初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法.doc
《初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法.doc(7页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
![初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法.doc](https://file1.bingdoc.com/fileroot1/2023-5/6/b9fc6da1-92cb-4b41-806a-5a6eafee0c5a/b9fc6da1-92cb-4b41-806a-5a6eafee0c5a1.gif)
9Aunit3语法
(一)动词不定式用法
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是notto+do。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
1.作主语
可以直接作主语。
如:
Toseeistobelieve.
但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如:
It'swrongtoplaytricksonotherpeople.
It'sourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy.
点击规律:
动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在Itis+adj.(形容词)+todosth.或Itis+n.(名词)+todosth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。
2.作宾语
a.want,decide,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如:
Weagreedtostartearly.
Shewantstobeadoctor.
b.love,like,begin,start,hate,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:
上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。
提示板:
likedoing指经常性动作,而liketodo指一次性的动作。
如:
Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimnow.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。
c.stop,forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:
上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
提示板:
1)stoptodosth.:
停止一件事,去做另一件事。
stopdoingsth.:
停止正在做的事。
例句:
Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstoppedtalking;whenhecameout,thestudentsstoppedtotalk.当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。
2)思考:
forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?
d.在find/feel+it+adj.+todosth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
如:
Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleep.
Ifeeliteasytorecitethetext.
点击规律:
某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。
3.作宾语补足语
a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。
如:
Itellhimnottogotherebybus.
Edison'smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.
b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch,notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。
如:
Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursaday.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.
提示板:
若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。
如:
Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybytheboss.
Shewasheardtosinginthenextroom.
4.作定语:
放在被修饰的名词、代词后面
例句:
Ihavealotofworktodo.
Thedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy.
点击规律:
动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示板:
如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。
如:
Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein.
Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith?
5.表语:
放在连系动词be后面
例句:
Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldiers'lives.
当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
点击规律:
动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
6.作状语
a.目的状语:
放在go,come,use,live,inorder等词后面。
如:
Icometoseeyou.
Herunsfastinordertogetthereintime.
b.原因状语:
放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,excited等词后面。
如:
Iamgladtoseeyouhere.
Iamsorrytotroubleyou.
c.作结果状语。
如:
Someoftheapplesarehardtoreach.
Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people.
7.与what,who,whose,when,where,how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。
如:
Idon'tknowwhattodonext.(宾语)
Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer.(宾语补足语)
It'sstillaquestionhowtogetthere.(主语)
1.Don'tforget_________theletter.
A.tosend B.send C.sending D.beingsent
2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.
A.sit B.siton C.besat D.besaton
3.Is______necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?
A.this B.that C.it D.which
4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.
A.tosmoke B.smoking C.smokes D.smoke
5.Mothertoldme________thewaterbeforeIdrankit.
A.boiling B.boiled C.boil D.toboil
6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_______somefood.
A.buy B.tobuy C.buying D.bought
7.Johnwasmade_______thecarforaweekasapunishment.
A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashing
8.Thesitting-roomneeds_______,butit'llhavetowaituntilSaturday.
A.becleaning B.tobecleaned C.clean D.beingcleaned
9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois__________.
A.visittohim B.tovisithim C.visitinghim D.visitedhim
10.LiYangadvisedme_________toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.
A.nottodrink B.todrink C.notdrinking D.drinking
一.用动词不定式或ing分词填空
1.Ienjoy_________.(sing)2.Whatdoyouwant________(do)next?
3.Ilearnt______(swim)whenIwasthreeyearsold.4.Iwasveryupsetandstarted_____(cry).
5.Ihope_______(see)youagainsoon.6.Itisafinedaytoday,soIsuggest_____(go)forawalk.
7.Haveyoufinished_________(mop)thefloor.8.Hewasveryangryandrefuse__(say)anything.
9.WhereisLily?
Ineed________(talk)withher.
10.Iamtoofat,soIhavedecided_________(do)moreexercise.
二.选出正确答案
()1.Iusuallygo________withmymotheratweekends.
A.shopB.toshopC.shopping
()2.Heisnotoldenough________toschool.
