高中英语动名词与现在分词用法的区别必修4.docx
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高中英语动名词与现在分词用法的区别必修4
高中英语-动名词与现在分词用法的区别必修4
动词的-ing形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。
动词的-ing形式何时为动名词，何时为现在分词。
首先，我们要从概念上区分。
动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词或副词时，称为现在分词。
其次，我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。
一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。
1．动名词用作主语.
ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit.阅读法文比讲法语容易。
Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.和他说话等于对牛弹琴。
2．有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面
It’sniceseeingyouagain.再次见到你太好了。
Itwastiringdrivingfrommorningtillnight.从早到晚开车很累人。
3.“Thereis+no”后可以用动名词作主语
Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.他能做什么很难说。
Therewasnoarguingwithher.没法和她争论。
二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。
1．有许多动词可接动名词作宾语
Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.我建议结束会议。
Soyoupreferlivingabroad?
这样说你更愿意住在国外？
2．有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语
Hehasgivenupplayingfootball.他现在不踢足球了。
Priceskeeponincreasing.价格不断上涨。
三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。
现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.
我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。
（表时间）
Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagements.
我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。
（表原因）
Havingmoney,hewillbuyabiggercar.（表条件）
Knowingthesecret,shewouldnottellmeaboutit..（表让步）
Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.
那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了.（表结果）
Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.他靠墙站着.（表方式或伴随情况）
四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing的作用相当于名词时为动名词。
当动词的-ing的作用相当于形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词。
1．动名词用作表语
Herhobbyispainting.她的爱好是绘画。
Herjobwastendingthesheep.她的工作是放羊。
2．现在分词用作表语
Thenewsisencouraging.这消息令人鼓舞。
Thisstoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很有趣。
五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语
现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即:
现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。
通常能改为一个定语从句。
动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，或用途或功能.两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。
因此，只能改为一个for加动名词的短语。
1．动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。
swimmingpool游泳池drinkingwater饮用水swimmingsuit游泳衣waitingroom候车sleepingbag睡袋parkinglot停车场sleepingpill安眠药writingdesk写字桌sewingmachine缝纫机writingpaper信纸operatingtable手术室checkingaccount活期账divingsuit潜水衣readingroom阅览室divingboard跳板playingground运动场washingmachine洗衣机boxingcompetition拳击比赛washingpowder洗衣粉speakingcontest演讲比赛fishingpole钓鱼杆fishingline钓鱼线
2．现在分词作定语
developingcountries发展中国家aboomingtown日渐繁荣的城镇growingdoubts越来越大的怀疑theexistingcondition现有条件theremainingdays剩下的岁月lastingpeace持久的和平afallingstar流星theleadingnewspapers主要报纸therulingclass统治阶级livingthings有生命的东西theageingpopulation老化的人口therisinggeneration成长的一代
六、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语，但现在分词用作宾语补语时，与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。
具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词，如：
smell,observe,watch,notice,lookat,listento等。
另外，有些使役动词如have,set,get,catch,keep,leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。
还有，作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as，前面的动词多用regard,consider,describe,see,thinkof等。
现在分词用作主语补语，多用在被动结构中，与主语构成复合主语。
而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。
1．动名词用作补语
IcallthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。
（robbing是宾语补语）
Thisiscalledturningthingsupsidedown.这叫做把事物颠倒了。
（turning是主语补语）
2．现在分词用作补语
Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus.我们发现他等着欢迎我们。
Wekeptthefireburningallthetime.我们使火一直燃烧着。
现在分词和动名词练习
（1）现在分词
1.Theoldfarmer,________thebadly-injuredandwoundedsoldier,cameoutofthe
burninghouse,________forhelp.
A.supporting;callingB.supportedby;called
C.beingsupportedby;calledD.beingsupporting;called
2.---Oh,it’salreadyaquarterpastsix.Whatshallwedoatthemeetingthisevening?
----We’llgoonwiththematter________thisafternoon.
A.bediscussed B.beingdiscussingC.discussed D.whichdiscussed
3.Thebravemandied,________hisyoungwifenothingbuta________cottage.
A.left;breaking B.leaving;broken
C.left;broken D.toleave;breaking
4.________hardbefore,Tomisafraidoffailingintheexam.
A.Havingbeenworked B.Nottohaveworked
C.Havingneverworked D.Neverhaveworked
5.________theexam,theboywaspunishedbyhisfather.
A.Nopassing B.Havingpassed
C.Notpassing D.Nothavingpassed
6.Time________,Icanhavedoneitbetter.
A.permit B.bepermitted C.permitting D.topermit
7.________,theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.
A.Sincethekeyhaslost B.Thekeybeenlost
C.Lostthekey D.Havinglostthekey
8.________intomanylanguages,thestoryiswellknownallovertheworldnow.
A.Beingtranslated B.Havingtranslated
C.Tobetranslated D.Havingbeentranslated
9.________fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousand
wasatalosswhattodo.
