大学英语六级第2套真题及答案解析Word文档格式.docx

大学英语六级第2套真题及答案解析Word文档格式.docx

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具体重叠部分：

本卷所有听力题与第一套试卷有重复，本试卷不再列出。

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayone-learning.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorepeoplestudyonlineinsteadofattendingschool.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

Directions:

PartIIIReadingcomprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Theroboticsrevolutionissettobringhumansfacetofacewithanoldfear—man-madecreationsassmartandcapableaswearebutwithoutamoralcompass.Asrobotstakeonevermorecomplexroles,thequestionnaturally26:

Whowillberesponsiblewhentheydosomethingwrong?

Manufacturers?

Users?

Softwarewriters?

Theanswerdependsontherobot.

Robotsalreadysaveustime,moneyandenergy.Inthefuture,theywillimproveourhealthcare,socialwelfareandstandardofliving.The27ofcomputationalpowerandengineeringadvanceswill28enablelower-costin-homecareforthedisabled,29useofdriverlesscarsthatmayreducedrunk-anddistracted-drivingaccidentsandcountlesshomeandservice-industryusesforrobots,fromstreetcleaningtofoodpreparation.

Butthereare30tobeproblems.Robotcarswillcrash.Adrone（ 遥控飞行器 ）operatorwill31someone’sprivacy.Aroboticlawnmowerwillrunoveraneighbor’scat.Juriessympathetictothe32ofmachineswillpunishentrepreneurswithcompany-crushing33anddamages.Whatshouldgovernmentsdotoprotectpeoplewhile34spaceforinnovation?

Big,complicatedsystemsonwhichmuchpublicsafetydepends,likedriverlesscars,shouldbebuilt,35andsoldbymanufacturerswhotakeresponsibilityforensuringsafetyandareliableforaccidents.Governmentsshouldsetsafetyrequirementsandthenletinsurerspricetheriskoftherobotsbasedonthemanufacturer’sdrivingrecord,notthepassenger’s.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A）arisesB）ascendsC）boundD）combinationE）definiteF）eventuallyG）interfereH）invadeI）manifestingJ）penaltiesK）preservingL）programmedM）proximatelyN）victimsO）widespread

SectionB

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.

AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

ReformandMedicalCosts

[A]Americansaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealthinsurancepremiums.Theyneedtoknowifreformwillhelpsolvetheproblem.Theansweristhatnoonehasaneasyfixforrisingmedicalcosts.Thefundamentalfix—reshapinghowcareisdeliveredandhowdoctorsarepaidinawasteful,abnormalsystem—islikelytobeachievedonlythroughtrialanderrorandincremental（ 渐进的 ）gains.

[B]ThegoodnewsisthatabilljustapprovedbytheHouseandabillapprovedbytheSenateFinanceCommitteewouldimplementortestmanyreformsthatshouldhelpslowtheriseinmedicalcostsoverthelongterm.AsareportinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineconcluded,“PrettymucheveryproposedinnovationfoundinthehealthpolicyIiteraturethesedaysiscontainedinthesemeasures.”

[C]Medicalspending,whichtypicallyrisesfasterthanwagesandtheoveralleconomy,ispropelledbytwothings:

thehighpriceschargedformedicalservicesinthiscountryandthevolumeofunnecessarycaredeliveredbydoctorsandhospitals,whichoftenperformalotmoretestsandtreatmentsthanapatientreallyneeds.

[D]HerearesomeoftheimportantproposalsintheHouseandSenatebillstotrytoaddressthoseproblems,andwhyitishardtoknowhowwelltheywillwork.

[E]BothbillswouldreducetherateofgrowthinannualMedicarepaymentstohospitals,nursinghomesandotherprovidersbyamountscomparabletotheproductivitysavingsroutinelymadeinotherindustrieswiththehelpofnewtechnologiesandnewwaystoorganizework.ThisproposalcouldsaveMedicaremorethan$100billionoverthenextdecade.Ifprivateplansdemandedsimilarproductivitysavingsfromproviders,andrefusedtoletprovidersshiftadditionalcoststothem,thesavingscouldbemuchlarger.CriticssayCongresswillgiveintolobbyistsandletinefficientprovidersoffthehook（放过）.ThatisfarlesslikelytohappenifCongressalsoadoptsstrong“pay-go”rulesrequiringthatanyincreaseinpaymentstoprovidersbeoffsetbynewtaxesorbudgetcuts.

