_- Maintenance Manual for Roadways and Bridges-American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (2007)资料下载.pdf

_- Maintenance Manual for Roadways and Bridges-American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (2007)资料下载.pdf

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MaintenanceManualforRoadwaysandBridges2007AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficialsAASHTOCopyright2007,bytheAmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials.AllRightsReserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thisbook,orpartsthereof,maynotbereproducedinanyformwithoutpermissionofthepublishers.ISBN:

@#@978-1-56051-376-6PublishedbytheAmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials444NorthCapitolStreet,N.W.Suite249Washington,DC20001（202）624-5800www.transportation.orgAmericanAssociationOfStateHighwayandTransportationOfficialsExecutiveCommittee20072008President:

@#@PeteRahn,MissouriVicePresident:

@#@AllenD.Biehler,P.E.,PennsylvaniaSecretary/Treasurer:

@#@CarlosBraceras,UtahRegionalRepresentativesRegionIDavidCole,Maine,One-YearTermKrisKolluri,NewJersey,Two-YearTermRegionIIStephanieC.Kopelousos,Florida,One-YearTermButchBrown,Mississippi,Two-YearTermRegionIIIDebraMiller,Kansas,One-YearTermKirkSteudle,Michigan,Two-YearTermRegionIVGaryRidley,Oklahoma,One-YearTermRhondaFaught,NewMexico,Two-YearTermImmediatePastPresident:

@#@VictorMendez,ArizonaExecutiveDirector:

@#@JohnC.Horsley,Washington,DCStateMembersAlabamaG.MikeHarperJohnE.Lorentson,P.E.AlaskaFrankT.Richards,P.E.ArizonaLonnieD.HendrixArkansasRalphJ.HallDavidLambertCaliforniaRandellH.IwasakiSteveTakigawaColoradoPamelaHuttonWayneLuptonConnecticutCharlesA.DrdaMichaelW.LonerganDelawareMariaFantiniDistrictofColumbiaAaronHortonMesfinLakewFloridaTimLattnerGeorgiaDavidCrimStephenT.HenryHawaiiKellyLeeSatoIdahoBrentJennings,P.E.IllinoisEricE.HarmJosephS.HillIndianaMikeBowmanIowaLeeA.WilkinsonKansasRoyD.Rissky,P.E.JaciS.Vogel,P.E.AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficialsHighwaySubcommitteeonMaintenance2007Chair:

@#@CarlosBraceras,P.E.,UtahViceChair:

@#@RussellA.Yurek,MarylandSecretary:

@#@JamesB.Sorenson,FederalHighwayAdministrationLiaison:

