《交通设计手册》第八章智能交通系统翻译.docx

《交通设计手册》第八章智能交通系统翻译.docx

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《交通设计手册》第八章智能交通系统翻译

专业英语翻译文献摘自《交通设计手册》

第八章智能交通系统

CHAPTER8INTELLIGENTTRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMS

8.0INTRODUCTION

ThisChapteroftheTennesseeDepartmentofTransportationTrafficDesignManualwillbeusedtoaddresspolicies,guidelines,standardprocedures,etc.relatedtoIntelligentTransportationSystems（ITS）andtheSystemsEngineeringAnalysis（SEA）documentation.

TDOT'sIntelligentTransportationSystemisreferredtoastheTDOTSmartWay.Itisdesignedtoreducetrafficcongestionbydecreasingincidentclearancetime,increasesafetybydecreasingthenumberofsecondaryaccidents,and,workingalongsideourincidentmanagementprogram（HELP）,improvingemergencyresponsetotrafficsituations.TDOTSmartWayusescamerastomonitorthehighwaysfromTrafficManagementCenters,sensorstogaugetrafficflow,largeelectronicmessagesignstosendurgenttrafficnoticestodriversalongthehighwaysandtheHighwayAdvisoryRadiosystemtoalertmotoristsofimportantinformation.Nashville,Knoxville,Memphis,andChattanoogahavefullyintegratedTDOTSmartWaysystems.

TDOTSmartWayadvancedinformationtechnologiestakemanyformssuchas:

RoadwayTrafficSensorstoreporttrafficcounts,speedandtraveltime;

CameraVideoSurveillancetomonitorfreewaytrafficflowsandprovide

improvedincidentmanagementcapabilities;

DynamicMessageSignstoprovidereal-timetraffic,construction,andweather

informationtomotorists,aswellasprovideinformationonAmberAlerts;

HighwayAdvisoryRadiotoprovideurgentreal-timetraffic,construction,and

weatherinformationtomotoristsviaAMradio,aswellasprovideinformationonAmberAlerts;

HELPFreewayServicePatrolstoreducecongestionbyremovingminorincidentsinatimelyfashion;

TransportationManagementCenters（TMC）serveasacentrallocationfor

trafficmanagementoperationsandcommunicationsintheirrespectiveRegions;

IncidentManagementtodetect,verify,andrespondtoincidentsinanefficient

mannerandmanagetrafficconditionsaroundtheincidentsite;

ConstructionInformationisprovidedtoadvisemotoriststravelingthroughconstructionsites;

TDOTSmartWayInformationSystem（TSIS）isasystemcommunicatingdata

fromTDOTSmartWaydevicestoacentrallocationanddistributingthattransportationinformationtomotoristsandotherinterestedpartiesbeforeandwhilemakingtrips.InformationisdistributedviaTDOT'sWebsiteandthroughthe

media.TDOTalsoprovidesmotoristinformationonTennessee511,acomponentofTDOTSmartWay.

InformationonWeather-RelatedRoadConditionsinformstravelerswhereproblemsmayexistonanystateroadduetosevereweatherconditions.

WhilethepotentialofITSissignificant,deploymentandoperationofthesesystemsrequiresspecializedcoordination,design,devicespecifications,procurement/construction,operationsmanagement,andmaintenance.TheTDOTDesignDivisionshallprovideimplementationplansforITSandpoliciesforITSoperation.

8.123CFR940COMPLIANCE

8.1.1INTRODUCTIONANDSCOPE

TheserequirementsapplytoFederalAidprojects,asrequiredbyFederalHighwayAdministration,DepartmentofTransportation23CFRPart940.State-fundedprojectswillfollowthesameprocessforconsistency.

Inaccordancewith23CFR940,ITSprojectsfundedthroughthehighwaytrustfundshallconformtotheNationalITSArchitectureandapplicablestandards.23CFR940alsostipulatesthat“conformancewiththeNationalITSArchitectureis

interpretedtomeantheuseoftheNationalITSArchitecturetodevelopaRegionalITSArchitecture,asapplicable,andthesubsequentadherenceofallITSprojectstothatRegionalITSArchitecture.”ThischapteroutlinestheTDOTproceduresfor

implementingtheserequirements.Thelevelofdocumentationshouldbecommensuratewiththeprojectscope.

8.1.2GENERALCRITERIA

Inaccordancewith23CFR940.3,anITSprojectis“anyprojectthatinwholeor

inpartfundstheacquisitionoftechnologiesorsystemsoftechnologiesthatprovideorsignificantlycontributetotheprovisionofoneormoreITSuserservicesasdefinedintheNationalITSArchitecture”.AnyreferencetotheITSArchitectureinthisdocumentreferstoStatewideandRegionalArchitectures.ThefollowingrequireddocumentationshallbecompletedbystaffthathasqualifiedITSexperience.TheyshallhavecompletedaSystemsEngineeringAnalysisonatleast（3）projects,includingatleastoneprojectthatmeetsthehighrisklevelcriteria.

InTennessee,aprojectwouldbeconsideredtobeanITSprojectifitmeetsanyofthefollowing:

Itrequirestheintegrationofmultipleseparatesystems;

Itisaprojectthathassignificantpotentialtoinvolvetheintegrationoftechnologiesonamulti-jurisdictionallevel;

Itreplacesexistingorinstallsnewcentrallycontrolledsoftware.

