胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题精华附答案Word格式.docx

胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题精华附答案Word格式.docx

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3. 

__________isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.

A.Regionalvariation 

B.Languagevariation

C.Socialvariation 

D.Registervariation

4. 

_______arethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.

A.Geographicalbarriers

B.Loyaltytoandconfidenceinone’snativespeech

C.Physicaldiscomfortandpsychologicalresistancetochange

D.Socialbarriers

5. 

_________meansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernmentchoose,aparticularspeechvariety,standardizeitandspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalboundaries.

A.Languageinterference 

B.Languagechanges

C.Languageplanning 

D.Languagetransfer

6. 

_________inaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.

B.Changesinemotions

C.Variationinconnotations 

D.Stylisticvariation

7. 

A____isavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefordiverselinguisticbackgrounds.

A.linguafranca 

B.register

C.Creole 

D.nationallanguage

8. 

Although_______aresimplifiedlanguageswithreducedgrammaticalfeatures,theyarerule-governed,likeanyhumanlanguage.

A.vernacularlanguages 

B.creoles 

C.pidgins 

D.sociolects

9. 

Innormalsituations,____speakerstendtousemoreprestigiousformsthantheir____counterpartswiththesamesocialbackground.

A.female;

male 

B.male;

female 

C.old;

young 

D.young;

old

10. 

Alinguistic_______referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.

A.slang 

B.euphemism 

C.jargon 

D.taboo

II. 

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11. 

Languageasameansofsocialcommunicationisahomogeneoussystemwithahomogeneousgroupofspeakers.

12. 

Thegoalofsociolinguisticsistoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.

13. 

Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,theterm“speechvariety”cannotbeusedtorefertostandardlanguage,vernacularlanguage,dialectorpidgin.

14. 

Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.

15. 

Aperson’ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.

16. 

Everyspeakerofalanguageis,inastrictersense,aspeakerofadistinctidiolect.

17. 

Alinguafrancacanonlybeusedwithinaparticularcountryforcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticbackgrounds.

18. 

Apidginusuallyreflectstheinfluenceofthehigher,ordominant,languageinitslexiconandthatofthelowerlanguageintheirphonologyandoccasionallysyntax.

19. 

Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.

20. 

Theuseofeuphemismshastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting.

III. 

Fillintheblanks.（20%）

21.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeech__________.

22.Speech__________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.

23.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,aspeechvarietyisnomorethana__________varietyofalanguage.

24.Languagestandardizationisalsocalledlanguage__________.

25.Socialvariationgivesriseto__________whicharesubdivisibleintosmallerspeechcategoriesthatreflecttheirsocioeconomic,educational,occupationalbackground,etc.

26.__________variationinaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.

27.Aregionaldialectmaygainstatusandbecomestandardizedasthenationalor__________languageofacountry.

28.Thestandardlanguageisa__________,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.

29.Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard,or__________languages.

30.Apidgintypicallylacksin__________morphemes.

IV. 

Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31. 

Linguafranca32. 

Regionaldialect33. 

Register34. 

Sociolinguistics

V. 

Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35. 

IsAmericanEnglishsuperiortoAfricanEnglish?

Whyorwhynot?

（中国人民大学，2003）

36.Ifwetakeitasrulethatlanguageisintimatelyrelatedtoculture,thenhowdothekinshipwords,suchasuncleandaunt,reflecttheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese?

（东北师范大学，2004）

VI. 

Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37.Explainthedifferencesbetweenregistersandregional/socialdialects.Giveexamplesifnecessary.（东北师范大学，2005）答案I.1~5BCAAC 

6~10DACADII.11~15FTFFF 

16~20TFTFF

III.21.community 

22.variety23.dialectal 

24.planning25.sociolects 

26.Stylistic27.official 

28.superposed29.vernacular 

30.inflectional

IV.31. 

Linguafranca:

Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasacommonspeechforsocialcontactamonggroupsofpeoplewhospeaksdifferentnativelanguagesordialects.

32. 

Regionaldialect:

Regionaldialect,alsosocialorclassdialect,isaspeechvarietyspokenbythemembersofaparticulargrouporstratumofaspeechcommunity.

33. 

Register:

Register,alsosituationaldialect,referstothelanguagevarietyappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituationsonwhichdegreesofformalitydepends.

34. 

Sociolinguistics:

Definedinitsbroadestway,sociolinguistics,asubdisciplineoflinguistics,isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.Itisconcernedwithlanguagevariation,languageuse,theimpactofextra-linguisticfactorsonlanguageuse,etc.

V.35.AmericanEnglishisnotsuperiortoAfricanEnglish.AsdifferentbranchesofEnglish,AfricanEnglishandAmericanEnglishareequal.Similarastheyare,theyareinfluencedbytheirrespectiveculturalcontextandthusformrespectivesystemsofpronunciation,wordsandevengrammar.

36. 

InChina,Chinesehasamorestrictandcomplexrelationshipsystem.SoinChinesetherearealotmorekinshipwordsthaninEnglish.

VI.37.（Omit.）

Chapter8LanguageinUse

Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.

A.reference 

B.speechact 

C.practicalusage 

D.context

Asentenceisa_________concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.

A.pragmatic 

B.grammatical 

C.mental 

D.conceptual

Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa（n）_________.

A.constative 

B.directive 

C.utterance 

D.expressive

Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.

B.Someutterancescannotberestoredtocompletesentences.

C.Noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.

D.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.

Speechacttheorydidnotcomeintobeinguntil__________.

A.inthelate50’softhe20thecentury 

B.intheearly1950’s

C.inthelate1960’s 

D.intheearly21stcentury

__________istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;

itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.

A.Alocutionaryact 

B.Anillocutionaryact

C.Aperlocutionaryact 

D.Aperformativeact

AccordingtoSearle,theillocutionarypointoftherepresentativeis______.

A.togetthehearertodosomething

B.tocommitthespeakertosomething’sbeingthecase

C.tocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofaction

D.toexpressthefeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstateofaffairs

Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethesamepurpose,buttheydiffer__________.

A.intheirillocutionaryacts 

B.intheirintentionsexpressed

C.intheirstrengthorforce 

D.intheireffectbroughtabout

__________isadvancedbyPaulGrice

A.CooperativePrinciple 

B.PolitenessPrinciple

C.TheGeneralPrincipleofUniversalGrammar 

D.AdjacencyPrinciple

Whenanyofthemaximsunderthecooperativeprincipleisflouted,_______mightarise.

A.impoliteness 

B.contradictions 

C.mutualunderstanding 

D.conversationalimplicatures

Pragmaticstreatsthemeaningoflanguageassomethingintrinsicandinherent.

Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequated