英语词汇学复习提纲Word文档格式.docx

英语词汇学复习提纲Word文档格式.docx

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13.（morphology）thestudyofhowwordsareformedinalanguage

14.（phraseology）thewordsandphrasesusedinaparticularprofessionoractivity,oraparticularwayofputtingwordstogethertoexpresssomething

15.（collocation）agroupofwordswhich"

naturally"

gotogetherthroughcommonusage

16.Morpheme:

thesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms

17.Root:

arootisthebasicunchangeablepartofaword,anditconveysthemainlexicalmeaningoftheword.

18.Affix:

acollectivetermforthetypeofformativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme.Itcanfurtherbedividedinflectionalandderivationaltypes.

19.Prefix:

aderivationaloraninflectionalaffixthatcanbeaddedtothebeginningofamorpheme.

20.Suffix:

aderivationalorinflectionalaffixthatcanbeaddedtotheendofamorpheme.

21.Compounding/composition:

awordformationprocessconsistingofjoiningtwoormorebasestoformanewunit,acompoundword.

22.Derivation/affixation:

aword-formationprocessbywhichnewwordsarecreatedbyaddingaprefix,orsuffixorbothtothebase.

23.Conversion:

aword-formationprocesswherebyawordofacertainword-classisshiftedintoawordofanotherword-classwithouttheadditionofanaffix.

24.Initialismisatypeofshortening,usingthefirstlettersofwordstoformapropername,atechnicaltermoraphrase;

itispronounceletterbyletter.

25.Acronymsarewordsformedfromtheinitiallettersofthenameofanorganizationorascientificterm,etc;

theyarepronouncedaswordsratherthanassequencesofletters.

26.Blending/hybrid:

aword-formationprocessinwhichanewwordisformedbycombiningthemeaningsandsoundsoftwowords,oneofwhichisnotinitsfullformorbothofwhicharenotintheirfullforms.

27.Back-formation:

atermusedtorefertoaword-formationprocessbywhichashorterwordiscoinedbydeletionofasupposedaffixfromalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage.

28.Clipping:

aword-formationprocessbywhichawordisshortenedbydeletingoneormoresyllablesfromaword（usuallyanoun）,whichisalsoavailableinitsfullform.

29.Motivation:

referstotheconnectionbetweenwordsymbolanditssense.MostEnglishwordsarenon-motivated.Motivationcanariseinthreemajorways:

phoneticmotivation,morphologicalmotivationandsemanticmotivation.

30.Polysemy:

atermusedinsemanticanalysistorefertoalexicalitemwhichhasarangeofdifferentmeanings.

31.Homonyms:

wordsidenticalinsoundorspellingorbothbutdifferentinmeaning.

32.Synonyms:

wordsdifferinginsoundbutidenticalorsimilarinmeaning.

33.Antonyms:

wordsthatareoppositeinmeaning

34.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems,suchthattheformerisincludedinthelatter.

35.Contextinitsnarrowestsenseconsistsofthelexicalitemsthatcomeimmediatelybeforeandafteranywordinanactofcommunication.

36.Euphemism:

anactofusingagreeablelanguagewhenspeakingofanunpleasantorembarrassingfact（suchasdeath,disease,etc）andoftaboosubjects（suchassexandtheexcretiveprocessesofthebody）.

37.Metaphor:

isafigureofspeechcontaininganimpliedcomparisonbasedonassociationofsimilarity,inwhichawordorphraseordinarilyusedforonethingisappliedtoanother,aprocesswhichoftenresultsinsemanticchangeorfigurativeextensionofmeaning.

38.Metonymy:

afigureofspeechbywhichanobjectorideaisdescribedbythenameofsomethingcloselyrelatedtoit.

PartII常用英语词汇学术语

Acronym首字母拼音词

Acronymy首字母拼音法

Affix词缀

Affixation词缀法

Antonym反义词

Antonymy反义关系

Back-formation逆构词，反成法

Blend拼缀词

Blending拼缀法

Collocation搭配，组合

Complementaries互补反义词

Completeantonym完全反义词

Composition复合法

Compounding复合构词法

Compoundword复合词、

Concept概念

Conceptualmeaning概念意义

Connotativemeaning内涵意义

Context语境

Conversion词类转换法

Denotativemeaning外延意义

Degradationofmeaning词义的降格

Derivation派生法

Elevationofmeaning词义的升格

Etymology词源学

Euphemism委婉语

Homonymy同音（形）异义

Hyponymy上下义关系

Idiom成语

Inflectionalaffix屈折词缀

Initialism：

首字母缩略词

Metaphor：

隐喻

Metonymy：

换喻，转喻，借代

Morpheme词素

Morphology词形学，形态学

Motivationofword词的理据

Neologism新词语

Onomatopoeicword拟声词

Phonetics语音学

Polysemy一词多义

Register语域

Root词根

Semanticfield语义场

Semantics语义学

Synonym同义词

Synonymy同义关系

Word-formation/building构词法

PartIIITrueorFalseStatements

1.Itisusualthatsomeaffixeshavefarmorefrequentproductiveusesthanothers.Therearesomesignificantrelationsbetweenaffixes,especiallyantonymy,aswithpre-andpost-,-fulland–less.（T）