@#@KenKobetsky,P.E.,AASHTOKentuckyNancyB.AlbrightTomSchomakerLouisianaGillM.GautreauWilliamH.Temple,P.E.MaineBrianT.BurneMichaelE.BurnsMarcH.GuimontMassachusettsVacantMichiganVacantMinnesotaCurtisGobeliStevenM.LundMississippiMarkC.McConnellJohnD.VanceMissouriJamesCarneyDonHillis,P.E.MontanaJohnBlackerNebraskaCraigLindMichaelMattison,P.E.NevadaRichardJ.Nelson,P.E.JamesR.Souba,P.E.NewHampshireCalebB.Dobbins,P.E.EdwardS.WelchNewJerseyJeffreyC.CallahanNewMexicoDennisOrtizTomRaughtNewYorkGaryR.McVoy,Ph.D.PeterWeykampNorthCarolinaJenniferP.Brandenburg,P.E.LacyD.Love,P.E.NorthDakotaVacantOhioMichaelA.McColemanKeithC.SwearingenTonyVogelOklahomaKevinS.BlossTomWadleyOregonDougTindallPennsylvaniaDanielR.Smyser,P.E.PuertoRicoJorgeA.Vega-BarriosRhodeIslandNamvarMoghadamSouthCarolinaJamesJ.Feda,P.E.HuleyG.ShumpertSouthDakotaGregFullerEdRodgersTennesseeGregDuncanJoeHoltTexasZaneL.WebbUtahRichardL.Clarke,P.E.SteveMcCarthyviVermontPaulE.CortiSamuelB.LewisVirginiaQuintinD.ElliottErleW.Potter,P.E.WashingtonRobert“Chris”Christopher,P.E.WestVirginiaJohnWalkerWisconsinJohnKinarAlisonLebwohlThomasR.Lorfeld,P.E.DavidI.ViethWyomingKenL.Shultz,P.E.U.S.DOTMembersFHWARoemerAlfelorWadeCaseyJoyceA.CurtisWilliamR.DooleyCelsoGatchalianEugeneHoelkerDavidLawAssociateMemberFederalUSDAForestServiceJohnW.Bell,P.E.AssociateMembersInternationalAlbertaNickBucykBritishColumbiaRodneyChapmanNewBrunswickHenryPalmerNovaScotiaMartinJ.DelaneyOntarioShaelE.Gwartz,P.E.SaskatchewanJoshSafronetzOthersTRBAmirN.HannaFrankLisleviiPrefaceThis2007revisionoftheAASHTOMaintenanceManualisbasedoninformationgleanedfromrecenthighwaytransportationliteratureonmaintenance,andfieldvisitsandinterviewsconductedbyKennethA.BrewerastheprincipalauthorunderNationalCooperativeHighwayResearchProgram（NCHRP）ProjectSP20-07,Task170.ThisdocumentwaspreparedundertheguidanceoftheNCHRPSP20-07,Task170.Intendedforpersonsearlyintheircareerinroadwayandbridgemaintenance,theMaintenanceManualforRoadwaysandBridgeswillassisttheminunderstandingthevariousprocesses,methods,andmaterialsthatareappliedtomaintainthebridgeandhighwaysystemeffectively.Alsointendedtobeadynamicdocument,themanualwillneedtobeupdatedasresearchandapplicationschangetherelevantcontentsections.Historically,highwaymaintenancehasencompassedpersonnelman-agement,materialsselection,equipmentuse,andapplicationofmethodstoreacttoproblemsinbridgesandroadways,budgeting,andplanning.Thefieldisnowevolvingintoanewengineeringscienceofitsown,resultingfromasynergisticcombinationoftraditionalcivilengineering,industrialengineering,businessmanagement,materialsscience,industrialpsychology,andenvironmentalsci-ence.Thismanualisenvisionedasthefirststepindocumentingthattransition;@#@thisfirst-generationtextwillleadandguidetheprofessionaldevelopmentoftheengineeringmanagersofroadwayandbridgemaintenanceinthebeginningofthe21stcentury.Thismanual,however,willneedtobeusedinconjunctionwithyourownagencysmaintenanceoperationpolicymanual,maintenancestandardspublication,andorganizationaloperationguides.Theeffectiveengineeringmanagerofmaintenanceinthe21stcenturywillhavetosupplementtheeducationandexperiencebroughttothemaintenancepositionwithself-study,continuingprofes-sionaleducation,andon-the-jobtraininginmanagementprinciplesandconcepts.Someillustrationsandexamplesinthismanualshowaparticularproduct,brand,trademark,agency,orcompany.AASHTOdoesnotendorseanymanufacturedproduct,licensedprocess,orotherproprietaryitemshowninthismanual.Allsuchillustrationsareprovidedtomaketheaccompanyingtextmoreunderstandable,andnoreferencetosuchitemsinthismanualshouldbeconstruedasanendorsement.TableofContentsPreface.vii1.0MaintenanceManagement.11