[F]TheSenateFinancebillwouldimposeanexcisetax（ 消费税 ）onhealthinsuranceplansthatcostmorethan$8,000foranindividualor$21,000forafamily.Itwouldmostlikelycauseinsurerstoredesignplanstofallbeneaththethreshold.Enrolleeswouldhavetopaymoremoneyformanyservicesoutoftheirownpockets,andthatwouldencouragethemtothinktwiceaboutwhetheranexpensiveorredundanttestwasworthit.Economistsprojectthatmostemployerswouldshiftmoneyfromexpensivehealthbenefitsintowages,TheHousebillhasnosimilartax.Thefinallegislationshould.

[G]Anydoctorwhohaswrestledwithmultipleformsfromdifferentinsurers,orpatientswhohavetriedtounderstandtheirownparadeofstatements,knowthatsimplificationoughttosavemoney.Whenthehealthinsuranceindustrywasstillcooperatinginreformefforts,itstradegroupofferedtoprovidestandardizedformsforautomatedprocessing.Itestimatedthatstepwouldsavehundredsofbillionsofdollarsoverthenextdecade.Thebillswouldlockthatpledgeintolaw.

[H]Thestimuluspackageprovidedmoneytoconverttheinefficient,paper-drivenmedicalsystemtoelectronicrecordsthatcanbeeasilyviewedandtransmitted.Thisrequiresopeninvestmentstohelpdoctorsconvert.Intimeitshouldhelprestraincostsbyeliminatingredundanttests,preventingdruginteractions,andhelpingdoctorsfindthebesttreatments.

[I]Virtuallyallexpertsagreethatthefee-for-servicesystem—doctorsarerewardedforthequantityofcareratherthanitsqualityoreffectiveness—isaprimaryreasonthatthecostofcareissohigh.Mostagreethatthesolutionistopushdoctorstoacceptfixedpaymentstocareforaparticularillnessorforapatient’sneedsoverayear.Nooneknowshowtomakethathappenquickly.ThebillsinbothhouseswouldstartpilotprojectswithinMedicare.Theyincludesuchmeasuresasaccountablecareorganizationstotakechargeofapatient’sneedswithaneyeonbothcostandquality,andchronicdiseasemanagementtomakesuretheseriouslyill,whoareresponsibleforthebulkofallhealthcarecosts,aretreatedproperly.Forthemostpart,theseexperimentsrelyonincentivepaymentstogetdoctorstotrythem.

[J]Testinginnovationsdonogoodunlessthegoodexperimentsareidentifiedandexpandedandthebadonesaredropped.TheSenatebillwouldcreateanindependentcommissiontomonitorthepilotprogramsandrecommendchangesinMedicare’spaymentpoliciestourgeproviderstoadoptreformsthatwork.ThechangeswouldhavetobeapprovedorrejectedasawholebyCongress,makingithardfornarrow-interestlobbiestobendlawmakerstotheirwill.

[K]Thebillsinbothchamberswouldcreatehealthinsuranceexchangesonwhichsmallbusinessesandindividualscouldchoosefromanarrayofprivateplansandpossiblyapublicoption.Alltheplanswouldhavetoprovidestandardbenefitpackagesthatwouldbeeasytocompare.Togetaccesstomillionsofnewcustomers,insurerswouldhaveastrongincentivetosellontheexchange.Andthehead-to-headcompetitionmightgivethemastrongincentivetolowertheirprices,perhapsbyacceptingslimmerprofitmarginsordemandingbetterdealsfromproviders.

[L]Thefinallegislationmightthrowapublicplanintothecompetition,butthankstothefierceoppositionoftheinsuranceindustryandRepublicancritics,itmightnotsavemuchmoney.TheoneintheHousebillwouldhavetonegotiaterateswithproviders,ratherthanusingMedicarerates,asmanyreformerswanted.

[M]Thepresident’sstimuluspackageispumpingmoneyintoresearchtocomparehowwellvarioustreatmentswork.Issurgery,radiationorcarefulmonitoringbestforprostate（前列腺）cancer?

Isthelatestandmostexpensivecholesterol-loweringdruganybetterthanitscommoncompetitors?

Thependingbillswouldspendadditionalmoneytoacceleratethiseffort.

[N]Criticshavechargedthatthissensibleideawouldleadtorationingofcare.（Thatwouldbetrueonlyifyoubelievedthatpatientsshouldhaveanunrestrainedrighttotreatmentsproventobeinferior.）Asaresult,thebillsdonotrequire,astheyshould,thattheresultsofthesestudiesbeusedtosetpaymentratesinMedicare.

[O]CongressneedstofindthecouragetoallowMedicaretopaypreferentiallyfortreatmentsproventobesuperior.Sometimesthebesttreatmentmightbethemostexpensive.Butoverall,wesuspectthatspendingwouldcomedownthrougheliminationofalotofunnecessaryorevendangeroustestsandtreatments.

[P]TheHousebillwouldauthorizethesecretaryofhealthandhumanservicestonegotiatedrugpricesinMedicareandMedicaid.Someauthoritati