高考英语短文改错考点分类解析.docx
《高考英语短文改错考点分类解析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语短文改错考点分类解析.docx(50页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
高考英语短文改错考点分类解析
高考英语短文改错考点解析:
冠词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括a与an的区别)。
其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词;另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。
二、真题单句归纳
(1)Afterahourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightened.(a改为an,因hour读音以元音开头)(全国卷)
(2)Idecidedtoclimbthetreetoseewherewewere.(the改为a,因此处并非特指,而是泛指)(全国卷)
(2)Somepeoplereadthebooksorwatchtelevisionwhileothershavesports.(去掉the,因这里的books表泛指,不表特指)(全国卷)
(3)Goodhealthisperson‘smostvaluablepossession.(person’s前加a,这里的a表泛指)(全国卷)
(4)Modernpeopleknowmoreaboutthehealth,havebetterfood,andliveinclearersurroundings.(去掉the,因health表泛指)(全国卷)
(5)ThereispubliclibraryineverytowninBritain.(publiclibrary前加a,因这里的publiclibrary是单数可数名词表泛指,故在其前用a)(全国卷)
(6)Maybeyoucouldcomeduringawinterholidays.(a改为the,因从含义上看,此处的winterholidays属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的)(全国卷)
(7)TodayIvisitedtheSmiths—myfirstvisittoaAmericanfamily.(a改为an,因American的读音以元音开头)(全国卷)
(8)Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.(captain前加冠词the,captain为特指)(全国卷)
(9)Somewantedtoseetheprogrammewhileotherspreferredanother.(the改为one,one与下一行的another构成“一个……另一个”)(全国卷)
(10)I‘lltakethischancetowishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.(wonderful前加a,该表达与haveagoodtime类似,其中的a不可省)(北京春季卷)
(11)Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.(去掉a,catchsightof是习语,意为“看见、瞥见”)(全国卷)
(12)Forexample,whenIwasachild,therainwasamystery(奥秘)。
(去掉the,rain在此泛指)(北京春季卷)
(13)Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.(a改为the,因same前应用定冠词)(全国卷)
(14)Aseveryoneknows,it‘sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.(在famous前加a,注意mountain是单数可数名词)(全国卷)
(15)Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.(mydiary改为adiary,keepadiary意为“写日记”)(全国卷)
(16)WhenIwasboy,themostexcitingthingwastocelebratetheSpringFestival.(boy前加a,因boy为可数名词)(江苏卷)
(16)OnThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.(a改为the,因这不是泛指的周末,而是特指本周周末)(四川卷)
(17)Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionoftheirownanddiscoveraninterestwhichcanevenlastlifetime.(lifetime前加a,指人的一生是alifetime)(浙江卷)
(18)Tenminuteslater,thefiremencameandputoutfire.(fire前加the,因这是特指的一场火灾)(福建卷)
(19)Aswealllefthomeatearlyage,…(early前加an,atanearlyage意为“在年幼时”)(天津卷)
(20)Mygrandmawasthebestcookerintheworldbutcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes.(cooker改为cook,比较:
cook=炊事员,cooker=炊具)(江苏卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1)Hersister,whoisnurse,willmarryoneofthedoctorsinthehospital.
(2)Itwassuchwonderfuldinnerthatweenjoyeditverymuch.
(3)Itwasraininghard,soIhadtoborrowaumbrella.
(4)MyfriendMarycomesfromanEuropeancountry.
(5)MrSmithusedtobephysicsteachertillheturnedwriter.
(6)Insmallvillagelikethis,everybodyknowseverybodyelse.
(7)Onlyfewofthechildrencanreadsuchbooks.
(8)Forlongtimeneitherofusspoketoeachother.
(9)Look,agirlinblueismycousin.
(10)Look!
Acarhasstoppedthere.Acarisbeautiful.
(11)Sheaskedwhetherwecamefromasamecity.
(12)Themountainwascoveredwiththesnowalltheyearround.
(13)Youdon‘tknowwhatwonderfultimewe’vehad.
(14)Peoplemadethefunofherbecausesheworesuchstrangeclothes.