.1Introduction.11.1.1EvolutionofMaintenanceManagementConceptsandSystems.11.1.2DevelopmentofIntegratedManagementSystems.21.1.3AssetManagement.41.1.4RoadwayManagement.71.1.4.1Introduction.71.1.4.2ContractMaintenance.71.1.4.3MaintenanceManagement.81.1.4.4WorkforceDevelopment.81.1.4.5CustomerSatisfaction.81.1.4.6Equipment.81.1.4.7Pavements.91.1.4.8RoadsideandEnvironment.91.1.4.9SnowandIceControl.91.2ManagementandAdministration.91.2.1FunctionalAspects.91.2.1.1OrganizationforMaintenance.101.2.1.2PlanningandBudgetingforMaintenance.141.2.1.3HighwayConstructionDefinitions（AdoptedJune30,1986）.181.2.1.4SchedulingMaintenance.181.2.1.5DataSystemstoSupportMaintenance.201.2.1.6IncidentManagementandEmergencyResponseinMaintenance.211.2.1.7WorkZoneSafety.221.2.2HumanResources.221.2.2.1Motivation.221.2.2.2Training.231.2.2.3PersonnelSafety.241.2.2.4RecruitmentandDevelopment.241.2.3TechnicalResources.251.2.3.1EquipmentforMaintenance.251.2.3.2MaterialsforMaintenance.251.2.3.3ModelsAvailableforManagementofResources.261.3IssuesofContinuingConcern.261.3.1SustainableDevelopment.261.3.2DesigningforMaintainability.261.3.3EnvironmentalSensitivity.26AASHTOMaintenanceManualforRoadwaysandBridgesx1.3.4ApplicationofTQMPrinciplesandQualityAssurance.271.3.5LitigationInvolvingMaintenance.271.3.6RationalandProbabilisticModelstoPredictMaintenanceNeedsandEffects.271.4References.272.0RoadwayMaintenanceandManagement.312.1RoadwayMaintenance.312.1.1Introduction.312.1.1.1PreventiveRoadwayMaintenancePhilosophy.312.1.1.2InteractionwithBridgeMaintenanceandtheManagementofOtherFunctions.322.1.1.3InteractionwiththeDesignofFacilities.322.1.1.4RoleofRoadwayMaintenanceintheSafe,EfficientOperationofFacilities.322.1.1.5ValueofRoadwayMaintenancetoAgency.332.1.1.6ValueofRoadwayMaintenancetotheUserCommunity.342.1.1.7PavementManagement.342.1.2MaintenanceofRoadwaySurfaces.352.1.2.1PlanningandBudgeting.352.1.2.2Scheduling.362.1.2.3MaintenanceNeedsbyTypeofSurface.372.1.2.4MaterialsforRoadwaySurfaceMaintenance.482.1.2.5MethodsforRoadwaySurfaceMaintenance.542.1.3ShoulderMaintenance.622.1.3.1ImpactofShoulderTypeonMaintenance.632.1.3.2SchedulingShoulderMaintenance.642.1.4RoadwayDrainageMaintenance.652.1.4.1MaintenanceofRoadwaySurfaceDrainage.672.1.4.2MaintenanceofSubsurfaceDrainage.692.1.4.3OtherConsiderations.712.1.5RoadsideMaintenance.722.1.6MaintenanceofSafetyFeatures.792.1.7BuildingFacilitiesRelatedtoRoadwayMaintenance.812.1.8SpecialPathways.832.1.9SnowandIceControl.832.1.10TrafficControlDevicesandRoadwaySystemInstrumentation.912.1.11Roadway,Tunnel,andBridgeIllumination.972.1.12RoadwaysonBridgesandinTunnels.1032.1.13EnvironmentalAspectsofRoadwayMaintenance.1062.1.14MaintenanceWorkZoneTrafficControl.1102.1.15GeneralMaintenanceWorkerSafetyNotes.1142.2References.114xiTableofContents3.0BridgeMaintenanceandManagement.1213.1BridgeMaintenance.1213.1.1Introduction.1213.1.1.1LoadRatingofBridges.1213.1.1.2StructuralSystems.1223.1.1.3BridgeMaintenanceConcepts.1293.1.2TraveledSurface.1313.1.2.1ConcreteSurfaces.1323.1.2.2AsphaltSurfaces.1343.1.2.3StoneandBrickSurfaces.1353.1.2.4SteelGrateSurfaces.1353.1.2.5WoodSurfaces.1363.1.3StructuralDecks.1363.1.3.1Introduction.1363.1.3.2PreventiveMaintenanceofConcreteDecks.1373.1.3.3ConcreteDeckSealing.1373.1.3.4ConcreteDeckPatching.1383.1.3.5PolymerDeckPatching.1393.1.3.6AsphalticConcretePatching.1403.1.3.7EmergencyFull-DepthPatching.1403.1.3.8CrackSealing.1403.1.3.9OverlaystoBridgeDecks.1413.1.3.10ConcreteDeckReplacement.1423.1.3.11TimberBridgeDecks.1423.1.3.12SteelGridDecks.1443.1.3.13MaintainingDeckJoints.1443.1.3.14DeckDrainageSystems.1513.1.3.15Curbs,Sidewalks,andRailings.1523.1.4Superst