初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法.doc

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初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法.doc

9Aunit3语法

(一)动词不定式用法

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。

但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。

另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。

动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是notto+do。

下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。

1.作主语

可以直接作主语。

如:

Toseeistobelieve.

但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。

如:

It'swrongtoplaytricksonotherpeople.

It'sourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy.

点击规律:

动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在Itis+adj.(形容词)+todosth.或Itis+n.(名词)+todosth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。

2.作宾语

a.want,decide,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。

如:

Weagreedtostartearly.

Shewantstobeadoctor.

b.love,like,begin,start,hate,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。

点击规律:

上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。

提示板:

likedoing指经常性动作,而liketodo指一次性的动作。

如:

Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimnow.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。

c.stop,forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。

点击规律:

上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。

提示板:

1)stoptodosth.:

停止一件事,去做另一件事。

stopdoingsth.:

停止正在做的事。

例句:

Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstoppedtalking;whenhecameout,thestudentsstoppedtotalk.当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。

2)思考:

forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?

d.在find/feel+it+adj.+todosth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。

如:

Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleep.

Ifeeliteasytorecitethetext.

点击规律:

某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。

3.作宾语补足语

a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。

如:

Itellhimnottogotherebybus.

Edison'smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.

b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch,notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。

如:

Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursaday.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.

提示板:

若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。

如:

Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybytheboss.

Shewasheardtosinginthenextroom.

4.作定语:

放在被修饰的名词、代词后面

例句:

Ihavealotofworktodo.

Thedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy.

点击规律:

动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。

提示板:

如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。

如:

Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein.

Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith?

5.表语:

放在连系动词be后面

例句:

Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldiers'lives.

当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。

点击规律:

动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。

6.作状语

a.目的状语:

放在go,come,use,live,inorder等词后面。

如:

Icometoseeyou.

Herunsfastinordertogetthereintime.

b.原因状语:

放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,excited等词后面。

如:

Iamgladtoseeyouhere.

Iamsorrytotroubleyou.

c.作结果状语。

如:

Someoftheapplesarehardtoreach.

Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people.

7.与what,who,whose,when,where,how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。

如:

Idon'tknowwhattodonext.(宾语)

Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer.(宾语补足语)

It'sstillaquestionhowtogetthere.(主语)

1.Don'tforget_________theletter.

A.tosend     B.send     C.sending     D.beingsent

2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.

A.sit         B.siton    C.besat       D.besaton

3.Is______necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?

A.this        B.that      C.it          D.which

4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.

A.tosmoke    B.smoking  C.smokes     D.smoke

5.Mothertoldme________thewaterbeforeIdrankit.

A.boiling      B.boiled   C.boil         D.toboil

6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_______somefood.

A.buy        B.tobuy    C.buying      D.bought

7.Johnwasmade_______thecarforaweekasapunishment.

A.towash     B.washing  C.wash       D.tobewashing

8.Thesitting-roomneeds_______,butit'llhavetowaituntilSaturday.

A.becleaning    B.tobecleaned   C.clean      D.beingcleaned

9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois__________.

A.visittohim   B.tovisithim   C.visitinghim    D.visitedhim

10.LiYangadvisedme_________toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.

A.nottodrink    B.todrink   C.notdrinking   D.drinking

一.用动词不定式或ing分词填空

1.Ienjoy_________.(sing)2.Whatdoyouwant________(do)next?

3.Ilearnt______(swim)whenIwasthreeyearsold.4.Iwasveryupsetandstarted_____(cry).

5.Ihope_______(see)youagainsoon.6.Itisafinedaytoday,soIsuggest_____(go)forawalk.

7.Haveyoufinished_________(mop)thefloor.8.Hewasveryangryandrefuse__(say)anything.

9.WhereisLily?

Ineed________(talk)withher.

10.Iamtoofat,soIhavedecided_________(do)moreexercise.

二.选出正确答案

()1.Iusuallygo________withmymotheratweekends.

A.shopB.toshopC.shopping

()2.Heisnotoldenough________toschool.

A.togoB.goC.going

()3.Themanadmitted_________thebank.