2.Thoughmostprefixescanoccurasindependentwords,theycanonoccasionbedetachedtopermitcoordination,asinpre-andpost-hysterectomy.（F）

3.Compoundingcanoccuronlyinthreemainwordclasses,nounsandtoalesserextent,adjectivesand,toleastextent,verbs.（F）

4.Semantically,compoundscanoftenbeidentifiedashavingamainstressonthefirstelementandasecondarystressonthesecondelement.（F）

5.Englishcompoundscanbeanalyzedaccordingtodifferentcriteria,suchasorthographiccriteria,semanticcriteria,andphonologicalcriteria.（T）

6.Compoundscanbedividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtowordclasses:

nouncompounds,adjectivecompoundsandverbcompounds.（T）

7.Compoundsindicatetherelationsofthecompoundingelementsbysyntacticparaphrases.（T）

8.Conversionisthederivationalprocesswherebyanitemisadaptedorconvertedtoanewwordclasswithouttheadditionofanaffix.（T）

9.Conversionsfromverbtonounandfromverbtoadjectivearethemostproductivecategories.（F）

10.Therearetwotypesofconversion:

fullconversionandpartialconversion.（T）

11.Themostimportantkindsofalterationinconversionarethevoicingoffinalconsonants,andtheshiftofstress.（T）

12.Wordsformedthroughacronymyarecalledacronymsorinitialisms,dependingonthespellingofthenewwords.（F）

13.Back-formationisthemethodofcreatingnewwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixes.（T）

14.Motivationhasnothingtodowiththeexplanationforthereasonthataparticularformhasaparticularmeaning.（F）

15.Theconceptualmeaningofawordisoftenunstableandhardtodetermine.（F）

16.Byetymologicalmotivation,wemeanthatthemeaningofaparticularwordisrelatedtoitsorigin.（T）

17.Senseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience,whilereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.（F）

18.Insemantics,meaningoflanguageisconsideredastheintrinsicandinherentrelationtothephysicalworldofexperience.（T）

19.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.（T）

20.Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitswordsandphrasesputtogether.（F）

21.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudyhowthespeakersofalanguagechoosetheirwordstoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.（F）

22.Themeaningofanisolatedwordfromadictionaryisusuallyabstractandcontext-independent.（T）

23.Indo-EuropeanreferstothefamilylanguagesspokenoriginallyinEurope.（F）

24.LatinandFrenchbelongtothedifferentlanguagegroups.（F）

25.EnglishbelongstotheWest-GermaniclanguagegroupofIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.（T）

26.ThefirstpeopleinEnglandaboutwhoselanguagewehavedefiniteknowledgearetheCelts.（T）

27.CertainGermanictribes,Angles,Saxons,FrisiansandJuteswerethefoundersoftheEnglishnation.（T）

28.OldEnglishhasmuchlessloanwordscomparedwithmodernEnglish.（T）

29.TheNormanConquestvirtuallyintroducedFrench-EnglishbilingualismintoEngland.（T）

30.Collocationistherelationshipbetweentwowordsorgroupsofwordsthatoftengotogetherandformacommonexpression.（T）

31.Collocationsarenottransparentinmeaning;

thatis,themeaningofthewholecannotbeworkedoutfromthemeaningofeachofthewordsinit.（F）

32.Lexicalcollocationsnormallyconsistofnouns,adjectives,verbsandprepositions.（F）

33.Afixedlexicalcollocationisacollocationoftwoormoreco-occurringlexemesinanunchangingsyntacticandsemanticrelationship.（T）

34.ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagebyDr.SamuelJohnsonin1755isasymbolformodernEnglishDictionary.（F）

35.Webster’stwo-volume1828dictionary,TheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,publishedwhenhewas70yearsold,wasbyfarthelargestandthemostimpressivedictionaryproducedinAmericauptothattime.（T）

36.Frompronunciation,BritishdictionariesaswellasAmericanonesgenerallyuseInternationalPhoneticAlphabet.（IPA）.（F）

37.Bilingualdictionariesusuallydonothaveetymologic