初中英语主谓一致讲解.doc
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主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致
主谓一致必须遵循三原则:
语法上一致,意义上一致,就近一致原则.
1.单数名词(代词)或不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数。
ThedeskisTom’s. Somewaterisinthebottle.
Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.
2.表示时间、价格、重量、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,谓语用单数形式。
Oneandahalfhoursisenough.Twentydollarsisenough.
Twomonthshaspassed. Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.
3.动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:
Toseeistobelieve.。
Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.
4.主语为oneof,eachof等加复数名词或代词,谓语用单数。
如:
Oneofmyfavoritesportsisbasketball.
EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.
5.不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数,例如:
Iseveryoneheretoday?
Somethingiswrongwithhim.
6.each,either,neither,another,theother作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Neitheransweriscorrect两个答案都不正确。
7.有些以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news,maths,physics等。
Nonewsisgoodnews.
Mathsisverypopularinourclass
8.people,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,
Thepolice(警方)aresearchingfortherobbers.
Peoplehereareveryfriendly.
9.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;
Bothhisfatherandhismotherarebothteachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
10“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时,谓语一般用复数。
TheSmithsarehavingdinner.
11.anumberof+pl.n“许多…”表示复数;thenumberof+pl.n“…的数字”表示单数。
Anumberoffamouspeoplewereinvitedtoparty.
Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.
12.当kindof,pairof,glassof等短语修饰主语时,谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。
Thispairoftrousersisverynew,butTom’strousersareveryold.
Therearetwoglassesofwateronthetable.
13.the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。
Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.
Thebeautifullivesforever.
14or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语以及here,there开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词采用就近原则。
TomorJackiswrong.
Eitherthisoneorthatoneisok.
Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.
Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.
15当主语部分含有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,except,but,like等介词短语时,谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。
与介词短语之后的名词无关。
Thefruitlikeapples,orangesisgoodforourhealth.
MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.
Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball
16.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。
Swimmingandwalkingaregoodexercises.
Thebreadandthebutter__theirmainfood.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教师来了。
(作家和教师指同一个人)
Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老师来了。
(作家和老师是两个人)
但every,each,no做定语时,即使用and连接两个主语,谓语也用单数.
Noteacherandnostudenthasseenthefilm.
Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.
Nofoodandnowater__inthehouse.
A.isB.hasC.areD.have
17.family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。
例如:
Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.
MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.
18.单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。
Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.
19.all/most/half/therestof+名词,lotsof/alotof/plentyof+名词,分数/百分数+名词作主语,谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。
Allofmystudentsworkhard. Alloftheoilisgone.
20.定语从句中关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Ilikethemusicthatisinteresting.Ilikethepeoplewhoarefriendly.
21.名词性物主代词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。
Yourclassroomissmall.Ours(=ourclassroom)isbig.
Yourshoesarewhite,Mine(=myshoes)areblack.
22.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
如:
Betweenthetwobuildingsisabigtree.
24.population作主语,作“人口”讲时,谓语常用单数形式;当它作“人们”讲时,谓语常用复数形式。
另外,当分数、百分比数修饰population作主语时,谓语常用复数形式。
ThepopulationofChinaisverylarge.
TwothirdsofChinesepopulationarefarmers.
25.What从句做主语,表语是复数,谓语动词用复数.
Whatthestudentsneed____goodbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.has
26.a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.
27.manya+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。
ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.
28.morethanone+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
例如:
MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.
倒装句
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后。
把谓语放在主语之前,就叫做倒装。
全部谓语放在主语之前,叫做全部倒装;只把部分谓语动词,即特殊动词(be动词,情态动词和助动词)放在主语之前,叫做部分倒装。
一、全部倒装
如果谓语动词全部放在主语之前,这种语序叫做全部倒装
1.表示方位的副词out,up,down,in,away置于句首时,句子要用全部倒装.
Outrushedthechildren.
◆主语是人称代词,主语的语序不倒装.Awayhewent.
2.表示方位的介词短语置于句首,句子要用全部倒装。
如:
Intothehallcamethreewomen.
3.存在句(therebe/live/stand/lie/seem等)需要全部倒装。
如:
Thereoncelivedanoldhunterinthehouse.
Thereseemstobemanylisteners.
4.副词here,there,now,then等置于句首(经常与go,come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。
Herecomesthebus.
Nowcomesyourturn.
◆如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
:
Heretheyare.
5表示时间的副词now,then引导的句子,谓语动词是come,begin,end,follow,be等时,句子要用全部倒装
Thencametheworker.
◆如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
Thenhewent.
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是只把特殊动词(be动词,情态动词和助动词)放在主语前,叫部分倒装.
1.否定副词never,hardly,seldom,little,not等置于句首.
