初中定语从句复习专项.docx
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定语从句
关系词：
1.代词的用法：
that
人/物
主/宾/表
which
物
主/宾/表
who
人
主/宾/表
whom
人
宾
whose+n.
一起构成从句的主语
2.副词的用法：
where
表地点（具体+抽象）
when
表时间
why
表原因
1.关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后作介词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。
如:
Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'shealth
先行词主语谓语宾语
定语从句修饰先行词
who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
句意:
医生就是照顾人们身体健康的人。
（1）下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引|导,不能用which引导：
①当先行词是all,itle,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。
如
Isthereanythingthatyoudon'tunderstand?
你有不懂的地方吗?
Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.
汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
②当先行词前面有theonly,thelast等修饰时。
如
ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind这是我能找到的唯一一本书。
③当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
如
ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveever这是我读过的最好的书。
④当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。
如
Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?
哪一个是你最喜欢的旅馆?
（2）关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以放在which,whom之前,构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
如：
I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIJoinedtheclub.
我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。
3）that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。
如：
Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?
正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?
Allwhohaveseenthefilmweremoved.看过这部电影的人都被感动了。
2.关系副词的用法
（1）when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
如
IstillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfromNo8MiddleSchool.
我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。
（2）why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。
如
Wedon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.
我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。
（3）where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
如
ThatistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.那是我三年前就读的学校。
练一练
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was
founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
10.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
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