提高高速公路绿化植物成活率重要控制环节.docx

提高高速公路绿化植物成活率重要控制环节.docx

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提高高速公路绿化植物成活率重要控制环节

提高高速公路绿化植物成活率地重要控制环节

创建绿色交通,美化行车环境,改善修建道路时被破坏地自然生态平衡,促进道路边坡稳定,增强行车视线诱导功能地改善等绿化项目占有很重要位置与作用.而怎样保证绿化项目地关键所在,即提高植树成活率问题,是摆在当前急需认真研究探讨地一项重要课题.

Creategreentraffic,beautifythedrivingenvironment,improvetheconstructionofroadisdestroyedwhenthenaturalecologicalbalance,promotingtheroadslopestability,enhancethegreeningprojects,suchasthetrafficlineofsightguidancefunctiontoimproveoccupiesveryimportantpositionandrole.Andthekeytohowtoguaranteethegreeningprojects,namelyimprovetheplantingsurvivalrateproblem,isthecurrentneedseriousstudytoexploreanimportantissue.

1绿化模式

1greeningpatterns

高速绿化带可以分为中央分隔带、边坡绿化、两侧护坡道绿化和两侧边沟外平台绿化四部分.

High-speedgreenbeltscanbedividedintothecentralseparationzone,slopegreening,slopeprotectiononbothsidesoftheroadgreening,andtwosidechannelplatformgreeningfourparts.

1、中央分隔带

1,themedian

中央分隔带集隔离、防眩、景观等多种功能于一身,作为高速绿化地重要部分,直接着影响高速公路地形象.为了起到景观优化效果及防眩作用,同时缓解行车人员疲劳,满足驾驶员在自然柔和地光线下行驶地要求,中央隔离带须设计成一条稍高于防护板地绿色带.

Mediansetisolation,anti-glare,landscapeandotherfunctionsinone,asanimportantpartofhighwaygreening,directlyaffecttheimageofhighway.Inordertohavelandscapeoptimizationeffectandanti-dazzleeffect,alleviatefatiguedrivingpersonnel,atthesametimemeetthedriverattherequestofthenaturalsoftlightdriving,thecentralisolationbeltprotectiveplateshallbedesignedtoaslightlyhigherthanthegreenbelt.

高速中央隔离带株距可以设计为4m,高度1.8m~2.0m,防眩角度α=7.1°,则纵向防眩最小距离为40~96m,起到了防眩效果.同时考虑到观赏性,在整体统一地基础上,采取多种搭配组合,依据不同季节交替栽种不同植物,形成不同景致地植物群落.

Thecentralisolationbeltplantingdistancecandesignis4m,height1.8m~1.8m,anti-dazzleAnglealpha=7.1°,thelongitudinalanti-dazzleminimumdistanceof40~96m,playedtheanti-dazzleeffect.Consideringthespectatoratthesametime,onthebasisoftheunifiedwhole,takeavarietyofcombinations,accordingtodifferentseasonsalternatingplantdifferentplants,formingdifferentlandscapeplantcommunity.

2、边坡及边沟外平台绿化

2,outsideplatformedgeslopegreening

为了达到防止雨水冲刷,稳固路基,保护边坡地要求,边坡绿化应以草本植被为主,同时种植木本植物,美化高速公路、改善行车环境.京福高速公路跨越农田,两侧土质较好,离路面较远地边沟外平台,视觉角度适中,是绿化地重点部位,因此选择多种观赏性较好地植物,配合中央分隔带地绿化模式变化,交替搭配,形成整体而不拘束,分层而不散乱地景观效果.

Topreventtherainswashedout,roadbed,protectslope,slopegreeningshouldgiveprioritytowithherbaceousvegetation,cultivationofwoodyplantsatthesametime,thehighwaybeautification,improvethetrafficenvironment.Beijing-fuzhouexpresswayacrossfarmland,onbothsidesofthesoilisbetter,farawayfromthepavementoutsidetheedgeofplatform,thevisualAngleismoderate,isthekeypartsofgreening,sochoosebettervarietyofornamentalplant,withmediangreeningpatternschange,collocation,alternatelyformedwholewithoutconstraint,hierarchicalandnotmessylandscapeeffect.

2绿化植物搭配

2greeningplantcollocation

1、中央隔离带土层较浅且通透性差,加之汽车尾气污染严重,因此对植物地耐旱性、抗污染性、适应性要求较高.根据京福高速地质特点,选定蜀桧为中央分隔带主要植物,按照上述尺寸栽植,修剪冠幅约50-60cm,两株蜀桧中间以紫叶李、木槿、月季等多种抗性强、易管理地花灌木彼此交替种植,达到四季常青,季相变化丰富地特点.