ITSProjectsmaybeeitherHighRisk,LowRisk,orExemptITSProjects.TheSEAdevelopmentprocessisdifferentforeachcategory.

ThefollowingdescribesthecategoriesofITSprojectsinTennessee:

HighRisk,

LowRisk,andExempt.Thedecisivefactorinthisdeterminationisthescaleandcomplexityoftheproject.TrafficSignalprojectsarethemostcommonscalesensitiveprojects.ThenatureoftheengineeringdevelopmentforITSprojectsimpliesagreaterriskanduncertaintiestosuccessfulcompletion.Projectriskmaybedefinedintermsofschedule,cost,quality,andrequirements.TheseriskscanincreaseordecreasesignificantlybasedonseveralidentifiedfactorsassociatedwithITSprojects.

Thefactorsare:

Numberofjurisdictionsandmodes;

Extentofsoftwarecreation;

Extentofprovenhardwareandcommunicationstechnologyused;Numberandcomplexityofnewinterfacestoothersystems;Levelofdetailinrequirementsanddocumentation;Levelofdetailinoperatingproceduresanddocumentation;Servicelifeoftechnologyappliedtoequipmentandsoftware.

Genericcriteriaforthedeterminationofriskareshowninthelistbelow.Technology:

functionsarenotfullyidentified,userinterfacenotright,unrealistictechnicalrequirements,componentshortcomings;People:

personnelshortfalls;

PhysicalEnvironment:

externaldependencies,deviceplacement;

PoliticalEnvironment:

addingrequirementsthatarenottiedtoaneed,doyouhaveachampion;

ContractIssues:

unrealisticschedulesandbudgets,requirementschange;AdditionalRiskFactorsareshowninTable8.1.

8.1.3HIGHRISKITSPROJECTS

AHighRiskITSprojectisanITSprojectthatimplementspartofaregionalITSinitiativethatismultijurisdictional,multi-modal,orotherwiseaffectsregionalintegrationofITS.Multi-jurisdictionaldoesnotnecessarilymeanthataprojectwithterminiinmorethanonecityisHighRiskITS.ThekeycriteriaisTS“RegionalI

initiative.”

HighRiskITSprojectshaveone（ormore）ofthefollowingcharacteristics:

Multi-JurisdictionalorMulti-modal;

Customsoftwareisrequired;HardwareandCommunicationsare“cu-ettdingge”ornotincommonuse;

Newinterfacestoothersystemsarerequired;

Systemrequirementsnotdetailedornotfullydocumented;Operatingproceduresnotdetailedornotfullydocumented;Technologyservicelifeshortensprojectlife-cycle.

ThefollowingareexamplesofHighRiskITSprojects:

TDOTSmartWay（ifadditionalfunctionalityistobeadded）;TrafficSignalsystemsscopedtobecentrallycontrolled（ClosedloopsystemsareNOTcentralcontrolsystems）;

TrafficsignalprojectsthatrequiretheintegrationofsignalsystemswithTDOTSmartWay,anArterialManagementSystem,orRWISsystems;

AnITSsystemthatinvolvesmultiplepoliticaljurisdictions;

RegionalTransitSystems;

TransitSignalPrioritySystems.

8.1.4LOWRISKITSPROJECTS

Low-RiskITSprojectsareoftenreferredtoasITSinfrastructureexpansionprojects.

LowRiskITSprojectswillhaveallofthefollowingcharacteristics:

Singlejurisdictionandsingletransportationmode（highway,transit,orrail）;

Nosoftwarecreation—commercial-off-the-shelf（COTS）orprovensoftware;

ProvenCOTShardware&communicationstechnology;

Nonewinterfaces;

Systemrequirementsfullydetailedinwriting;

Operatingproceduresfullydetailedinwriting;

Projectlife-cyclenotshortenedbytechnologyservicelife.

ThefollowingareexamplesofLowRiskITSprojects:

Trafficsignalswithemergencyvehiclepreemption;

RoadwayWeatherInformationSystem（RWIS）;

ParkingManagementSystems;

Varioussurveillanceorcontrolsystemsthatcouldfunctionallybeintegrated

intoaFreewayManagementSystem;

Expandingexistingcommunicationssystems—thisconsistsofextending

existingfiber-opticorwirelesscommunicationssystems,usingthesametechnologyandspecificationsasthepreexistingsystem;

Leasingturnkeyservicesonly（e.g.,website-basedinformationservice）—withnohardwareorsoftwarepurchases.

8.1.5EXEMPTITSPROJECTS

ExemptITSprojectsdonotrequireaSystemsEngineeringAnalysis（SEA）.Allactivitiesofthetraditionalroadwayprojectdevelopmentlife-cycleprocesswillbefollowed.NofurtherITS-specificactionisnecessary.

ExemptITSprojectscanbeclassifiedintotwocategories:

AnexemptITSprojectisonethatdoesnotusefederalfunding;

ITSSystemexpansionsthatdonotaddnewfunctionality.Inotherwords,aprojectthatbyitselfmayhavebeenconsideredhighorlowrisk,butifthescopeoftheprojectsimplyexpandsthissystemitcanbeconsideredExempt.

ThefollowingareexamplesofExemptITSprojects:

Upgradestoanexistingtrafficsignal—Thismayinclude,forexample,addingorrevisingleftturnphasingorotherphasing,addingpedestrian-crossingdisplays;

Installingan“isolated”trafficThsisgnisalasignaln—otconnectedtoanytypeofexternalsignal-controlsystem,norlik