A.robB.torobC.robbing

()4.Peoplemuststop________downtrees.

A.tocutB.cuttingC.cut

()5.I’drather_______acupofcoffee.

A.tohaveB.havingD.have

()6.Mikemanagedtogiveup_________.

A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smoke

()7.Iamsorrytohavekeptyou________forsuchalongtime.

A.towaitB.waitingC.wait

()8.Shehasanicevoice.Ioftenhearher________inthemorning.

A.singingB.tosingC.sing

()9.Idon’tliketravelingbyboat,italwaysmakesme______sick.

A.tofeelB.feelingC.feel

()10.Letme_______youaroundthecity.

A.showB.toshowC.showing

()11.Iputtheflowersontheporch_______fromtherain.

A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.tobeprotected

()12.Kathydecided______hardandmakeherself______behindtheothers.

A.towork;notfallB.working;nottofall

C.towork;fallD.working;tofall

()13.Sheforgot_______theTVwhenshelefthome.

A.toturnoffB.turnedoffC.turningoffD.turnoff

()14.Myparentswantme________goodmarks.

A.getB.togetC.gettingD.got

()15.ThedoctoraskedMary________themedicinethreetimesaday.

A.nottoremembertakingB.nottoforgettaking

C.nottoremembertotakeD.nottoforgettotake

()16.Hisjobis________thestudents’meetings.

A.organizeB.toorganizeC.organizingD.organized

()17.Whatabout_______alettertoyourfriendontheInternet?

A.trysendingB.trytosendC.tryingsendingD.tryingtosend

()18.Lethim________itbyhimself.

A.todoB.doingC.didD.do

()19.Thecustomerswatchedtheunusualbird_______intheinn.

A.danceB.todanceC.dancedD.dancing

()20.Atthepolicestation,theboyadmitted_______thenecklaceatlast.

A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.steal

()21.Itisimpossible________.

A.formetogotobedearlyB.tometogotobedearly

C.formegotobedearlyD.tomegotobedearly

()22.Iremember________mywallethere.ButIcan’t_______now.

A.putting;findB.toput;finding

C.toput;befoundD.putting;befound

()23.Couldyoutellme_______workouttheproblem?

A.howB.howcanIC.howtoD.howwillI

()24.Isawalittleboy________akiteyesterdayafternoon.

A.flewB.flyC.toflyD.flying

()25.Hisjokesmadeusall_________.

A.tolaughB.laughingC.laughD.laughing

()26.It’sverykindofyou_______mewithmyEnglish.

A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps

()27.Hepromised__________meanicecar.

A.buyB.tobuyC.boughtD.tohavebought

()28.Mothertoldme________walkalongtheriver.

A.donotB.nottoC.tonotD.not

()29.Herambitionis________anengineer.

A.becomeB.tobecomeC.beD./

()30.You’dbetter________arestnow.

A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had

()31.Thankyoufor________methesecret.

A.tellingB.tellC.totellD.told

()32.Iusedto______inthecountryside,nowIamusedto_____inthecity

A.living;liveB.living;livingC.live;livingD.live;live

()33.Thedetectiveisbusy_______cluesandhehas_______somevaluableproof.

A.lookingfor;findB.finding;lookedfor

C.lookingfor;foundD.find;lookedfor

()34.Thisfilmisworth________.

A.toseeB.seeingC.seenD.saw

()35.Iwasallowedtoplayfootballafter_________myhomework.

A.doB.didC.doingD.done

()36.Chinaisbecoming__________.

A.strongandstrongBstrongerandstrong

C.strongerandstrongerD.strongandstronger

()37.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan________ofAmerica.

A.thoseB.thatC.itD.this

()38.Ourcityisgetting_________.

A.morebeautifulandmorebeautiful

B.moreandmorebeautiful

C.beautifulerandbeautifuler

D.beautifulandbeautiful

()39.TaxisinShenyangarecheaperthan________inBeijing.

A.thatB.itC.thisD.those

()40.Iprefer_______basketballto_______football.

A.playing;playingB.playing;play

C.play;playingD.play;

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