物流词汇Word格式文档下载.docx

物流词汇Word格式文档下载.docx

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　　4、编印15种国际民航语言。

　　5、鼓励各国改进飞机的性能。

　　6、在联运、票价、表格和单据统一等方面，也做了一些工作。

二、国际航空运输协会（InternationalAirTransportAssociation,IATA，http:

//www.iata.org/）

　　国际航空运输协会是各国航空运输企业之间的联合组织，会员必须是国际民用航空组织成员国的空运企业。

三、国际货物发运人协会（TheInternationalFederationofFreightForwardersAssociation,FIATA）

　　成立于1926年。

它的会员不仅限于货运代理企业，还包括海关、船舶代理、空运代理、仓库业和汽车运输业等，因为这些部门都是国际运输的一部分。

现在FIATA已有50多个正式会员和1000个以上的联系会员，它的业务活动遍及世界上125个国家的从事运输工作的3500个公司。

它本身不是一个营利性质的组织，它的任务是协助各国的货运代理组织和同行业联合起来，在各种国际会议中代表货物发运人的利益。

　　FIATA下设十个技术委员会，其中之一为航空学会。

它的主要任务是促进和维护货运代理在航空货运方面的利益以及协调在世界范围内各国货运代理协会的活动。

空运管理术语解释

Acronym

Meaning

AAR

AirportAcceptanceRateorAirportArrivalRate.Thenumberofarrivalsanairportiscapableofacceptingeachhour.

ACorA/C

Aircraft

ADZY

Advisory

ARPT

Airport

ARSR

AirRouteSurveillanceRadar.AirRouteTrafficControlCenter（ARTCC）radarusedprimarilytodetectanddisplayanaircraft'

spositionwhileenroutebetweenterminalareas.TheARSRenablescontrollerstoprovideradarairtrafficcontrolservicewhenaircraftarewithintheARSRcoverage.Insomeinstances,ARSRmayenableanARTCCtoprovideterminalradarservicessimilartobutusuallymorelimitedthanthoseprovidedbyaradarapproachcontrol.

ARTCC

AirRouteTrafficControlCenter.AfacilityestablishedtoprovideairtrafficcontrolservicetoaircraftoperatingonIFRflightplanswithincontrolledairspaceandprincipallyduringtheenroutephaseofflight.Whenequipmentcapabilitiesandcontrollerworkloadpermit,certainadvisory/assistanceservicesmaybeprovidedtoVFRaircraft.Thereare20ARTCCsinthecontinentalU.S.

ASR

AirportSurveillanceRadar.Approachcontrolradarusedtodetectanddisplayanaircraft'

spositionintheterminalarea.ASRprovidesrangeandazimuthinformationbutdoesnotprovideelevationdata.CoverageoftheASRcanextendupto60miles.

ATC

AirTrafficControl.Aserviceoperatedbyappropriateauthoritytopromotethesafe,orderlyandexpeditiousflowofairtraffic.

ATCSCC

AirTrafficControlSystemCommandCenter

ATCT

AirportTrafficControlTower.Aterminalfacilitythatusesair/groundcommunications,visualsignaling,andotherdevicestoprovideATCservicestoaircraftoperatinginthevicinityofanairportoronthemovementarea.AuthorizesaircrafttolandortakeoffattheairportcontrolledbythetowerortotransittheClassDairspacearearegardlessofflightplanorweatherconditions（IFRorVFR）.Atowermayalsoprovideapproachcontrolservices（radarornonradar）.

CDM

CollaborativeDecisionMaking.Cooperativeeffortbetweenthevariouscomponentsofaviationtransportation,bothgovernmentandindustry,toexchangeinformationforbetterdecisionmaking.

CDR

CodedDepartureRoutes.Predefinedroutesusedtorouteairtrafficaroundareasofsevereweather.

CIGS

Ceilings.Theheightabovethegroundofthebaseofthelowestlayerofcloudswhenoverhalfoftheskyisobscured.

CLSD

Closed

EDCT

ExpectDepartureClearanceTime.Timeissuedtoaflighttoindicatewhenitcanexpecttoreceivedepartureclearance.EDCTsareissuedaspartofTrafficManagementPrograms,suchasaGroundDelayProgram（GDP）.

EMERG

Emergency

EQUIP

Equipment

FSM

FlightScheduleMonitor.AtoolusedbyAirTrafficManagementSpecialiststomonitorairtrafficdemandatairports.

FSS

FlightServiceStation.Airtrafficfacilitieswhichprovidepilotbriefing,enroutecommunicationsandVFRsearchandrescueservices,assistlostaircraftandaircraftinemergencysituations,relayATCclearances,originateNoticestoAirmen,broadcastaviationweatherandNASinformation,receiveandprocessIFRflightplans,andmonitorNAVAIDs.Inaddition,atselectedlocations,FSSsprovideEnRouteFlightAdvisoryService（FlightWatch）,takeweatherobservations,issueairportadvisories,andadviseCustomsandImmigrationoftransborderflights.

GDP

GroundDelayProgram.GroundDelayProgramsareimplementedtocontrolairtrafficvolumetoairportswheretheprojectedtrafficdemandisexpectedtoexceedtheairport'

sacceptancerateforalengthyperiodoftime.Lengthyperiodsofdemandexceedingacceptanceratearenormallyaresultoftheairport'

sacceptanceratebeingreducedforsomereason.Themostcommonreasonforareductioninacceptancerateisadverseweathersuchaslowceilingsandvisibility.

