定语从句完整版.doc
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Unit1
attributiveclause定语从句:
修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
antecedent先行词:
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
relativepronoun&relativeadverb:
关系代词/副词
连接定语从句和主句并在定语中起作用的词。
Functionofrelativewords
1.连接作用。
2.指代作用(指代先行词)。
3.在从句中作成份。
关系代词的用法
归纳:
定语从句中,that/which指代物
作主语时不省略,宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中,用who/that指代人;在从句中充当主语时,不能省;在从句中充当宾语时,用who/whom/that,还可以省略。
定语从句中,用whose指代人/物,---------表示“某人的”、“某物的”在从句中充当定语。
whose在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词
与whose后的名词为所属关系。
whose
多指人,也可指物,指物时可与ofwhich
互换使用。
指人时可用ofwhom.
Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.
thecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecover
I’llcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou.
thefatherofwhom/ofwhomthefather
1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.
2.Thegirl_______________ourteacheristalkingwithisherdaughter.
3.Thegirl_________motherisfromBritaincanspeakEnglishfluently.
4.Ican’tfindthebook__________isborrowedfromthelibrary.
5.Ican’tfindthebook____________youlenttome.
6.Haveyoureadthebook_____authorisahighschoolstudent?
7.Haveyoureadthebook_____________theauthorrecommend(推荐)tohighschoolstudents?
8.Iusedtostudyinaclassroom_______windowswereallbroken.
9.Thewoman__________________wesawonthestreetgotthejob.
10.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat___________iseatingherflowers.
11.Thebook______________heboughtyesterdayispopularatpresent.
12.There’samountain_______topisalwayscoveredwithsnow.
13.Thenumberofpeople_____________goingtotheexhibitionisexpectedtobeover25,000?
以下情况,引导词用that,不用which。
1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时。
a.Theygotothenewspaper’sownlibrarytolookupanyinformationthattheyneed.
b.Everythingthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
c.Therearefewbooks(that)wecanread.
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,
Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoher
weddingwereimportantpeople.
Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.
2.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
3.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时。
ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.
Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.
注意:
当先行词指人时,通常用关系代词who。
WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.
4.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。
Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool
Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.
5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。
Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?
WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6.先行词作表语或关系词在从句中作表语时,定语从句通常用that引导。
(常可省略),
Sheisnolongerthegirl(that)shewas.
先行词指人只用who而不用that的情况:
1,先行词是one,ones,anyone或those等。
Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.
Thosewhodaretobreakthelawwillbepunished.
2,用在therebe结构中。
Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.
3,为了避免重复或引起歧义。
ThemanthatspokeatthemeetingisournewteacherwhohascomefromShanghai.
4.当先行词是人,后面有较长的修饰语时。
Imetafriendofmineintheparkyesterdaywhohadgotthreegoldmedals.
5,当先行词是I,you,he,they等时(常用于谚语)
Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.
1.Isthereanything________Icandoforyou?
2.Youcantakeanyseat_________isfree.
3.Thefirstthing________Ishoulddoistodevotemyselftostudy.
4.Thesculptureisnottheonlything_____ismissing.
5.Thewriterandhisnovel_______youhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.
6.Whoistheman_______isstandingthere?
7.Sheisnolongerthegirl________shewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.
Theman_________standsthereisTom.
Thegirl____________ImetisMsLi.
Theboy________watchwaslostisTom.
Thebook_________liesonthedeskishis.
Thepen___________youboughtisgood.
Themagazine________coverisredisnice.
Practice1
1.Thisisthebestfilm______I’veseen.
2.Thatisthelastlesson_____Igaveyou.
3.Thisistheverybook_____I’mafter.
4.Thatisjustthecoat_____colorisred.
5.Thatistherightplace_____heworks.
6.Istillremembertheschoolsandboys______Imetthere.
7.Everything______yousaidistrue.
8.Whichisthebook_____youwant?
9.Whoisthegirl______sitsthere.
10.All_____hesaidistrue.
11.All_____issaidbyhimistrue.
12.Arethereanyproblems____troubleyou?
13.Iwillmakefulluseofthetime______thereisleftforme.
19.Youhavemadethesamemistake_____youmadelasttime..
