwelltheinformationandideasareorganisedandpresentedi.e.paragraphing;
howwelltheinformationislinked）
∙LexicalResource（i.e.therangeofvocabularyused,howaccuratelyitisusedandhowappropriateitisforthetask）
∙GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy（i.e.therangeofstructuresused,howaccuratelytheyareusedandhowappropriatetheyareforthetask）
5分作文要求：
对于任务的回应
●只是部分回应题目要求，格式在有的地方不得体
●有立场，但论证并不总是清晰，可能没写结论
●提出了一些主要观点，但这些观点有限，论证不够充分；
可能有无关细节
连贯与衔接
●信息的呈现有些组织，但缺少整体延续性
●衔接手段的使用不充分，不准确或者过度
●缺少指代和替换关系，导致重复
●没有分段，或者分段不充分
词汇资源
●词汇有限，仅仅满足最低要求
●在拼写和构词法方面有明显错误，以至于导致阅读的部分困难
语法结构的范围和准确性
●只能使用有限的句型
●试图使用复杂句，但准确度不如简单句
●语法和标点经常错误，这些错误导致阅读部分困难
6分作文要求：
●回应题目要求，虽然有的部分涵盖不够完整
●立场切题，虽然结论可能不清晰或重复
●主要观点切题，但有的观点可能论证不够充分或不清晰
●信息和观点组织连贯；
文章有延续性
●衔接手段使用有效，但是句子内部和句子之间的衔接可能有误或过于机械
●指代关系可能不能总是清晰、合理地使用
●有分段，但不总是有逻辑性
●使用适当范围的词汇
●试图使用较不常见词汇，但有一些不准确
●在拼写和构词法上有错误，但这些错误不至于影响交际
●能使用简单和复杂句子结构
●语法和标点出现一些错误，尽管这些错误很少导致交流障碍。
7分作文要求：
●涵盖题目要求
●文章立场清晰
●提出、引申、并支持主要观点，但可能有过度概括，分支观点不够紧凑
●信息和观点组织有逻辑性；
文章从头至尾有延续性
●衔接手段使用合理，虽然可能有一些使用过少或过多
●每个段落都有明确的主题
●词汇使用丰富、有一定的准确性和灵活性
●能使用较不常见词汇，对语体和搭配有所了解
●在词汇的选择、拼写和构词法上偶尔有错误
●使用多种复杂结构
●多数语句无误
●语法和标点掌握较好，但可能会犯一些错误
250字，4段至5段话，4段更容易操作
第一段：
2至4句
第二段：
4至6句
第三段：
第四段：
Introduction:
stateyourview
Body:
supportyourviewwithreasons,arguments,examples
Conclusion:
restateyourview
主体段落：
Topicsentence+supportingsentences
Argumentativedevices---Waystodevelopaparagraph（论证方法）:
1.exemplification（举例说明），
2.explanation（解释说明），
3.causeandeffect（因果论证），
4.comparisonandcontrast（比较与对比）
5.concessionandrefutation（让步与反驳），
6.classification（分类）
Exemplification
Example:
aspecificfact,idea,person,orthingthatisusedtoexplainorsupportageneralidea,ortoshowwhatistypicalofalargergroup
举例相关关联词：
Forexample
Forinstance
Take（Consider）…asanexample
Acaseinpoint
suchas
including
Somepeoplethinkthatanimalsshouldbetreatedasfriends.Yetothersonlyconsideranimalsassourcesoffoodandclothing.Whatisyouropinion?
SampleAnswer
Thereisagrowingtendencynowadaysforsomepeopletotreatanimalsaslivingmeatandwalkingfur.Thisleadstothecruelslaughterofanimalsallovertheworldeveryyear.Yet,inmyopinion,insteadofkillinganimals,humanbeingsshouldtreatthemastheirfriends.
Itisanundeniablefactthatanimalsplayavitalroleinmaintainingthesubtlebalanceoftheearth'
secologicalsystem.Thelackofthisessentialpartwillbringaboutthedestructionofthewholeworld.Therefore,tosomeextent,killinganimalsisequaltodiggingourowngraves.
Forthousandsofyears,manyanimalshavegivenloyalservicetohumans.Pigeonsconveymessagesinwartime,anddogshelptodetectcrime.Evenpigs,whichmanypeoplethinkarethemoststupidanimals,areusedinthebattleagainstdrugs.Thereisnodoubtthatourliveswouldbefarlessconvenientwithoutalittlehelpfromouranimalfriends.
Animalsalsohelphumansinaspiritualway.Thereisnothingbetterthankeepingacatoradogifyouwantyourkidstobemoreindependentandresponsible.Itisalsonotedthatseniorcitizenslivelongeriftheykeeppetsaftertheirretirement.
Tosumup,animalsarehumanbeings'
friends.Thosewhoregardanimalsasmerelyasourceoffoodandclothingshouldatleastbearonethinginmind:
Beingkindtoanimalsisbeingkindtoourselves.Therefore,forourownfuturebenefit,pleasetreatanimalswithloveandcare.
Topicsentence:
Agrowingnumberofenvironmentalproblemsarenolongerconfinedtoacertainregionorcountry.
Forexample,oilspillscanpolluteinternationalwatersandthelossoftheozonelayermayleadtothemeltingoficecapsandglaciers,whichinturn,mayraisesealevelsworldwide.
TheadvertisementsonTV,newspaperandotherkindsofmediamayconfuseconsumersandmakethemrushtopurchaseproductswhichtheydon’treallyneed.