A.togoB.goC.going
()3.Themanadmitted_________thebank.
A.robB.torobC.robbing
()4.Peoplemuststop________downtrees.
A.tocutB.cuttingC.cut
()5.I’drather_______acupofcoffee.
A.tohaveB.havingD.have
()6.Mikemanagedtogiveup_________.
A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smoke
()7.Iamsorrytohavekeptyou________forsuchalongtime.
A.towaitB.waitingC.wait
()8.Shehasanicevoice.Ioftenhearher________inthemorning.
A.singingB.tosingC.sing
()9.Idon’tliketravelingbyboat,italwaysmakesme______sick.
A.tofeelB.feelingC.feel
()10.Letme_______youaroundthecity.
A.showB.toshowC.showing
()11.Iputtheflowersontheporch_______fromtherain.
A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.tobeprotected
()12.Kathydecided______hardandmakeherself______behindtheothers.
A.towork;notfallB.working;nottofall
C.towork;fallD.working;tofall
()13.Sheforgot_______theTVwhenshelefthome.
A.toturnoffB.turnedoffC.turningoffD.turnoff
()14.Myparentswantme________goodmarks.
A.getB.togetC.gettingD.got
()15.ThedoctoraskedMary________themedicinethreetimesaday.
A.nottoremembertakingB.nottoforgettaking
C.nottoremembertotakeD.nottoforgettotake
()16.Hisjobis________thestudents’meetings.
A.organizeB.toorganizeC.organizingD.organized
()17.Whatabout_______alettertoyourfriendontheInternet?
A.trysendingB.trytosendC.tryingsendingD.tryingtosend
()18.Lethim________itbyhimself.
A.todoB.doingC.didD.do
()19.Thecustomerswatchedtheunusualbird_______intheinn.
A.danceB.todanceC.dancedD.dancing
()20.Atthepolicestation,theboyadmitted_______thenecklaceatlast.
A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.steal
()21.Itisimpossible________.
A.formetogotobedearlyB.tometogotobedearly
C.formegotobedearlyD.tomegotobedearly
()22.Iremember________mywallethere.ButIcan’t_______now.
A.putting;findB.toput;finding
C.toput;befoundD.putting;befound
()23.Couldyoutellme_______workouttheproblem?
A.howB.howcanIC.howtoD.howwillI
()24.Isawalittleboy________akiteyesterdayafternoon.
A.flewB.flyC.toflyD.flying
()25.Hisjokesmadeusall_________.
A.tolaughB.laughingC.laughD.laughing
()26.It’sverykindofyou_______mewithmyEnglish.
A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps
()27.Hepromised__________meanicecar.
A.buyB.tobuyC.boughtD.tohavebought
()28.Mothertoldme________walkalongtheriver.
A.donotB.nottoC.tonotD.not
()29.Herambitionis________anengineer.
A.becomeB.tobecomeC.beD./
()30.You’dbetter________arestnow.
A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had
()31.Thankyoufor________methesecret.
A.tellingB.tellC.totellD.told
()32.Iusedto______inthecountryside,nowIamusedto_____inthecity
A.living;liveB.living;livingC.live;livingD.live;live
()33.Thedetectiveisbusy_______cluesandhehas_______somevaluableproof.
A.lookingfor;findB.finding;lookedfor
C.lookingfor;foundD.find;lookedfor
()34.Thisfilmisworth________.
A.toseeB.seeingC.seenD.saw
()35.Iwasallowedtoplayfootballafter_________myhomework.
A.doB.didC.doingD.done
()36.Chinaisbecoming__________.
A.strongandstrongBstrongerandstrong
C.strongerandstrongerD.strongandstronger
()37.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan________ofAmerica.
A.thoseB.thatC.itD.this
()38.Ourcityisgetting_________.
A.morebeautifulandmorebeautiful
B.moreandmorebeautiful
C.beautifulerandbeautifuler
D.beautifulandbeautiful
()39.TaxisinShenyangarecheaperthan________inBeijing.
A.thatB.itC.thisD.those
()40.Iprefer_______basketballto_______football.
A.playing;playingB.playing;play
C.play;playingD.play;