不规则动词歌谣.docx
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“不规则动词”歌谣
动词6种书写式,有的过(去式)、(过去)分(词,即V-ed式)不规则(变化)
A—B—B式——
(一)都是-aught
catch开去—caught咯答赶路快—caught咯答teach天气—taught秃特哈热—taught秃特哈热
都是-ought
bring白领—brought扑隆嗵—brought扑隆嗵
buy摆水—bought爬得—bought爬得(狗爬式)
seek寻找—sought燥(shāo)的—sought燥的
think想想—thought所得—thought所得
d—t—t变(辅变)
send/t/t^湿^得得、lend/t/t^冷^得得、build/t/t^背带^得得、spend/t/t^使背胴^得得;
(二)-eep/-ept(-eep变为-ept)<元辅变>
keep、sleep、sweep;
-eel/-elt(-eel变为-elt)feel—felt—felt,kneel-knelt-knelt;
-ill/-ilt(-ill变为-ilt)spill—spilt—spilt;
smell、spell→ell/-elt(-ell变为-elt),
sell、tell→ell/-old(-ell变为-old);
hear、lay、pay、say尾加d(ay变ai),
deal、learn、mean、spoil尾加t。
(地漏满水)
(三)have/has偶分偶势方—had好的—had好的
leave里腐—left烂腐的—left烂腐的
stand?
—stood蠢方都都—stood蠢方都都(understand—understood—understood)make—made—made霉可霉的霉的
(四)元变
dig—dug—dug嘀个大大(爸爸)(i-a-a变)
find—found—foundfind芳芳(阿姨)
get—got—gotget糕糕(e-o-o变)
hang—hung—hung哼哈哈(a-u-u变)
hold—held—held吼后头喊后头喊后头(o-e-e变)
lose—lost—lost老是lost、lost(责备阿姨)
meet—met—met“蜜”模特儿慢的慢的
shine—shone—shone香嗅嗅(i-o-o变)
shoot—shot—shot嗅到香的香的
sit—sat—satsit散榻散榻(i-a-a变)
spit—spat—spat梳篦头数白头发数白头发
win—won—won问汪汪(i-o-o变)
■形角度
(一)原、过、分间6(种)形(式)变:
①AAA全同式
“读读写写read—read—readshed—shed—shed,
cut—cut—cut砍他砍他砍他”歌(不多)
②ABB过去式过去分词相同式“catch开去—caught咯答赶路快
—caught咯答,teach天气—taught秃特哈热—taught秃特哈热,
bring白领—brought扑隆嗵—brought扑隆嗵”歌(很多)
③ABC全异式
“杜鹃do鸽子go飞fly来lie秀show”歌(很多)
如:
do—did—done
④ABA周期式“跑跑跑,来成为”歌run—ran—run跑跑跑,
来成为come—came—come,become—became—become
⑤AAB一个式beat—beat—beaten(只1个)
⑥AB情态式(情态动词只有过去式,无过去分词)
will—would、shall—should、can—could、may—might
■音角度
(二)原、过、分间3(类语)音变:
①元(音)变(a-e-i-o-u)
②辅(音)变
③元辅(音)变。
不规则中寻规律,点点带带小规律。
★记忆法一:
常见94个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:
一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。
读读写写read—read—readshed—shed—shed、
cut—cut—cut砍他砍他砍他,cast—cast—cast砍死他砍死他砍死他、
cost—cost—cost拷死他拷死他拷死他;
hit—hit—hit嘿嘿嘿,hurt—hurt—hurt呵呵呵;
let—let—let卵卵卵,put—put—put泡泡泡;
set—set—set山山山,shut—shut—shut峡峡峡;
二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。
(共42个)
3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。
(2个)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
1过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。
(4个)
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
fight—fought—fought
(规律:
-ight尾,要么规则变化,要么变 –ought,
light-lit-lit除外)
seek—sought—sought
think—thought—thought
2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。
(4个)
build—built—built
lend—lent—lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent—spent
4把-eep变为-ept。
(3个)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep—swept—swept
5把-ell变为-old。
(2个)
sell—sold—sold
tell—told—told
6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。
(4个)
feel—felt—felt
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
spill—spilt—spilt
7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。
(3个)
deal—dealt—dealt
learn—learnt/learned—learnt/learned
mean—meant[ment]—meant[ment]
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。
(4个)
hear—heard—heard
lay—laid—laid(小规律:
-ay尾,要么规则变化,stay-stayed-stayed,要么-ay—-aid—-aid)
pay—paid—paid
say—said—said
9改变元音字母。
(11个)
dig—dug—dug
find—found—found(规律:
-ind的不规则变化-ind—-ound—-ound)
get—got—got
hang—hung—hung
hold—held—held
lose—lost—lost
meet—met—met
shine—shone—shone
A—B—C式,过去分词n尾主
(一)A—B—C全异式,杜鹃do鸽子go飞fly来lie秀show
do—did—done
go—went—gone
fly—flew—flown
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
(二)过去式是元音变、过去分词是原去式加(e)n:
便宜勿购是好的
be—was/were—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
(三)-ake尾原,过去式-ook,过去分(词是原去式加(e)n)-aken
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
shake—shook—shaken
(四)-aw/-ow过去式-ew、过去分词是原加n
吃落菠萝(助词:
菠萝表面是W形状),够啦侬throw(丢掉)
draw—drew—drawn
blow—blew—blown
grow—grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
(五)“i+辅(1个)+e”尾原,过去式是元变O、过去分词是原加n,d/t双写:
老师drive是拉风是去拉风;爸的ride是真方ride/write
rise、drive、thrive、strive除give;
bide、ride、stride、write除hide
rise—rose—risen,drive—drove—driven
thrive—throve—thriven,strive—strove—striven
bide—bode—bidden,ride—rode—ridden,
stride—strode—striddenwrite—wrote—written
(六)过去式是元变O、过去分词是过去式加n:
不来开会可?