Takethecellphoneforexample.Itsfunctionsandpracticaluseareoftenexaggeratedinadvertisements.What’smore,theadvertisementsevencreateafashionableatmosphereforcellphoneswhichappealstoyoungpeopletochangetheirphonescontinuouslywhileignoringthebasicserviceofcellphonesisjusttomakeaphonecall.
Explanation
解释：
Itmeans
Thatistosay
Inotherwords
Toputitanotherway
BythatImean
Ibelievethetraditionalfamily,withbothparentsprovidingemotionalsupportandrole-modelsfortheirchildren,isthemostsatisfactorywayofbringingupchildren.
Educationafterbirthplaysasignificantroleinone’sdevelopment.Education,whichhelpschildrendeveloptheirthinkingandaccumulatetheirknowledge,isadecidingfactorofone’ssuccess.Forexample,ahigh-schoollevelpersoncommonlymaynotsucceedtotheextentofapersonwhohasreceivedauniversityeducation.Thisisnotonlybecauseofthegreaterbreadthofknowledgeacquired,butalsoduetoamorecriticalandfocusedwayofthinkingthatisimpartedandrefinedduringonessenioreducation.
Ithinkanabilitytokeepclearperspectivesinlifeisamoreessentialfactorinachievinghappiness.BythatImeananabilitytohaveaclearsenseofwhatisimportantinourlives（thewelfareofourfamilies,thequalityofourrelationships,makingotherpeoplehappy,etc.）andwhatisnot（aproblematwork,gettingannoyedabouttrivialthings,etc.）
CauseandEffect
Cause:
becauseof
asaresultof
dueto
thanksto
owingto
because
as
since
for
Result:
asaresult
asaconsequence
accordingly
inthisway
thus
hence
so
therefore
妇女不应该当兵，因为她们的体力不如男子。
Womenshouldbejoininthearmy
Womenshouldnotbeamemberofthearmy
Womenshouldnottakeupamilitarycareer
becausetheyarenotasstrongasmen
becausetheyareinferiortomeninphysicalstrength
becauseoftheirphysicalinadequacies
Inmanycountriesschoolshavesevereproblemswithstudentbehaviour.
Whatdoyouthinkarethecausesofthis?
Whatsolutionscanyousuggest?
范文：
PoorstudentbehaviourseemstobeanincreasinglywidespreadproblemandIthinkthatmodernlifestylesareprobablyresponsibleforthis.
Inmanycountries,thebirthrateisdecreasingsothatfamiliesaresmallerwithfewerchildren.Thesechildrenareoftenspoilt,notintermsofloveandattentionbecauseworkingparentsdonothavethetimeforthis,butinmorematerialways.Theyareallowedtohavewhatevertheywant,regardlessofprice,andtobehaveastheyplease.Thismeansthatthechildrengrowupwithoutconsiderationforothersandwithoutanyunderstandingofwheretheirstandardoflivingcomesfrom.
在许多国家，由于出生率的下降，家庭规模越来越小。
这些家庭里的孩子经常被大人宠坏，这倒不是说他们得到了太多的爱和关怀，因为外出工作的父母没有那么多的时间给与这些，而是更加物质的方面。
父母允许这些小孩不管价格高低想要什么就得到什么，而且为所欲为。
这意味着在这些孩子的成长过程中，他们没有学会考虑他人，也不知道自己所享受的生活来自哪里。
Whentheygettoschoolagetheyhavenotlearntanyselfcontrolordiscipline.Theyhavelessrespectfortheirteachersandrefusetoobeyschoolrulesinthewaythattheirparentsdid.
当这些孩子到了上学年龄，他们没有学会任何自制力。
和父母相比，他们不那么尊敬老师，也不愿意遵守学校的规章制度。
ComparisonandContrast
similarly
likewise
inthesamemanner
inthesameway
but
while
whereas
whilst
onthecontrary
incontrast
bycontrast
ontheotherhand
instead
rather
conversely
Planeisthefastestmeansoftransportation.
Itusedtotakeusabout10hourstogotoaplacebycar.Now,wecangothereinnomorethan1hourbyair.
Whatusedtotakeus10hoursbycarcannowbecoveredwithin1hourbyair.
ConcessionandRefutation
although
admittedly
itistruethat
itisoftenthecasethat
however
nevertheless
Althougholdpeopleareunlikelytofacephysicallychallengingtasks,therearemanyjobsthatareespeciallysuitableforoldpeople,suchasjobsthatcallformoreexperienceandwisdomthanphysicalpower.Withtheirrichexperienceinbothworkandlife,manyoldpeoplewouldmakegoodconsultants,instructors,coaches,doctorsandpsychologists,tomentiononlyafew.
Girlsalsoappeartobelessaggressivethanboys.Inadulthood,itismen,notwomen,whoprovetobetheaggressorsincrimeandinwar.Obviously,inraisingchildren,amorepatient,gentlemannerispreferabletoamoreaggressiveone.Althoughtherearecertainlygentlemenandaggressivewomen,byandlarge,femalesarelesslikelytoresorttoviolenceinattemptingtosolveproblems.
论证方法总结及分类论证：
妇女是否应当参军？
Inmanycountries,womenarenotabletojoininthearmytoshareequalbasiswithmenandsomepeoplethinkthatonlymenshouldbeamemberofthearmy,navyandairforce.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?
应当；
不应当；
主体客体分类
Whyshould?
●战争的状态和要求Thewaybattlesarefoughthasundergonedramaticchangesandsowomenhaveanequalbasisasmen.
●参军的职责Justasmenhavetheresponsibilityofbringingupchildrenwithwomen,sowomenshouldbeartheburdenofprotectingtheirowncountrybyjoininginthearmy.
Whyshouldnot?
（军人必备的条件？
物质/非物质？
）
●
升级会员 