(15)Soontheplanewasoutofthesight.
(16)Greatchangeshavetakentheplaceinmyhometownsince1978.
(17)Intheword,heisagoodstudentandallofuslikehim.
(18)Yousayyoutookthebookwithouthispermission.Intheotherwords,youstoleit.
「参考答案」
(1)nurse前加a,因nurse为可数名词。
(2)such后加a,dinner受形容词修饰时,其前通常要加不定冠词。
(3)a改为an,因umbrella的读音以元音开头。
(4)an改为a,因European的读音不是以元音开头。
(5)physics前加a,因teacher为可数名词。
(6)small前加a,因village为可数名词,在句中表泛指。
(7)few前加a,因其前有only修饰,即习惯上说onlyafew.
(8)long前加a,alongtime意为“很长一段时间”。
(9)a改为the,此处为特指用法。
(10)第二个A改为The,特指前面已提到的事物。
(11)a改为the,因same前习惯上用定冠词,不用不定冠词。
(12)去掉the,在此snow为泛指用法。
(13)wonderful前加a,因haveawonderfultime为习惯表达。
(14)去掉the,因makefunof为习语,意为“取笑”。
(15)去掉the,因outofsight为习语,意为“看不见”。
(16)去掉the,因takeplace为习语,意为“发生”。
(17)the改为a,因inaword为习语,意为“总之”、“一句话”。
(18)去掉the,因inotherwords为习语,意为“换句话说”
高考英语短文改错考点解析:
介词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1)Billinsistedinstayingnearthecar.(in改为on,insiston为固定搭配)(全国卷)
(2)Suddenlywecaughtsightatacarandsomemen.(at改为of,catchsightof是习语,意为“看见”)(全国卷)
(3)WhenIhavefreetimeIgoalongwalk.(go后加for,goforawalk是习语)(全国卷)
(4)Whentheycamedownthepolicewereangrytothem.(to改为with,要表示对某人生气,英语习惯上用beangrywithsb)(全国卷)
(5)Mostpeoplecanquicklygetforhelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.(去掉for,因其前的get是及物动词)(全国卷)
(6)…andsomebooks,forexample,booksforhistory,science,cookingandgardeningarealsopopular.(booksfor改为bookson,此处的on意为“关于”)(全国卷)
(7)Ineverknewaboutaridedownarivercouldbesoexciting.(去掉about或将about改为that,因动词knew后可直接跟宾语从句,无需用介词)(全国卷)
(8)Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailwaystation.(for改为of,注意句型It‘skindofsbtodosth)(全国卷)
(9)Infact,theyareplanningtovisitChinainnextyear.(去掉in,在由next,this,last等构成的时间短语中,一般可直接用作时间状语,无需加in,on,at这样的介词)(全国卷)
(10)Wepractiseforthreetimeseveryweek.(去掉for,在表示频率的名词前通常不加介词)(全国卷)
(11)Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.(instead后加of,insteadof为复合介词,在此表示“而不是”)(全国卷)
(12)Unfortunately,therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.(among改为in,inmyfamily意为“在我家里”)(全国卷)
(13)Iwashappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottimearguing…(alot后加of,因alot不能直接修饰名词)(全国卷)
(14)ThanksverymuchoninvitingmetoyourbirthdaypartyonSunday.(on改为for,thanksfordoingsth意为“因某事而感谢某人”)(北京春季卷)
(15)SoI‘mreallysorrythat Iwon’tbeabletocomeinthistime.(去掉in,因thistime可直接用作状语)(北京春季卷)
(16)…butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.(去掉about,因about后没有接宾语,about属多余)(全国卷)
(17)Forinstance,ononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfouro‘clockinthemorning.(去掉on,因onenight可直接用作状语)(北京春季卷)
(18)IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.(去掉at,themoment在此用作连词,相当于assoonas)(全国卷)
(19)Hisparentsaskedhimtospendinmoretimepreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination.(去掉in,spend是及物动词,其后可直接跟名词作宾语)(安徽春季卷)
(20)Ifeelsorrytohim.(to改为for,be/feelsorryforsb意为“为某人感到难过”)(安徽春季卷)
(21)Becausesomuchviewing,childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadingandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.(Because后加of,因somuchviewing相当于名词)(北京春季卷)