会务是必开。
确实勿来者,居然都忘记,“-ear—-ore—-orn”,板饽饽,滩唾唾,玩窝窝。
break—broke—broken
wake—woke—woken
weave—wove—woven
speak—spoke—spoken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen,
tread—trod—trodden(d双写/闭音重读)
forget—forgot—forgotten(t双写/闭音重读)
-ear—-ore—-orn(过去分词是过去式去e加n)
bear—bore—borntear—tore—torn
wear—wore—worn
除hear—heard—heard
shear—sheared—shorn/sheared
(七)i—a—u变
开始begin—began—begun、
喝drink—drank—drunk
ring铃—rang来—rung嚷
sing声呤—sang山—sung上
sink声歌—sank山—sunk上
swim是我们—swam是我们—swum是我们
shoot—shot—shot
(二)、(三)、(四)、(五)是:
原—过—(分)原加n式
sit—sat—sat
spit—spat—spat
win—won—won
10改变辅音字母。
(1个)
make—made—made
11改变元、辅音字母。
(4个)
have/has—had—had
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词
都不相同。
ABC中过去分词多以n结尾,
少数以m,ne,ng,nk结尾(共35个)
1i—a—u变化。
(6个)
(元变小规则:
-ee-—-e-,-oo-—-o-,u不变或变双元
小口——大口)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing—sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
(规律:
-ing/k尾如果不规则,分三类
①-ing/k—-ang/k—-ung/k
sling-slang-slung,drink-drank-drunk
②-ing/k—-ung/k—-ung/k,
cling-clung-clung,fling-flung-flung)
swim—swam—swum
sink—sank—sunk,slink-slunk-slunk
(六)是:
原—过—(分)过加n式
③-ing/k—-ought—-ought
bring—brought—brought,think-thought-thought)
2 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,
过去分词在其原形后加n。
(5个)
draw—drew—drawn
blow—blew—blown
grow—grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,
过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,
须双写d或t后加n。
(4个)(give,hide除外)
rise—rose—risen
drive—drove—driven(strive—strove—striven)
write—wrote—written
ride—rode—ridden
4 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。
(5个)
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke—woken
5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。
(1个)
forget—forgot—forgotten
6 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。
(6个)
be—was/were—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在
原形词后加-n。
(2个)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
shake—shook—shaken
8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。
(6个)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
小规律:
有一些动词词尾为-ear时,过去式将变为-ore,过去分词变为-orn
wear—wore—worn
tear—tore—toren
A—B—A周期式,run—ran—run跑跑跑,来成为come—came—come,become—became—become
四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。
(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。
(3个)
come—came—come
become—became—become
run—ran—run
六、A—B型,情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。
(4个)
will—would
shall—should
can—could
may—might
★记忆法二:
不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。
学生难学,老师难教。
幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。
下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。
)
二、原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
beat/beat/beaten
三、原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
come/came/come become/became/become run/ran/run
(come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:
welcomed,welcomed)
四、过去式,过去分词相同:
(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet/met/met feed/fed/fed
(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/felt sleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/kept sweep/swept/swept
(3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t
spell/spelt/spelt smell/smelt/smelt spill/spilt/spilt
(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或 ought结尾
catch/caught/caught teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought
buy/bought/bought think/thought/thought
(5) 将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stood understand/understood/understood
(6) 将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laid pay/paid/paid say/said/said
(7) 将d改为t
lend/lent/lent send/sent/sent
spend/spent/spent build/built/built
(8) 将i改为a,o,u等
sit/sat/sat spit/spat/spat
dig/dug/dug win/won/won
(9) 将ell改为old
tell/told/told sell/sold/sold
(10) 词尾加t
learn/learnt/learnt mean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamt spoil/spoilt/spoilt
(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的:
learn/learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shone shine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hung hang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smelt smell/smelled/smelled
burn/burnt/burnt burn/burned/burned
light/lii/lit light/lighted/lighted
(12) 其它
have(has)/had/had hear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shot lose/lost/lost
hold/held/held get/got/got(AmEgotten)
find/found/found make/made/made
leave/left/left
五、三者均不同:
(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown know/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed draw/drew/drawn
(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun drink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rung sing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swum sink/sank/sunk
(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/driven write/wrote/written
rise/rose/risen ride/rode/ridden
(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词
drive/drove/driven rise/rose/risen eat/ate/eaten
give/gave/given fall/fell/fallen
(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词
break/broke/broken choose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozen mistake/mistook/mistaken
steal/stole/stolen speak/spoke/spoken
take/took/taken wake/woke/woken(或woke)
(6)其它
be/was或were/been do/did/done forget/forgot/forgotten
go/went/gone hide/hid/hidden see/saw/seen
wear/wore/worn
六、有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shone/shone照耀 shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung悬挂 hanged/hanged绞死
八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying
find找到、发现find/found/found
found创建,成立found/founded/founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
(一)词义相对:
(1)come/came/come来——go/went/gone去
(2)give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得
(3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken(或woke)
或wake/waked/waked醒来
(4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉
(5)buy/bought/bought买——sell/sold/sold出售,卖
(6)take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought带来
(7)teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt
或learn/learned/learned学习、学会
(8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到
win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
(9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
(10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到
(二)词义相近:
(1)beat/beat/be