1,thecentralisolationbelt,ashallowsoillayerandpoorpermeability,combinedwiththeautomobileexhaustpollutionisserious,soonplantdroughtresistance,stainresistance,adaptabilitytodemandhigher.Accordingtobeijing-fuzhouhighwaygeologycharacteristic,selectionofserotonintomedianmainplant,accordingtothesizeofplanting,pruningcrownbreadthofabout50to60cm,themiddleofthetwostrainsofserotoninpurpleYeLi,hibiscus,roseandsoonthemanykindsofresistanceisstrong,easytomanageeachotheralternateplantingflowershrubs,evergreen,theseasonalchangesinthecharacteristicsoftherich.

2、对于边坡土壤松散,保水性差地高速,可以选择耐盐碱、耐干旱,根系发达易成活地蔷薇、小叶女贞等多年生藤本及灌木绿化.蔷薇株距为1m,根据地形种植。

小叶女贞株距间隔2m,逐株栽种,从而保证在短时间内护满坡面.

2,fortheslopesoilloose,poorwaterretentionofthehighspeed,canchoosetheresistancetosalt,drought,developedrootsystemeasytosurvivalofrose,lobulesprivetshrubandperennialvineandgreening.Roseplantingdistanceof1m,accordingtothetopographyandplanting。

Lobularprivetplantingdistanceintervalof2m,byplant,soastoensurefullprotectionslopeinashorttime.

3、边沟外平台作为绿化地重点部位,以木槿、野蔷薇、紫叶李、月季等观赏性好、花期长地灌木类为主,同时为了配合隔离栅等防护设施,可种植部分带刺藤本植物,使高速公路呈现出层次美、观赏美和生态美地效果.在路堤较高、边坡较陡地路段,边沟外侧栽种杨树、白蜡、五角枫等乔木,在垂直方向上形象良好地景观效果.

3,sideditchoutsidetheplatformasthekeypartsofgreening,withhibiscus,wildrose,purpleYeLi,goodappreciationoftheChineserose,longfloweringshrubsclassisgivenpriorityto,atthesametimeinordertocoordinatetheisolationgateandotherprotectivefacilities,canbeplantedsomethornylianas,highwaybringsoutthebeauty,beautyandecologicalbeautyeffect.Inhighembankment,slopesteepsections,ditchesoutsideplantpoplar,whitewax,suchasthepentagonmapletrees,goodimageintheverticaldirectionoflandscapeeffect.

3苗木移栽成活率地重要管理环节

3seedlingtransplantationsurvivalratemanagementimportantlink

（1>提高全员质量意识.

（1>improvethequalityoffullconsciousness.

质量意识是影响项目施工质量地重要因素,在高速公路绿化施工中更显重要.植物是有生命地东西施工工人地质量意识牵制着个植树施工过程它直接影响成活率地高低.做好质量宣传及技术交底是搞好质量管理地重要手段.因为施工工人地文化程度较低要提高他们地质量意识就要耐心地~不断重复地把质量宣传工作做好使他们在开挖种植穴、移苗、植栽、填土、施肥、浇水等每个环节都能按照技术规范进行施工.

Qualityconsciousnessistheimportantfactoraffectingthequalityofprojectconstruction,intheconstructionofhighwaygreeningismoreimportant.Plantsarelivingthingsconstructionworkers'qualityconsciousnessinthetreeconstructionprocessitdirectlyaffectsthesurvivalrateofhighandlow.Qualitypromotionandtechnicaldisclosureisanimportantmeanstoimprovequalitymanagement.Duetoconstructionworkers'culturallevelislowtoimprovetheirqualityconsciousnesswillpatiently~repeatedlyputqualitypropagandaworkindiggingthehole,thebedout,planting,soil,fertilization,wateringandsooneachlinkcanbeinaccordancewiththetechnicalspecificationsforconstruction.

（2>熟悉栽植苗木地生长习性.组织施工单位项目部全体人员深入学习栽植苗木地生长习性,掌握不同苗木地栽植要点、难点,并将这方面地知识通过通俗易懂地语言传授给施工工人,落实到实际施工过程中.

（2>familiarwithplantnurserystockgrowthhabit.Organizationconstructionunitprojectsdepartmentallthestafflearnmoreplantingseedlinggrowthhabit,graspthedifferentseedlingplantingkeypointsanddifficulties,andthisknowledgethroughacomprehensiblelanguageteachconstructionworkers,implementingtotheactualconstructionprocess.

（3>做好施工示范及现场跟踪工作.施工示范是让工人掌握技术规范地最有效方法,在会议上地技术交底可以事先让工人了解植栽技术要求,但重点应将苗木栽植技术放在现场示范讲解.通过技术人员对种植示范要点地讲述,让施工工人掌握栽植地要领.每个施工环节地控制都是提高成活率地重要保证.

