精神医学名词解释(英文)Word下载.doc

精神医学名词解释(英文)Word下载.doc

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akindofdisturbancesofconsciousness.Acuteconfusionalstateisanorganically-causeddeclineofconsciousnesslevel,likebrainorganicdisorder,infected,brainsinjuryorsevereunbalanceofelectrolyte.Itinvolvesothercognitivedeficits,disturbancesofbehavior,perceptualdeficits,alteredsleep-wakecycle,andpsychoticfeaturessuchashallucinationsanddelusions.thesymptomislightinthedaytimeandsevereatnight.

Dementia:

isakindofsevereandcontinuouscognitivedisorders.thesyndromearecharacterizedbygeneralizedimpairmentofintellect,memory,andpersonality,withnoimpairmentofconsciousness.thecommoncausesarealzheimer.Theonsetisgradualmostlyandthecourseislong,soitisalsocalledchronicbrainsyndrome.

Hallucination：

isaperceptionexperiencedintheabsenceofanexternalstimulustothecorrespondingsenseorgan.Pseudohallucination:

noexternalstimuli,aninvoluntaryandnovividenoughsensoryexperienceformsinthesubjects.

illusion:

isamisperceptionofanexternalstimulus,anillusiondescribesamisinterpretationofatruesensation.Forexample,hearingvoicesregardlessoftheenvironmentwouldbeahallucination,whereashearingvoicesinthesoundofrunningwater（orotherauditorysource）wouldbeanillusion.

Gansersyndromeisararedissociativedisorderpreviously.Itischaracterizedbynonsensicalorwronganswerstoquestionswhichcanbeunderstanded,whichseemsliketobedeliberate.Otherdissociativesymptomssuchasfugue,amnesiaorconversiondisorder,disorientationintimeandspace.

Obsession:

recurrentthoughts,aideaorimpulsion.Thoughthepatientsknowthesearewrong,unnecessary,unreasonable,theycannotovercomeanddisencumber.Symptomsincludeobsessionalthoughts,ruminations,doubts,impulsesorwill,reminiscence,ect.

Stuporisthelackofcriticalcognitivefunctionandalevelofconsciousnesswhereinasuffererisalmostentirelyunresponsivetostimuli.Apersonisalsorigidandmute,urinaryandstoolretentionandonlyliketobeconsciousastheeyesareopenandfollowsurroundingobjects.

Schizophreniacomprisesagroupofpsychoticdisordersofunknownspecificetiologyoftenpresentedwithagradualonsetofabnormalitiesinperception,thought,motionandbehaviorsinceyoungadulthood.Consciousnessisusuallymaintained.Intelligenceisintact,thereissomedegreeofcognitiveimpairment.Thenaturalcourseofthedisorderischronicremittingbutsometimesdeteriorating.

4A症状：

Associationdisorder（联想障碍）Affectiveblunting（apathy）情感迟钝Ambivalence（矛盾观念）Autism（内向性）Schneider一级症状：

Audiblethoughts（思维化声）Voicesarguingordiscussing（争论性幻听）Voicescommenting（评论性幻听）Somaticpassivityexperiences（躯体被动体验）affectpassivityexperiences（情感被动体验）Thoughtwithdrawal（思维被夺）Thoughtinsertion（思维插入）Thoughtbroadcastingordiffusion（思维被广播或扩散）Delusionalperceptions（妄想性知觉）madevolition,madeaffect,andmadeimpulses（被强加的意志、情感、冲动）

ECT适应症：

严重抑郁，有强烈自伤、自杀企图及行为者，以及明显自责自罪者（最佳适应症：

高自杀危险、抑郁性木僵）；

极度兴奋躁动冲动伤人者（当严重躁狂发作而药物治疗见效慢或疗效不佳时，应首选ECT）；

拒食、违拗和紧张性木僵者；

精神药物治疗无效或对药物治疗不能耐受者

EPS:

急性肌张力障碍:

扭转痉挛,动眼危象,角弓反张,肌注东莨菪碱0.3mg;

静坐不能：

不宁腿，伴明显焦虑，想死；

安坦2-4mg/天;

类帕金森综合征：

震颤，肌张力增高，运动减少；

迟发性运动障碍（TD）：

不自主节律运动、舞蹈样动作,