20.Ihadthesameexperience____youhavenow.
21.Shewenttotheplace__________shelikesbest.
22.Those____arepresentarewell.
23.Isthisfactorytheone_________hevisited?
1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.
2.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.
3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______
werememberedatschool.
4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.
5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.
6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworked
with.
7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.
8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.
Periodthree(U2)
Fillintheblankswithrelativepronouns.
1.Thisisthestory____________wewroteforourstorytellingcontest.
2.Thebook____________Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.
3.Helikesthebirthdaygifts____________hisfriendsgavehim.
4.Thegirl______________youhavejustseenisverygoodatEnglish.
5.Idon’tknowthenameoftheteacher____________Imetinthecomputerroom.
Fillintheblankswithrelativepronouns.
6.Isthistheplay____________youweretalkingaboutjustnow?
7.Danielistheperson______________Iwanttomakefriendswith.
8.Artisthesubject____________Iknowlittleabout.
9.TheMathsteacheristheperson____________IgotanAplusfrom.
10.Thetopic____________EricisinterestedinisPhysics.
Jointhesentenceswithrelativeclauses:
Wecouldexpectgooddecisionsfromyou.
Wethoughtofyouasaperson.
Wethoughtofyouasaperson(who/whom/that)wecouldexpectgooddecisionsfrom.
Wethoughtofyouasapersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.
Youweretobuydogfoodwiththemoney.
Themoneyisgone.
Themoney(which/that)youweretobuydogfoodwithisgone.
Themoneywithwhichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.
Conclusion:
Whentherelativepronounistheobjectofthepreposition,weuseprepositiontobeginanattributiveclause,thatis,preposition+which/whom.
Inthiscase,therelativepronoun,whichorwhom,cannotbereplacedwith“that”or“who”.
Besides,therelativepronouncannotbeleftout.
Fillintheblankswithrelativepronouns:
6.Isthistheplay_______youweretalkingaboutjustnow?
7.Danielistheperson_____________Iwanttomakefriendswith.
8.Artisthesubject____________Iknowlittleabout.
9.TheMathsteacheristheperson_______________IgotanAplusfrom.
10.Thetopic__________-EricisinterestedinisPhysics.
Fillintheblankswith“prep.+which/whom”:
1.Areyouinterestedinanysongs_________you’velistened.
2.Tomorrowisaparticularday_________hisdaughterwillgetmarried.
3.Thisistheknife_________Iusuallycutbread.
4.Wecan’tlivewithoutthesun_________wegetheatandlight.
5.Thesubject_________Ericisinterestedisphysics.
6.Doyouknowthegirl_________ourheadteacherisshakinghands?
7.Ican’tfindmydictionary_________Ipaidover$100.
8.Thisisthegoodcar_________Ispentallmymoney.
9.Sheistheteacher_____________allhisstudentsshowrespect.
10.Theteacher_________youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute.
Translatethefollowingsentences:
1.你有没有看见那座红房子,屋子前有一棵大树。
2.你有没有参观过那座大厦?
在大厦顶上你可以俯瞰整座城市。
关系代词作介词宾语,不论是在限制性
定语从句中,还是在非限制性定语从句
中,当介词前置时,只能用whom指人,
which指物,且不可省略;但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省去,特别是在口语中。
如:
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
1.Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?
2.TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.
3.Doyouknowtheboy(that/who/whom)shewastalkingto?
4.Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.
介词的选用原则
1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭
配来决定。
如:
①ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8yuan.
②ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8yuan.
spendmoneyonsth.为固定搭配
2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。
如:
①IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.
②IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.
③IrememberthemonthinwhichIstayedthere.
3)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关
系。
Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?
4)根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。
CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’mnotsure?
含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。
①Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.
ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.
②Thebabies(whom/who/that)the
nurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.
Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.
以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常如下:
1).Iliketheway__________youexplainedtome.
2).Iliketheway____________wasgivenbyyou.
3).Theway_____________heansweredthequestionswassurprising.
Idon’tlikethewayyoutalkedtoyourmother.(choosetheonethatisnotproperforthisblank)
A.that B.which C.inwhich D./
1.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogo