全新版大学英语快速阅读2原文Word文档格式.docx

全新版大学英语快速阅读2原文Word文档格式.docx

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lllearnstillmore（point3）.However,ifhetriestodotwenty-threeandahalfhours'

workinoneday,he'

llbesotiredthathe'

llhardlyrememberanything:

whathelearnswillbeverylittle（point4）.Ifhedidlessworkhe'

dlearnmore（point5）.

Nowwhatevertheexactshapeofthegraph'

scurve,madebyjoiningthesepoints,itmusthaveahighpoint.Point"

X"

istheverymaximumanyonecanlearnintheday.Andthisrepresentstheoptimum,thebest,amountofworktodo.Itisthebestpossiblecompromisebetweenadequatetimeatthebooksandfatigue.Fatigueisanabsolutelyrealthing;

onecan'

tescapeitorignoreit.Ifyoutrytoignoreitandpressyourselftoworkpasttheoptimum,youwillonlygetonthisdownwardslopeandachievelessthanthebest—andthenbecomeverytiredandloseyourpowerofconcentration.

Theskillinbeingastudentconsistsofgettingone'

sdailystudyasneartheoptimumpointaspossible.Icannottellyouwhattheoptimumis.Itdifferswiththetypeofwork,itdiffersfrompersontoperson,andeveninthesamepersonitvariesfromweektoweek.Youmusttrytofindyourown.Everydayyoustudy,bearthisprincipleoftheoptimuminmind.Whenyoufeelyourselfgettingfatigued,ifyoufindyourselfreadingthesameparagraphoverandoveragainandnottakingitin,that'

saprettygoodsignyou'

vereachedyourhighestpointforthedayandshouldstop.Mostordinarystudentsfindtheiroptimumataboutfivehoursaday.Yoursmaybealittlemoreoralittleless—butifyougetinfivehours'

goodworkaday,youwillbedoingwell.

Now,whatareyoudoingwithyourselfwhenyouaren'

tworking?

Beforeexaminationssomestudentsdonothingatallexceptsitinachairandworry.Hereisanothermisunderstanding.Peopleoftenthinkthatthemindworkslikethebody;

itdoesnot.Ifonewantedtosaveone'

sphysicalenergyinordertocutthemaximumamountoffirewood,onewouldlieflatonabedandrestwhenonewasn'

tchopping.Butthemindcannotrest.Eveninsleepyoudream,evenifyouforgetyourdreams.Themindisalwaysturning.Itgetsitsrelaxationonlybyvariety.Thatiswhatmakesthemindrest.

Whenyou'

vefinishedyouroptimumnumberofhoursyoumuststop.Youmustnotthensitaroundinthechairthinkingaboutthework—thatonlytireswithoutanylearning.Youmustgetoutanddosomething.Itdoesn'

tmatterwhat—anythingsolongasyouareactivelydoingsomethingelsebutwork.

LearningtoKeepYouCoolDuringTests

Haveyoueverfeltsoanxiousduringanexaminationthatyoucouldn'

tevenputdowntheanswersyouknew?

Ifso,youweresufferingfromwhatisknownastestanxiety.

AccordingtopsychologistRalphTrimble,testanxietyisaveryrealproblemformanypeople.Whenyou'

reworriedoveryourperformanceonanexam,yourheartbeatsfasterandyourpulsespeedsup.Thesereactionsstartothers:

Youmaysweatmorethannormalorsufferfromastomachacheorheadache.Yourfieldofvisionnarrowsandbecomestunnel-like.Beforeyouknowit,you'

rehavingdifficultyfocusing.

"

WhatIhearstudentssayoverandoveragain,"

saysDr.Trimble,whoisworkingatthePsychologicalandCounselingCenterattheUniversityofIllinois,"

is,'

Mymindwentblank.'

Foranumberofyears,Dr.Trimblehelpedmanystudentslearnhowtoperformbetterduringexamsandtobringuptheirgrades.Someofthesestudentswereinterestedinsharingwhattheylearnedand,withTrimble'

shelp,beganholdingworkshopsonovercomingtestanxiety.Formanystudents,justbeinginaworkshopwithothersufferersmadethemfeelbetter.Theyrealizedthattheywerenottheonlyoneswhohaddonepoorlyontestsbecauseoftension.

Theworkshopsweresosuccessfulthattheyarestillgiven.

Intheworkshops,studentsaretaughtthatanxietyisnormal.Youjusthavetopreventitfromgettingthebestofyou.Thefirststepistolearntorelax.Ifbeforeorduringanexaminationyoustarttopanic,stretchashardasyoucan,tensingthemusclesinyourarmsandlegs;

thensuddenlyrelaxallofthem.

Thiswillhelprelievetension.Butkeepinmindthatyoudon'

twanttobetoorelaxed.Beingcompletelyrelaxedisnobetterthanbeingtootense."

Ifyouaresocalmyoudon'

tcarehowyoudoonanexamination,youwon'

tdowell,"

Trimblesays."

Thereisanoptimumlevelofconcernwhenyouperformatyourbest.Somestresshelps.Therearepeoplewhocan'

ttakeevenslightstress.Theyhavetolearnthatinachallengingsituation,beinganxiouslyexcitedisgoodandwillhelpthemtodobetter.Butiftheycallitanxietyandsay,'

It'

sgoingtohitmeagain,'

thatwillmakethemnervousandworried."