A.Havingblamed B.Toblame C.Beingtobeblame D.Beingtoblame
10.________fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicine
withhimwhereverhegoes.
A.Suffered B.Tosuffer C.Havingsuffered D.Beingsuffered
11.________fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.
A.Judging B.Judged C.Tojudge D.Judge
12.________withfright,ahungryfoxhidhimselfinasmallcave,________histailto
therain.
A.Trembling;exposing B.Trembled;exposed
C.Trembled;exposing D.Trembling;exposed
13.Manyteacherswerepraisedatthemeeting,Mr.Zhou________.
A.including B.beingincluding C.toinclude D.included
14.----Whowerethosepeoplewiththeflags?
----Agroup________itselftheLeagueofPeace.
A.calls B.calling C.called D.beingcalled
15.________youthetruth,sheknowsnothingaboutit.
A.Tell B.Telling C.Totell D.Told
16.Wesleptwiththelight________allnightlonglastnight.
A.burnt B.toburn C.beingburnt D.burning
17.Lindacan’tattendtheparty________atTom’shouseatpresentbecausesheis
preparingaspeechfortheparty________atMarie’shousetomorrow.
A.beingheld;tobeheld B.tobeheld;held
C.held;beingheld D.tobeheld;tobeheld
18.Thesituationismore________thanever.I’m________aboutwhattodonext.
A.puzzled;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzling
C.puzzling;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzling
19.When________thatitwasgettinglate,Iputoffthelightandwenttobed.
A.findB.findingC.foundD.tofind
20.________hermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.
A.HearingB.Havingheard
C.Whenhearing D.Whensheheard
21.Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_______fun.
A.had B.have C.tohave D.having
22.Don'tleavethewater_____whileyoubrushyourteeth.
A.run B.running C.beingrun D.torun
23.Thepicture_________onthewallispaintedbymynephew.
A.havinghung B.hanging C.hangs D.beinghung
24.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.
A.goingon B.goeson C.wenton D.togoon
25.______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsand
animalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.
A.Beingseparated B.Havingseparated
C.Havingbeenseparated D.Tobeseparated
26.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.
A. smoke B.smoking C.tosmoke D.smoked
27.HesentmeanE-mail,_______togetfurtherinformation.
A.hoped B.hoping C.tohope D.hope
key:
1-5.ACBCD6-10CDDDC11-15AADBC
16-20DACBD21-27DBBACBB
（2）动名词
1.Nooneenjoys_______at.
A.laughing B.tolaugh C.beinglaughed D.tobelaughed
2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse_______ .
A.tobebrokenin B.frombeingbrokenin
C.tobreakin D.frombreakingin
3.Theyinsistedon_______anotherchancetotry.
A.given B.giving C.beinggiven D.tobegiven
4.—Whereismypassport?
Iremember_______ithere.
—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember_______itwithyouallthetime.
A.toput;totake B.putting;taking
C.putting;totake D.toput;taking
5.Hisroomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit.
A.painting;painted B.painted;painting
C.painting;painting D.painted;painted
6.Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewenton_______alettertohisparents.
A.write B.writing C.wrote D.towrite
7.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire_______withgreatcare.
A.lookingafter B.tolookafter
C.tobelookedafter D.takengoodcareof
8.Only_______Englishdoesn'tmean_______thelanguage.
A.tolearn;tolearn B.learning;learning
C.learningabout;learn D.learningabout;learning
9.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_______.
A.missed B.tobemissing C.missing D.tobemissed
10.Shedecidedtodevoteherself_______theproblemofoldage.
A.tostudy B.studying C.tostudying D.study
11.Remember_______thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.
A.puttingback B.putback C.toputbackD.beputback
12.Assheislookingforwardto_______fromme,pleaseremember______thisletter
onyourwaytoschool.
A.hear;post B.hearing;topost
C.beheard;postingD.behearing;toposting
13.Grandmasaidthatshehadalotoftrouble_______yourhandwriting.
A.toread B.tosee C.reading C.inseeing
14.Writingstoriesandarticles_______whatIenjoymost.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
15.Weappreciate_______ustotheball.
A.themtoinvite B.toinvite C.theirinvitingD.beinginvited
16.Wouldyoumind_______quietforamoment?
I'mtrying_______aform.
A.keeping;fillingout B.tokeep;tofillout
C.keeping;tofillout D.tokeep;fillingout
17.Hewasafraid_______forbeinglate.
A.ofseeing B.ofbeingseen C.tobeseen D.tohaveseen
18.I'dliketosuggest_______themeetingtillnextweek.
A.toputoff B.puttingoff C.putoff D.tobeputoff
19.Idon'tseehowIcouldpossiblymanage_______theworkwithout .
A.finish;helping B.tofinish;beinghelped
C.finishing
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