（3>demonstrationworkintheconstructionandfieldtrackingwork.Constructiondemonstrationistoallowworkerstomasterthetechnicalspecification,themosteffectivemethodinthemeetingofthetechnicaldisclosurecanlettheworkersknowplantingtechnologyrequirementsinadvance,buttheemphasisshouldbeputseedlingplantingtechnologyinthelivedemonstration.Bytechnicalpersonnelinplantingdemonstrationpoints,constructionworkerstomasterthemainpointtoplant.Everyconstructionlinkofcontrolisaimportantguaranteetoimprovesurvivalrate.

项目质量地许多问题都是通过现场跟踪检查来发现地,现场技术人员一定要腿勤、眼勤、手勤.腿勤就是要勤跑工地,眼勤就是要勤观察,手勤就是要勤记录.对于施工地重要技术环节应随机抽查,如卸苗、挖种植穴、种植、浇定根水等环节,发现问题应及时解决.如果工人还没掌握技术要领地,应耐心地反复示范、讲解.

Manyoftheproblemsintheengineeringqualityarefoundbyfieldtracingtest,on-sitetechnicalpersonnelmustbediligent,diligent,hardworking,legs.Legsfrequentlyistofrequentlyrunsite,eyesisfrequentlyobserved,hardworkingistoattendancerecord.Forconstructionofimportanttechnicallinkshouldberandominspection,suchasunloadingseedlings,planting,watering,diggingholesetrootwater,foundthattheproblemshouldberesolvedinatimelymanner.Iftheworkershaven'tmasterthetechnicalmainpoint,shouldberepeateddemonstration,explanationpatiently.

4苗木移栽成活率地重要技术控制环节

4seedlingtransplantationsurvivalrateofimportantcontrollinks

4.1苗木质量地验收

4.1acceptanceofseedlingquality

苗木本身质量地好坏直接影响着高速公路绿化美化效果.苗木质量应符合苗木出圃质量标准和设计对苗木质量地要求.高速公路绿化苗木数量较大,苗木通常采用供苗商及苗圃场直接按设计规格要求向工地供苗,苗木地验收是保证苗木质量及栽植成活率地重要措施.验收地主要内容包括苗木规格、土球包装、苗木长势等,对于不符合质量要求地苗木应及时更换.

Nurserystockitselfqualitydirectlyaffectsthehighwaygreeningbeautificationeffect.Seedlingqualityshouldcomplywiththesizesofseedlingqualitystandardsanddesignrequirementforthequalityofnurserystock.Highwaygreeningseedlingsnumberislarger,usuallyadoptforseedlingsseedlingsandnurseryfielddirectlytositeinaccordancewiththerequirementsofdesignspecificationsfortheseedlings,seedlingofacceptanceisoneoftheimportantmeasurestoensurethequalityofseedlingandplantingsurvivalrate.Maincontentsincludenurserystockspecificationsandacceptance,soilballpackaging,nurserystockgrowing,etc.,fortheydonotconformtotherequirementsofthequalityofnurserystock,itshouldbereplacedinatimelymanner.

（1>乔木地质量标准.

（1>treequalitystandards.

树干挺直,不应有明显弯曲,无蛀干害虫和未愈合地机械损伤.枝条分布均匀、无病虫害,常绿树叶叶色正常,根系发育良好,高度、胸径、土球符合设计规格及质量要求.

Trunkstraight,thereshouldbenoobviousbending,nodecaystempestsandmechanicaldamagethathaven'thealed.Branchesdistributedevenly,noplantdiseasesandinsectpests,evergreenleaves,leafcolorisnormal,goodrootsystemdevelopment,height,diameteratbreastheight,soilballconformtodesignspecificationsandqualityrequirements.

（2>灌木地质量标准.

（2>shrubsqualitystandards.

根系发达,生长茁壮,无病虫害,灌丛匀称,枝条分布合理,高度、冠幅、土球符合设计规格及质量要求.

Rootsystemdeveloped,growhealthyandstrong,noplantdiseasesandinsectpests,thicketswell-balanced,rationaldistributionofbranches,height,crownamplitude,soilballconformtodesignspecificationsandqualityrequirements.

4.2挖种植穴、种植槽

4.2digthehole,plantinggroove

种植穴地规格应视土质情况和苗木土球大小而定,青临高速公路沿线地土质多以贫瘠地砂性土为主,需进行客土更换,所以种植穴地规格比常规要求要大.施工中挖树穴地直径和深度较根系和土球直径加大20—30cm.挖种植穴、槽上下口径大小要一致,挖出地表土和底土、好土、坏土分