Asastudentyoumustalsorealizethatifyouleavetoomuchstudyinguntiladayortwobeforetheexamination,youcan'

tdotheimpossibleandlearnitall.Instead,concentrateonwhatyoucandoandtrytothinkwhatquestionsarelikelytobeaskedandwhatyoucandointhetimeleftforstudying.

Whenyousitdowntostudy,setamoderatepaceandvaryitbyreading,writingnotes,andgoingoveranypapersyouhavealreadywrittenforthecourse,aswellasthetextbooksandnotesyoutookinclass.Reviewwhatyouknow.Takebreaksandgotosleepearlyenoughtogetagoodnight'

srestbeforetheexam.Youshouldalsoeatamoderatebreakfastorlunch,avoidingdrinkslikecoffeeandstayawayfromfellowstudentswhogettense.Panicspreadseasily.

Gettotheexamroomafewminutesearlysothatyouwillhaveachancetofamiliarizeyourselfwiththesurroundingsandgetoutyoursupplies.Whentheexaminationishandedout,readthedirectionstwiceandunderlinethesignificantinstructions,makingsureyouunderstandthem.Asktheteachertoexplainifyoudon'

t.Firstanswertheeasiestquestions,thengobacktothemoredifficult.

Onessayquestions,insteadofstartingrightaway,takeafewminutestoorganizeyourthoughts,makeabriefoutline,andthenstartoffwithasummarysentence.Keepworkingsteadily,andevenwhentimestartstorunout,don'

tspeedup.

PayingYourWay

TherewereredfacesatoneofBritain'

sbiggestbanksrecently.Theyhadacceptedatelephoneordertobuy?

100,000worthofsharesfromafifteen-year-oldschoolboy（theythoughthewastwenty-one）.Thesharesfellinvalueandtheschoolboywasunabletopayup.Thebanklost£

20,000onthedealwhichitcannotgetbackbecause,foronething,thisyoungspeculatordoesnothavethemoneyand,foranother,beingundereighteen,heisnotlegallyliableforhisdebts.Iftheshareshadriseninvaluebythesameamountthattheyfell,hewouldhavepocketed£

20,000profit.Notbadforafifteen-year-old.Itcertainlyisbetterthandeliveringthemorningnewspaper.Inanotherrecentcase,aboyoffourteenfound,inhisgrandmother'

shouse,asuitcasefullofforeignbanknotes.Theclean,crisp,banknoteslookedveryconvincingbuttheywerenownotusedintheircountryoforiginoranywhereelse.Thisyoungboyheadedstraighttothenearestbankwithhispocketsfilledwithnotes.Thecashiersdidnotrealisethatthecountryinquestionhadreducedthevalueofitscurrencyby90%.Theyexchangedthenotesattheirfacevalueatthecurrentexchangerate.Inthreedays,beforehewasfoundout,hetook£

200,000fromninedifferentbanks.Amazingly,hehadalreadyspentmorethanhalfofthisontaxi-rides,restaurantmeals,concertticketsandpresentsforhismanynewgirlfriends（atleasthewasgenerous!

）beforethepolicecaughtupwithhim.Becauseheisalsoundereighteenthebankshavekissedgoodbyetoalotofmoney,andseveralcashiershavelosttheirjobs.

Shouldweadmiretheseyoungstersforbeingenterprisingandshowinginitiativeorcondemnthemfortheirdishonesty?

Maybetheyhadmanagedforyearswithtinyamountsofpocketmoneythattheygotfromtight-fistedparents.MaybetheyhaddoneSaturdayjobsforpeanuts.Itishardlysurprising,giventheexpensivethingsthatyoungpeoplewanttobuy,suchasfashionablerunningshoesandcomputergames,iftheysometimesthinkupmoreimaginativewaysofmakingmoneythandeliveringnewspapersandbaby-sitting.Theseladssawthechancetomakealotofmoneyandtookit.

Anotherrecentstorywhichshouldgiveusfoodforthoughtisthecaseofthemanwhopaidhissix-year-olddaughter£

300aweekpocketmoney.Hethenchargedherforthefoodsheateandforhershareoftherentandhouseholdbills.Afterpayingforallthis,shewasleftwithafewcoinsforherpiggybank."

Shewillsoonlearnthevalueofmoney,"

hesaid."

There'

snosuchthingasafreelunch.Everythinghastobepaidforandthesoonershelearnsthatthebetter."

Attheotherextremetherearefondparentswhoprovidefreebedandboardfortheirgrown-upchildren.Whileeventhemosthard-heartedparentsmighthesitatetothrowtheirchildrenoutonthestreets,weallknowofpeopleintheirlatetwentieswhostillshamelesslyliveofftheirparents.Surelytherecomesatimewheneveryonehastoleavetheparentalnest,lookafterthemselvesandpaytheirownwayinlife.Butwhenisit?

TheDayIWenttoOpenaBankAccount

Idon'

tknowwhymyfatherneverlikedbanks.Everytimewepassedonehewouldfrownandwalkjustalittlefastertogetp