宾语从句与感叹句.doc
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一、感叹句
1.感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。
what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，2.感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语How+形容词+a+名词+主语+谓语
What+a/an+形容词+名词单数+主语+谓语What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语
Whataninterestingstoryitis!
Whatfineweatheritis!
Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!
【说明】在感叹句中，Whata/an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用an。
what是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。
但有些不可数名词，如rain,surprise,breakfast,lunch等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用whata/an，如：
Whataheavyrainitis!
Whatagreatsurpriseitis!
Whatarichbreakfastitis!
3.感叹句的省略
常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。
What a naughty boy（he is）!
4.陈述句变感叹句：
陈述句变为感叹句，可遵循“一断、二加、三换位、四改号”的原则。
一断：
将原来的陈述句断成两部分，在谓语动词后断开。
二加：
加适当的感叹词，断开的后半部分的中心词如果是名词，则要加what；如果是形容词或副词，则要加how。
如有very,too,quite等词应去掉。
三换位：
把改变后第一、二部分前后调整位置。
注意句中有关单词的大小写。
四改号：
把原来的句号改为感叹号。
Heisagoodstudent.------Heis/agoodstudent.------Heis（what）agoodstudent.-----Whatagoodstudentheis.
------Whatagoodstudentheis！
Sheworksveryhard.----Sheworks/veryhard.----Sheworks（how）hard.----Howhardsheworks.
------Howhardsheworks!
练一练：
用what,whata/an,how填空：
5
1.________niceskirtitis!
2.________interestingthefilmis!
3.________beautifultheparkare!
4.________deliciousfooditis!
5.________carelessthemanis!
6.________wonderfulideas!
7.________lovelythebabyis!
8.________coldweatheritis!
9.________cleverboy（heis）!
10._______interestingfilmthisis!
11.Look!
_______fasttheboyisrunning!
12._______colddayitwasyesterday!
13._______heavytheboxis!
Ican’tcarryit.
14._______interestingstoryhetoldus!
15._______nicethemooncakesare!
16._______badweather!
17._______cleverchildrenallofyouare!
18._______importantnewsthatis!
19._______timeflies!
20._______beautifulflowersyouboughtme!
把下列句子改为感叹句：
1.Howlazytheboyis!
2.Whatanexcitingmovieitis!
3.Whatdeliciousapplestheyare!
4.Howpurethewateris!
5．Whatacarefulwomansheis!
6．Theyarerunningfast.
7．Hersisterisaverylovelygirl.
选择题：
1._____________finetheweatheris!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
2.______foodyou’vecooked!
a.Howaniceb.Whatanicec.Howniced.Whatnice
3._____________greatfuntheyhad!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
4.____________heavyrainitwas!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
5.___________funplacetogoShanghaiis!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
6.__________happylifetheoldlive!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
7.____________nicefishtheycooked!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
8.____________bluetheskyis!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
9.______usefulworkyoudid!
a.Whatb.Howc.Whatad.Howa
10._________timeyouhad!
a.Whatgoodb.Howgoodc.Whatagoodd.Howagoodtime
11.______excitingmomentitis!
a.Whatb.Howc.Whatad.Whatan
12.______niceshoes!
a.Whatb.Howc.Whatad.Howa
13.______shesings!
a.Howwellb.Howgoodc.Whatwelld.Whatgood
14.______fasttheboysarerunning!
a.Whatb.Howc.Whatad.Howa
15.______theschoolis!
a.Whatbigc.Howbigc.Whatabigd.Howabig
二、宾语从句
1、概念：
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类：
动词的宾语从句；介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句中要用陈述句的语序。
2、宾语从句的连接词
1）从属连词主要有：
that；if；whether。
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，that没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，常省略；if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。
Hetoldthathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.
2）连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,which，whoever，whatever,whichever等，在从句中可充当主语、宾语等。
连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.我不知道你该依靠谁.
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.
3）连接副词主要有when,where,why,how等，在从句中充当状语。
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyougettothenewhotel?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
宾语从句的引导词的选择坚持两个原则：
看这个引导词的具体词汇意义；
看这个引导词是否在从句中充当句子成分。
3、动词的宾语从句
1）大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。
2.）部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。
Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
3）动词短语也可以带宾语从句
makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
4、介词的宾语从句
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.
ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.
5、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:
sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised.
IamsureIwillpasstheexam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.
HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.
6、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
①介词后一般不用if
②whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.
③在不定式前只能用whether。
如：
Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。
7、宾语从句的时态
1）当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
2）当主句为过去时的时候，从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态。
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化。
Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问，且句中含有doyouthink/believe等时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首。
Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?
1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．
A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;If
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecome B.howwillhecome C.ifhecomes D.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemend B.whatdidhemend C.howhemended D.whathemended
4.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafter B.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelooking D.whomsheislookingafter
5.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsin B.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsin D.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_________.
A.whatdoesChristmasmean B.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoes D.whatChristmasmeans
11.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___________dictation today.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are
12.Ihardlyunderstand.__________hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
13.Theydon'tknow __________ theirparentsare.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which
14.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
15.—Idon'tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.（杭州市）
A.whyB.whenC.howD.where
16.—Weneverknow_____theoldmanis.—Theysayheisateacher.（鄂州市）
A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where
17.Iwastold_____BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.（重庆市）
A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen
18.Heaskedme____Iwassuremymother____.
A.if;willcomeB.if;wouldcomeC.that;willcomeD.that;wouldcome
19.—Wheredoyouthink_____he_____thecomputer?
—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.
A.／;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy
20.—WhereisJack?
—Heisawaytospendhisholiday.He'sgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan,butI'mnotsure_____.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there
21.Theteachertoldthechildrenthatthesun＿＿＿＿round.A.wasB.isC.wereD.are
22.Ibelievethatourteam＿＿＿＿thebasketballmatch.A.winB.wonC.willwinD.wins
23.Idon’tknow＿＿＿＿tovisittheoldman.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.who
24.____Tomdidn’tgotoschool?
A.Doyouknowhow B.Whydoyouknow C.Howyouknowwhy D.Doyouknowwhy
25.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?
Couldyoutellus?
（改写句子）
Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?
26.Whendoesthetrainleave?
Iwanttoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.
27.DidPetercomehereyesterday?
LiLeiwantstoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.
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