Howitworks:

FlightsthataredestinedtotheaffectedairportareissuedExpectDepartureClearanceTimes（EDCT）attheirpointofdeparture.FlightsthathavebeenissuedEDCTsarenotpermittedtodepartuntiltheirExpectDepartureClearanceTime.TheseECDTsarecalculatedinsuchawayastometertheratethattrafficarrivesattheaffectedairport;

ensuringthatdemandisequaltoacceptancerate.ThelengthofdelaysthatresultfromtheimplementationofaGroundDelayProgramisafactoroftwothings;

howmuchgreaterthantheacceptanceratetheoriginaldemandwas,andforwhatlengthoftimetheoriginaldemandwasexpectedtoexceedtheacceptancerate.

GPS

GlobalPositioningSystem

GS

GroundStop.GroundStopsareimplementedforanumberofreasons.Themostcommonreasonsare:

Tocontrolairtrafficvolumetoairportswhentheprojectedtrafficdemandisexpectedtoexceedtheairport'

sacceptancerateforashortperiodoftime.

Totemporarilystoptrafficallowingfortheimplementationofalonger-termsolution,suchasaGroundDelayProgram.

Theaffectedairport'

sacceptanceratehasbeenreducedtozero.

FlightsthataredestinedtotheaffectedairportareheldattheirdeparturepointforthedurationoftheGroundStop.

IFR

InstrumentFlightRules.Asetofrulesgoverningtheconductofflightunderinstrumentmeteorologicalconditions.

ILS

InstrumentLandingSystem.Agroundbasedprecisionapproachsystemthatprovidescourseandverticalguidancetolandingaircraft.

LAADR

LowAltitudeAirwayDepartureRoute.

LAHSO

LandandHoldShortOperation.Operationswhichincludesimultaneoustakeoffsandlandingsand/orsimultaneouslandingswhenalandingaircraftisableandisinstructedbythecontrollertohold-shortoftheintersectingrunway/taxiwayordesignatedhold-shortpoint.Pilotsareexpectedtopromptlyinformthecontrolleriftheholdshortclearancecannotbeaccepted.

LOCIGS

LowCeilings.Lowclouds.

LOC

Localizer.ThecomponentofanILSthatprovidescourseguidancetotherunway.

MINIT

MinutesinTrail.Aspecifiedintervalbetweenaircraftexpressedintime.

MIT

MilesinTrail.Aspecifiedintervalbetweenaircraftexpressedinnauticalmiles.

MULTI-TAXI

Manyaircrafttryingtotaxiatonce,creatingcongestion.

N90

NewYorkTRACON

NAS

NationalAirspaceSystem.ThecommonnetworkofU.S.airspace;

airnavigationfacilities,equipmentandservices,airportsorlandingareas.

NAVAID

NavigationalAid.Anyvisualorelectronicdevice,airborneoronthesurface,whichprovidespoint-to-pointguidanceinformationorpositiondatatoaircraftinflight.

NM

NauticalMile.Internationalunitequalto6076.115feet（1852meters）.

NOTAM

NoticetoAirmen.Anoticecontaininginformation（notknownsufficientlyinadvancetopublicizebyothermeans）concerningtheestablishment,condition,orchangeinanycomponent（facility,service,orprocedureof,orhazardintheNationalAirspaceSystem）thetimelyknowledgeofwhichisessentialtopersonnelconcernedwithflightoperations.

NRP

NationalRoutePlan.TheNRPisasetofrulesandprocedureswhicharedesignedtoincreasetheflexibilityofuserflightplanningwithinpublishedguidelines.

OTS

Outofservice

RLSD

Released

RRTES

Reroutes

RWY

Runway

RWYCONFIG

RunwayConfiguration

RY

SPO

StrategicPlanofOperation.SeeSPT.

SPT

StrategicPlanningTeam.TheStrategicPlanningTeamactsasafocalpointforthedevelopmentofcollaborativeStrategicPlansofOperation.TheirgoalistoprovideadvancedplanninginformationforsystemusersandairtrafficfacilitiesinordertomaximizetheutilizationoftheNASinanorganizedandequitablemanner.

STMP

SpecialTrafficManagementProgram.Reservationprogramimplementedtoregulatearrivalsand/ordeparturesatairportsthatareinareashostingspecialeventssuchastheMastersGolfTournamentandIndianapolis500.

SVRWX

SevereWeather

SWAP

SevereWeatherAvoidancePlan.Anapprovedplantominimizetheaffectofsevereweatherontrafficflowsinimpactedterminaland/orARTCCareas.SWAPisnormallyimplementedtoprovidetheleastdisruptiontotheATCsystemwhenflightthroughportionsofairspaceisdifficultorimpossibleduetosevereweather.

TACAN

TacticalAirNavigationAid.Anultra-highfrequencyelectronicrho-thetaairnavigationaidwhichprovidessuitablyequippedaircraftacontinuousindicationofbearinganddistancetotheTACANstation.

TFC

Traffic

TRACON

TerminalRadarControlFacility.AterminalATCfacilitythatusesradarandnonradarcapabilitiestoprovideapproachcontrolservicestoaircraftarriving,departing,ortransitingairspacecontrolledbythefacility.

TSD

TrafficSituationDisplay.AtoolusedbyTrafficManagementSpecialiststomonitorthepositionofairtrafficandtodeterminethetrafficdemandonairportsandsectors.

TSTMS

Thunderstorms

UTC

CoordinatedUniversalTime（abbreviatedasUTC,andthereforeoftenspelledoutasUniversalTimeC