学位北京英语考试A卷真题.docx

学位北京英语考试A卷真题.docx

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学位北京英语考试A卷真题

2010年11月6日学位北京英语考试A卷真题

　　Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings”.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs，butarchaeologists（考古学家）learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon'tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly—thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.

　　Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory--normally,thebacteria（细菌）intheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent.

　　In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup—walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout—ahumanfoot!

Naturally,themencalledthepolice，whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?

Possibly--butitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans—thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman'sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!

　　Whywasthismansowellpreserved?

（76）Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefi:

omthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman'sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes.

　　Howdidhedie?

Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled,“LindowMan”.（77）Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn'tdoneheavymanualworkinhislife—hecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn'tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods.

　　1.Whichlanguagedoestheword“archaeology”comefrom?

　　A.French.B.Greek.C.Roman.D.German.

　　2.Theword“these”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_______.

　　A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects

　　3.Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan”?

　　A.IceandIowtemperature.B.Bacteriaandoxygen.

　　C.Soilandenergy.D.Acidandwater.

　　4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

　　A.“LindowMan”wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.

　　B.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.

　　C.“LindowMan”wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland.

　　D.“LindowMan”wasgoodatmanualwork.

　　5.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

　　A.WhatIsArchaeology?

　　B.ArchaeologyandHistory

　　C.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscovery

　　D.TheDeathof“LindowMan”

　　Passage2

　　Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodemart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.

　　Andyet,citylifeisn'teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs（损害）ourbasicmentalprocesses.（78）Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit'slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiesactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.

　　Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.

　　Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone（里程碑）.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we'recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofStrangers.Inrecentyears,it'sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.

　　Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble（涉足）inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.（79）Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.

　　6.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?

　　A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople.

　　B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain.

　　C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits.

　　D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance.

　　7.Theword“metropolis”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_______.

　　A.citizenB.natureC.cityD.stress

　　8.Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat_______.

　　A.humanattentionisascarceresource

　　B.citylifecanmakepeopleverytired

　　C.thecityisanengineofintellectuallife

　　D.anurbanenvironmentisdamagingtothebrain

　　9.Whatisthefactormentionedinthethirdparagraphthathelpsthehospitalpatientsrecovermorequickly?

　　A.Nature.B.Bettertreatment.

　　C.Experienceddoctors.D.Goodmedicine.

　　10.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

　　A.Differentaspects（方面）ofanurbanenvironment,suchasthecrowdedstreets,canleadtoanincreaseinself-control.

　　B.Smallchangesinurbandesign,cannotreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.

　　C.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theearth'spopulationismoreurbanthanrural.

　　D.Awalkdownabusycitystreetwillimprovebrainperformance.

　　Passage3

　　Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　Breastfeeding（母乳喂养）foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman'sriskofgettingdiabetes（糖病）laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthelinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Schwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womenf~omCalifomia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold.

　　AccordingtoSchwarz'sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis（诊断）ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound.

　　Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.（80）“Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemombreastfeeds,themorebenefitforherbody.”Manyexpertsrecommendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays.

　　Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon'tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoffweight.“Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,”shesays.

　　Thefindingisn'tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes（occurringduringpregnancy（怀孕））thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtothe-adviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby.

　　11.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

　　A.Abouttwothousandandtwohundredoldwomentookpartinthestudy.

　　B.EleanorSchwarz'sresearchprogramwasaboutmenandwomenwhosufferedfromdiabetes.

　　C.Overonefifthsofthewomennevergotmarried.

　　D.EleanorSchwarz'sresultsseemmorereliable.

　　12.AccordingtoSchwarz'sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?

　　A.Thosemotherswhohadneverbreastfed.

　　B.Thosemotherswhonevergavebirth.

　　C.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforamonth.

　　D.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforsixmonths.

　　13.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldSchwarzagreewith?

　　A.Breastfeedingisnotadvisablebecauseitisnotgoodforamomtokeepagoodshape.

　　B.Breastfeedingcangreatlyreduceamother'schancesofgettingallkindsofseriousdisease.

　　C.Breastfeedingforamonthishighlyrecommended:

thelonger,thebetter.

　　D.Breastfeedingforamonthorlongermakesbabiessmarter.

　　14.Whatdoestheauth