(22)Ononeyeartheaveragechildwillsee25,000televisioncommercials…(On改为In,意为“在一年中”)(北京春季卷)
(23)ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese…(去掉that前的in,was后是一个以that引导的宾语从句,in是多余的)(全国卷)
(24)I‘msuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeas afool.SoIfeelunhappyeveryday.(to改为at,laughat意为“嘲笑”)(全国卷)
(25)YoucanfindallkindsinformationinjustafewminutesontheInternet.(kinds后加of,akindof意为“一种……”,allkindsof…意为“各种各样的……”)(广西卷)
(26)ButIhavespentlotsmymoney,…(lots后加of,lots/alot后不能接名词;后接名词时,要用lotsof…,alotof…)(四川卷)
(27)…youwillprobablywanttojoinintheStampCollectors‘Club…(去掉in,表示“参加,加入”某个组织,join后不要再加介词in;表示“参加”某项活动时,才加in)(浙江卷)
(28)Wehavealotoncommonandhavealottotalkabout.(on改为in,因为havesthincommon是固定搭配,意为“有共同的……”)(福建卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1)Wemustserveforthepeopleheartandsoul.
(2)Ifollowedthemanforawhile,andsawhimenterintothebank.
(3)SoonthenursemarriedwithmyfriendJim.
(4)Itookagreatmanyofphotographsinthemountains.
(5)InEnglishclass,weoftentalkeachotherinEnglish.
(6)Don‘ttalk.Whatthemansaysiswellworthlistening.
(7)Thechairlookshard,butitiscomfortabletosit.
(8)Shewasverykindandinsistedlendinghercartous.
(9)IaskedtoherwhatshewouldbedoingonSaturday.
(10)Areyougladtobegoingtobacktoschool?
(11)Onhiswaytohome,hemetoneofhisoldfriendsJack.
(12)Pleaseclosethedooratnexttimeyoucomein.
(13)Thousandsofpeoplegototheseasideineveryyear.
(14)Wecanfinishtheworkeitherthisweekorinnextweek.
(15)Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadtakingtheelevator.
(16)Wecouldnothaveheardthembecausethenoisefromtheriver.
(17)Don‘tbeangrytomefornothavingwritten—Iwasreallytoobusy.
(18)I‘vereadalotbooksaboutanimals.
(19)Heinvitedustodinner,whichwasverykindforhim.
(20)IknewthattherewasnohopeonthemomentIsawhim.
(21)Don‘tgobyplane.It’salotofmoreexpensive.
(22)Exceptmilkandcheese,weallneedvegetables.
(23)Onmywayback,IcalledatMrSmithathisoffice.
「参考答案」
(1)去掉for,serve表示“为……服务”,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。
(2)去掉into,enter表示“进入”时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。
(3)去掉with,marry表示“与……结婚”时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。
(4)去掉of,agreatmany后可直接跟名词,无需用介词。
但若其后的名词有the,these,my等表特指的限定词,则要用介词of,如agreatmanyofmyfriends.
(5)talk后加to,因talk为不及物动词。
(6)listening后加to,因whatthemansays是listento的逻辑宾语。
(7)sit后加on或in,因为从逻辑上说就是siton/inthechair.
(8)insisted后加on,insist后可接从句作宾语,但不接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,遇此情况应用insiston.
(9)去掉to,因ask是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。
(10)去掉back前的to,因back是副词,其前不用介词。
(11)去掉home前的to,因home是副词,其前不用介词。
(12)去掉at,因nexttime在此用作连词,意为“下次”。
(13)去掉in,everyyear可直接用作状语,其前无需用介词。
(14)去掉in,nextweek可直接用作状语,其前无需用介词。
(15)instead后加of,insteadof为复合介词,在此表示“而没有”。
(16)because后加of,因其后接的是名词,而不是句子。
(17)to改为with,要表示“对某人生气”,用beangrywithsb,不用beangrytosb.
(18)alot后加of,alotof意为“许多”。
(