Hardlycouldhebelievehisowneyes.
2"only+状语"置于句首.
OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.\.
3..副词so放在句首,构成“So+特殊动词+主语”表示同上边的肯定情况相同。
Neither/Nor放在句首构成“Neither/Nor+特殊动词+主语”表示同上边的否定情况相同。
谓语动词的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致,数由后一句主语而定.
A:
Ihavefinishedmyhomework.(我已经做完作业了)
B:
Sohashe.(他也做完了)。
A:
Ihaven’tseenthatfilm.我没看过那部电影。
B:
Neither(Nor)haveI.我也没有。
◆“So+主语+特殊动词”表示赞同对方的观点.
A:
Shestudiesveryhard.她学习很努力.B:
Sohedoes.的确这样.
4.notonly...butalso...连接两个并列句,且notonly置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。
如:
Notonlydidhedislikethewaywespoke,buthedislikedthewaywedressed.
Exercise
1.MissHuangtogetherwithherfriends____shoppingeverySundayevening.
A.goB.wentC.goingD.goes
2.TheUnitedNations____in1945.
A.aresetupB.weresetupC.wassetupD.issetup
3.Tenkilometers____way.
A.arequitelongB.arequitealongC.isquitealongD.isaquitelong
4.–Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?
--____thestudentsinourclass____overfifty.
A.Thenumberof;isB.Thenumberof;are
C.Anumberof;isD.Anumberof;are
5.Look!
There____playingwiththechildrenonDongfengSquare.
A.areanumberofdeerB.isanumberofdeer
C.areanumberofdeersD.isanumberofdeers
6.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn____therewhenthemeetingbegan.
A.wasB.wereC.isD.are
7.Eachofthestudents____adictionary.
A.haveB.hasC.isD.are
8.—WillyoursistergotovisitDalianduringthissummervacation?
—IfIdon'tgo, .
A.neitherwillsheB.neitherdoessheC.sowillsheD.sodidshe
9.TheGreens____Francesincethespringof1990.
A.havebeentoB.havebeeninC.hasbeentoD.hadbeenin
10.–Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?
--About150.Onethirdofthem____menteachers.
A.haveB.hasC.areD.is
11.Whenandwheretogofortheholiday____yet.
A.havenotbeendecidedB.isnotdecided
C.arenotdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided
12.Hishobbyis takingphotos collectingstamps.
It'sgrowingflowers.
A.either;orB.both;andC.notonly;butalsoD.neither;nor
13.—HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,Lucy?
—No,Ihaven't.Whataboutyou?
— .
A.SodoIB.Me,neitherC.Me,tooD.SohaveI
14.Yourtrousers____dirty,youmusthave____washed.
A.is,themB.are,itC.are,themD.is,it
15.NotonlythestudentbutalsoMr.Smiths____tiredofhavingoneexamination.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
16.Mybrotheraskedmetenquestions.Thefirstfivewereeasy,buttherest____difficult.
A.wereB.areC.wasD.is
17.Thepoor____happy;buttherich____sad.
A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is
18.Johnandhisuncle____goinghikingtomorrow.
A.beB.amC.isD.are
19.EithermyfriendsorI____goingtothelibraryonMonday.
A.isB.beC.amD.are
20.–WhydidyouchooseEnglishinsteadofJapanese?
--BecauseJapanese____aspopularasEnglish.
A.isn’tB.aren’tC.hasbeenD.havebeen
21.Tosavetime____tolengthenlife.
A.areB.wasC.wereD.is
22.Neverinthelife_____ofsuchathing.
A.hehasheardB.hasheheardC.heheardD.didhehear
23.TheChinese____peacebuttheyaren’tafraidofwar.
A.loveB.lovesC.lovedD.loving
24.Notonly_______tospeakEnglish,butalsohelearnstowriteinEnglish.
A.helearnsB.doeshelearnC.hashelearntD.hehaslearnt
25.Nothing____difficultintheworld,____it?
A.are,areB.is,isn’tC.are,aren’tD.is,is
26.Ontheeastoftheriver____threebuildings.
A.liesB.standsC.standD.arestanding
27XiaoDongisoneofthebeststudentsinhisclasswho____bytheirteacher.
A.praisesB.ispraisedC.praiseD.arepraised
28.Swimminginthepoolwiththechildren____veryinteresting.
A.hasB.haveC.isD.are
29.____politicsdifficultforyoutolearn?
A.AreB.DoC.DoesD.Is
30.Nonews____goodnews.
A.amB.areC.isD.be
31.Johnwithhisuncle____goinghikingtomorrow.
A.beB.amC.isD.are
32.Jimmy’sfamily____alargeone.Thewholefamily____watchingTV.
A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is
33.Halfoftheapple_