非谓语动词ppt 公开课PPT课件优质PPT.ppt
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不受主语的人称和数的限制。
Helikestosing.Theyliketosing.,Themanwalkinginfrontwascarryingabook.Themenwalkinginfrontwerecarryingbooks.,tododoingdoing(分词)tobedonebeingdonebeingdone,tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone,tohavebeendone,havingbeendone,havingbeendone,tobedoing,tohavebeendoing,1todo短语作主语Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.常用句式有:
1、It+be+名词+todo。
2、Ittakessb.+sometime+todo。
3、It+be+形容词+ofsb+todo。
4、It+be+形容词+forsb.+todo。
常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
例如,Todo作主语Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.Tolearnfromothersisveryimportant.,Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithher.Itisveryimportanttolearnfromothers.,2.作表语,Herwishistobecomeafamoussinger.Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.,3.作宾语,Hewishestogoabroadtohaveafurtherstudy.Wehavedecidedtogivethemahand.IwanttowatchTV.常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:
want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,IwasthefirstwomantotravelaloneattheNorthpole.Shanghaiisthefirstcityintheworldtohavebuiltahighspeedmaglevtrain.,4.作定语,5Todo作状语,表目的:
Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
wrong:
Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right:
Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.,表结果:
Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.Afewyearslaterhecamehometofindhishometownchanged.Ihurriedtothepostoffice,onlytofinditwasclosed.表原因:
Theywereverysadtohearthenews.表程度:
Itstoodarkforustoseeanything.Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.,6.作宾补,在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如Iwantyoutowashthecar.下动词常跟这种复合宾语:
want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.Herwonderfulcareerinspiresmanypeopletobelievesuccessiswithinreachforeveryone.Whattheteachersaidencouragedustotryourbestatourwork,有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to,如:
Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.,
(二)动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1动名词的形式:
(1)一般式:
Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。
(2)被动式:
Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:
Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:
HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式:
not+动名词Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:
物主代词(或名词所有格)+动名词Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建议我们再试一次。
HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2动名词的句法功能,
(1)作主语:
Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。
Collectingstampsisinteresting.集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语Itsnousequarrelling.争吵是没用的.Workinginacompanyismywish.hosingwhattoeatisnolongeraseasyasitoncewas.,
(2)作表语:
1Intheantcity,thequeensjobislayingeggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
2Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingthehandincirclesoverthestomachafterameal.3MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.,(3)作宾语:
Theyhaventfinishedbuildingthedam.他们还没有建好大坝。
Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。
此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我们发现取笑他人不好。
IpreferwatchingTVandplayingcomputergames.要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免),excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承认),deny(否认),mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒险),appreciate(感激),bebusy,beworth,feellike,cantstand,canthelp(情不自禁地),thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent(from),keepfrom,stop(from),protectfrom,setabout,beengagedin,spend(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike,(4)作定语:
Hecantwalkwithoutawalking-stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。
Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?
你们学校有游泳池吗?
Eatinghabitsbecomepartofwhoweare.Theywanttogotothereadingroomthisafternoon.,三.分词的用法(现在分词/过去分词),现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.过去分词只有一种形式:
规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。
不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
三.分词的用法(现在分词/过去分词),1.作表语(具有形容词的特征),Thisbookisveryinteresting.Thisplayisverymovingandinstructive.Thecupsarebroken./Heismarried.,比较:
Thespiritisinspiringthepeoplealloverthecountry.Hisreportisinspiring.,2.作定语,Oprahwinfreyisablackwoman,whorisestofamewithaninspiringstory.Itisaseven-dayfestivalcelebratingthecultureandhistoryofAfricanAmerican.stherewasanothercarcomingintheotherdirection.,Wealsomakechoicesbasedonhowtheproductsaregrownormade.Perhapsthebestexampleofuniversallyunderstoodbodylanguageisthesmile.,3.作状语,Lyingontheice,Iwouldsoondie.(时间)Istruggledtomyknees,knowingthatsomehowIhadtoputmytentupforshelter.(伴随)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimaorphan.(结果)HavingrealizedthatIcoulduseakitetoattractlightning,Idecidedtodoanexperiment.(分词的完成时态作时间状语).,Heated,icebeginstomelt.Inspiredbythespiritofthehero,theyworkedevenharder.,Pressingonespalmstogetherandrestingonesheadonthebackofoneshandwhileclosingtheeyesasifsleeping.means“Iamtired,”Whenaskedthequestion,Igaveaclearandexactanswer.Ifinvited,Iwillgotothepartytogetherwithyou.,如果强调分词短语所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作同时发生。
分词短语前用when、while。
4.作宾补,Othernutrientshelpkeepourbodyfunctioningwell.Withtheworkdone,wewentouttoplay.Wefoundthestudentsreadingoutside.Wefoundourhometowncompletelychanged.,非谓语动词的否定式:
“not+todo/doing/done”构成,Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.Shestartedearlysoasnottobelate.,现在分词和过去分词的区别,1.语态上不同,anexcitingstory/anexcitedpersonamovingfilm/amovedaudiencealeadingcadre/anunknownheroatiringjourney/atiredfootballplayer,分词在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补。
2.时间关系上不同,developingcountries/developedcountriesthechangingworld/thechangedworldboilingwater/boiledwaterthefallingleaves/thefallenleaves,注意:
.todo和doing作主语和表语用法相同。
表示泛指意义的行为时多用动名词(也可用todo)但表示具体的行为(特别是将来的行为)时,必须用todo。
主语和表语都是非谓语动词时,两者在形式上应该一致。
Seeingisbelieving。
/Toseeistobelieve。
Hishobbyiscollectingstamps。
Herwishistobecomeasinger。
2.动名词作宾语时,在意义上比较一般和抽象,时间观念不强,不指某一次动作。
动词不定式作宾语常表示某个具体动作。
Helikesswimming,buthedoesntliketoswimtoday.,只能跟todo的动词,want、wish、hope、expect、decide、agree、manage、promise、pretend,只能跟动名词的动词,enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、risk、suggest、escape、practise、insiston、giveup,二者皆可无区别,begin、start、like、hate、prefer、continue、intend,二者皆可但有区别,stop、remember、forget、try、regret、mean,Exercise,Those_thechildrenfromabroadwillcometotheheadmastersoffice?
A.teachingB.teachC.whoteachesD.Whoteaching,2.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghungniece侄女,3.WhenthefirstEnglishsettlersarrivedintheNewWorld,theIndians_jewellerymadeofanimalbonesgreetedthemwarmly.A.wearingB.towearC.wornD.havingworn,4.Therearehundredsofvisitors_infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGoghspaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait,7.Victorapologizedfor_toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable,8.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30000andanallexpenses_vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid,9.MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,_advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentaken,10._intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput,