届高考英语典题专项训练二十八.docx
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届高考英语典题专项训练二十八
2021高考英语“典题”专项训练(二十八)
text1
RanulphFiennes,explorer
WhenIwas10,Iwantedtobuyacanoe(独木舟)andneeded£85.IwashedthebusesatMidhurstbusstationbetween3amto7amduringtheweek.ThenIwashedthedishesattheAngelHotelfrom6pmto10pm.Iwaspaid£11perweekinall,andthat’showIgotthecash.ItistoolongagotoknowifIactuallylearntanythingfromtheexperience.
RusselKane,comedian
Ididtwohumiliating(不体面的)Saturdayjobs.Thefirstwassellingvacuumcleanersdoortodoor.Ididn’tsellasingleone.Theotherjobwasworkingwithmygranddadforafrozen-fooddeliveryservice.IdoubtthataSaturdayjobreallyteachesyouanything.WhereIcomefrom,it’sautomatic:
atage11yougetajob.Itwasn’t,“Heyman.I’mreallylearningthevalueofwork.”Itwas,“IfIwantmoney,Imustworkforit.”Mydadnevergavemeapennyofpocketmoneyaftertheageof11.
TonyRoss,illustratorandauthor
Inthe1950s,whenIwasaboy,IusedtoworkatthePostOfficeoverChristmas.Manyofusdidit,anditwasfantasticfun.Iearnedenoughtobuyanoldmotorcycle.Ilearntthebasicsofworkingformoneylikearrivingontime,andenjoyingitnomatterwhat.Itwasagoodintroductionbecauseveryfewpeopleworkforfun.
AdeleParks,author
WhenIwas16,Iworkedinourlocalsupermarket,stacking(堆放)shelvesfortwoyears.Iamgoodattalkingandtellingstories,andIthinkIlearntitthere,becauseoneofthethingsaboutstackingshelvesorbeingatthecheckoutisthatyougettopassthetimewithpeople.That’swhatIlikedbest.
1.Togethisdreamcanoe,whatdidRanulphFiennesdowhenhewasten?
A.Heborrowed£74fromothers.
B.Hewasabsentfromschool.
C.Heaskedhisdadforhelp.
D.Heworkedveryhard.
2.WhydidRusselKanetakepart-timejobsatage11?
A.Tobuyagiftforhimself.
B.Toearnhispocketmoney.
C.Togetsomeworkexperience.
D.Tofollowhisgranddad’sexample.
3.Whoprobablydealtwithmailinhisorherpart-timejob?
A.TonyRoss.B.AdeleParks.
C.RusselKane.D.RanulphFiennes.
text2
CynthiaMosshasbeenstudyingelephantssince1972,whenshestartedthenow-famousAmboseliElephantResearchProjectinAmboseliNationalParkinKenya.Anauthor,lecturer,filmmaker,andafierceadvocateforelephants—whichfacelotsofthreatstotheirsurvival,fromdroughtstohumanencroachment(侵略)—Mossiswidelyconsideredanexpertonthesocialbehaviorofthesecreatures.Akeyfindingfromherstudiesishowmuchelephantsurvivaldependsonlearnedbehavior.
AsMosshasobserved,forexample,ababyelephantmustlearnhowtouseitstrunk.Atfirstayoungelephantwilldrinkbykneelingdownatthewater’sedgeanddrinkingdirectlywithitsmouth.Thehabitofpullingwaterintoitstrunkfollowedbyreleasingthatwaterintoitsmouthdevelopsonlyaftermonthsofwitnessingotherelephantsdoingso.
Onoccasion,Mosswillseeababyelephantstickitstrunkintothemouthofitsmotherandpulloutabitofwhateverplantmaterialsheiseating.Inthisway,thebabyelephantlearnswhatkindsofvegetationaresafetoeatonthesavanna,wherepoisonousplantsalsogrow.
Elephantsliveinfamilygroups,eachoneheadedbyamatriarch(母象).Thisseniorfemaleteachesadolescentfemalesbymodelingpropercareofyoungerelephants.OneofMoss’smostmemorableobservationsinthisregardinvolvedthreeelephants.Thesewereamatriarch,Echo,andtwooffspring:
Enid,aten-year-oldfemale,andEly,ababyelephant.Elywasbornwithdeformed(畸形的)feetthatinitiallypreventedhimfromwalking.EchoshowedEnidhowtocareforElybystayingclosetohimwhenhewasfeedingandsleepingandbyrunningtohisaidwhenhesignaledhissuffering.Elynotonlyovercamehisearlylimitations,buthealsogrewuptobeaconfidentyoungelephant.
Mosshasbroughtinterestingstoriesandinformationaboutelephantstoanever-expandingaudience.Shehopesotherswillinturnbecomeadvocatesfortheanimalssheadmiresandunderstandsinwaysfewothersdo.
4.Asanadvocateforelephants,whatisCynthiaMossbestat?
A.Understandingelephants’socialbehavior.
B.Savingandcuringdisabledelephants.
C.Gettingalongwithbabyelephants.
D.Feedingandraisingelephants.
5.Whichofthefollowingisababyelephant’sinbornability?
A.Usingitstrunktodrink.
B.Pullingwaterintoitstrunk.
C.Lookingforfooditcaneatsafely.
D.Pullingoutfoodfromitsmother’smouth.
6.WhathadElyexperiencedaccordingtoMoss’sobservations?
A.Henarrowlyescapedbeingkilled.
B.Hegotalotofhelpfromhisfamily.
C.Helivedonhisownforalongtime.
D.Hehaddifficultyineatingandsleeping.
7.Mossprobablyhopesmoreandmore .
A.peoplecanstudyelephants
B.wildelephantscanbefound
C.peoplecanprotectelephants
D.disabledelephantscansurvive
text3
Anyonewhopassesregularlythroughbusypublicspacesknowsthatonevictimofourobsession(痴迷)withdigitaldevicessuchassmartphoneshasbeensmalltalk.Withoureyesfocusedonoursmartphones,fewerofusmakeconversationwithstrangers.Butarewemissingsomethinginthislossofrelaxingsmalltalk?
Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatsmalltalkhassurprisingbenefits.Inastudypublishedin2014inthePersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatdailyinteractionswithcasualacquaintances(熟人)cancontributetoday-to-daywell-being.Participantswereaskedtorecordtheirdailyinteractionswithpeopleconnectedtothemby“strongties”(familyandfriends)and“weakties”(acquaintances).Ondayswhenparticipantshadmore“weaktie”interactionsthanusual,theyreportedagreatersenseofbelongingandhappiness.InastudypublishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychologyin2014,anothergroupofresearcherslookedatinteractionsamongstrangers.Theyinvited118commuters(通勤者)ataChicago-arearailwaystationandgavethemoneofthreeroles:
tostartaconversationonthetrain,toavoidanyconversationandenjoythesolitude(loneliness)ortodowhatevertheynormallydoontheircommute.Insurveyscompletedafterward,thosewhowereinstructedtomakeconversationwithstrangersreported“notablymorepositive”commutesthanthosewhorodeinsolitude.
“Talkingwithastrangermaynotofferthesamebenefitsastalkingwithaclosefriend,butweunderestimateitsimportancetous,”saysthestudy’sco-author,NicholasEpley,aprofessorofbehavioralscienceattheUniversityofChicagoBoothSchoolofBusiness.Dr.Epleytradedinhisownsmartphoneforanoldfeaturelessphone,whichhasmadehim,hesays,moreopento“wonderful,shortconversationswithstrangers”.
Peopleoverestimatethesocialrisksinvolvedinsmalltalk,addsDr.Epley,“Mostpeoplenotonlywanttotalktoyou;they’lltellyousecretthingstheymaynoteventellafamilymember.”
8.Thefirststudygotthefindingsfromtheparticipantsbycomparingtheir .
A.strongandweaktieinteractions
B.casualandcloseacquaintances
C.privateandpublicinteractions
D.familymembersandfriends
9.Whatdidthestudydoneonthetrainfindout?
A.Peoplearelikelytorideinsolitudeonthetrain.
B.Fewcommutersliketochatwithstrangers.
C.Therearethreekindsoftraincommuters.
D.Chatswithstrangersbringjoytopeople.
10.WhichofthefollowingwouldDr.Epleyprobablyagreewith?
A.Itisnicertotalkwithstrangersthanfriends.
B.Smartphonesmaykillsmalltalkwithstrangers.
C.Peoplefailtorealizetheimportanceoffriendship.
D.Moststrangersprefertospendtimeontheirphones.
11.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?
A.Theinteractionswithstrangers.
B.Thelossofrelaxingsmalltalk.
C.Theinfluenceofsmartphones.
D.Theimportantroleofsmalltalk.
text4
Anunconventionalnewinitiative(首创)inCanadawillsoonallowdoctorstoprescribearttotheirpatients—bygivingthemfreeaccesstoalocalmuseum.WanderingthroughtheMontrealMuseumofFineArts(MMFA),thesepatientsandtheirlovedoneswillbeabletofeasttheireyesonthepeacefulcollectionsofart.
Theinitiativeisthefirstofitskindintheworld.Andwhileyoucertainlycan’treplaceaconventionaltreatmentwithacoupleofpaintings,theideaisforsuch“prescriptions”toassistaperson’scurrenttreatmentplan.Underthenewprogram,membersoftheFrancophoneAssociationofDoctorsinCanada(FADC)willbeabletohandoutupto50prescriptionsfortheirpatients.
Theseprescriptionswillbeavailableforthosewithawiderangeofmentalandphysicalillnesses,andeachofthemwillallowtwoadultsandtwochildrentovisitthemuseumforfree.
“Byofferingfreeadmissiontoasafe,welcomingplace,arelaxingexperience,amomentofrelief,andanopportunitytostrengthentieswithlovedones,MMFA-FADCMuseumPrescriptionscontributetothepatient’swell-beingandrecovery,”explainsanewsconferencefromtheMMFA
.
Itmaylookalotlikeamarketingeffortforthemuseumbutthere’salsoincreasingevidencethatthedisplayofvisualart,especiallyifit’sshowingnature,canhavepositiveeffectsonhealthoutcomes.
Insomeways,thebenefitsoflookingatartappearalittlesimilartophysicalactivity.Asystematicreviewofclinicalarttherapy(疗法)foundthatvisualarthassignificantandpositiveeffectsondepression,anxiety,mood,andself-esteem.Findingsliketheseareslowlygainingattractioninthemedicalcommunity,makingartworkahigherpriority(优先)inhospitalsaroundtheworld.
IntheUS,nearlyhalfofallhealthcareinstitutionshavereportedincludingartinhealthcareprogramming,suchasarttherapyandtheplacementofvisualartinhospitals.Withspacesdedicated(专用的)toarttherapyandalsoamedicalconsultationroom,theMMFAalreadyprovidesservicesforpeoplewithmentalhealthissues,eatingdisorders,andAlzheimer’sdisease,justtonam