动词的三单形式、现在分词、过去式、过去分词的变化规律.doc
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主语是第三人称单数形式时，动词的变化
1.一般在词尾加-s
get、make、cook、need
2.以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，在词尾加-es
go、do、miss、pass、teach、watch、catch、match、touch、wash、fish、finish、smash、box、relax、mix、fax
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改i再加es
fly、fry、try、cry、dry、carry、study、worry、embody体现具体表达、justify证明、empty、
4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，直接加s
play、stay、buy、pray、pay、say、lay下蛋
5.不规则变化
have-has、
动词的ing形式构成法
1.一般在词尾加-ing
do、meet、watch、wash、read
2.以（不发音的）e结尾的词，去e加-ing
close、dance、live、like、love、bore、phone、ride、move、hope、decide、write
3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，呈现
“辅+元+辅”结构
需双写最后一个字母再加-ing
1、一个m、两个d、两个g
（swim/nod,rid/dig,beg）
2、三个n，四个p、11个t
（run，win，begin）
（dip，drop，mop，stop）
（sit，hit，fit，set，get，let，put，cut，regret，forget，pat）
4.以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y再加-ing
lie-lying、die-dying
动词的过去式的构成法
1.一般在词尾加-ed
watch、wash、open、play
2.以（不发音的）e结尾的词，在词后直接加-d
close、dance、live、like、love、bore、phone、ride、move、hope、decide、write
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改i再加ed
fly、fry、try、cry、dry、carry、study、worry、embody、justify、empty、
4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，呈现“辅+元+辅”结构
需双写最后一个字母再加-ed
shop、stop、plan、trip、beg、hop、skip、drag、drop、dot、drip、fret、
5.不规则变化
规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：
1.在清辅音后读作[t]。
如：
asked,helped,watched,stopped
2在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。
如：
enjoyed,studied,moved,called
3.在t/d后读作[id]。
如：
wanted,needed
不规则动词的过去式见课本后的不规则动词表。
大体上归纳有以下几条记忆法：
1.以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。
如：
put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat，cost—cost，hit—hit
2.以d结尾的词，把d变成t。
如:
build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent（read—read）
3.以n结尾的词，在词后加t。
如：
mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt
4.以ow/aw结尾的词，把ow/aw变成ew。
如：
blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew，throw—threw
5.含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。
如：
keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt，sweep—swept
6.只去掉一个e：
feed—fed，meet—met
7.闭音节词，改i为a。
如：
sit—sat,swim—swam,ring—rang,drink—drank，sing—sang，begin—began，
8.开音节词，改i为o。
如：
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote,
9.buy—bought,bring—brought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
10.lay—laid,say—said,pay—paid母鸡“下蛋”并“摆放”好后，“说”，“付钱”
11.is/am—was,are—were,have/has—had,do—did,go—went,run—ran,see—saw,fly—flew,get—got,win—won,eat—ate,come—came,make—made,tell—told,take—took,fall—fell,speak—spoke,wear—wore,stand—stood,become—became,forget—forgot,hear—heard,
can—could,will—would,shall—should,find—found
不规则动词的过去分词变化形式
1、AAA动词原形，过去式，过去分词相同
cost---cost----costcut---cut---cuthit---hit---hithurt---hurt---hurtlet---let---letput---put---putread---read---readset---set---setshut---shut---shutspread---spread---spread
2、ABA动词原形与过去分词相同
become-----became-----becomecome----came-----comerun---ran---run
3、动词过去分词有两个
burn---burned/burnt---burned/burntdream---dreamed/dreamt---dreamed/dreamt
learn---learned/learnt---learned/learntsmell---smelled/smelt---smelled/smelt
spell---spelled/spelt---spelled/spelt
4、在动词原形后加---en/n构成过去分词
be---was/were—beenbeat-----beat----beatendrive---drove----driven
ride---rode----riddenrise---rose----riseneat----ate-----eaten
fall---fell---fallengive----gave----givenshake----shook---shaken
see----saw---seentake---took---takenblow---blew---blown
draw---drew---drawngrow---grew---grownknow---knew---known
show---showed---shownthrow---threw---thrownwrite—wrote---written
5、动词原形i过去式a过去分词u
begin---began----begunsing---sang----sungring---rang---rung
swim---swam----swumdrink---drank----drunk
6、在过去式后加n构成过去分词
break---broke---brokenforget---forgot---forgottenchoose---chose---chosenfreeze---froze----frozenhide---hid---hiddenspeak---spoke---spoken
steal---stole---stolenwake---woke---wokenwear---wore---worn
7、动词过去式与过去分词相同
bring---brought---broughtbuy---bought--boughtfight---fought---fought
think---thought---thoughtcatch---caught---caughtteach---taught---taught
dig---dug---dugfeed---fed----fedfind---found---found
get----got---gothang----hung----hunghear—heard---heard
hold----held----heldkeep---kept----keptlay---laid---laid
lead---led---ledleave---left----leftlend---lent---lent
lose---lost---lostmake----made---mademean---meant—meant
meet---met---metpay---paid---paidsay---said---said
sell---sold---soldsend----sent---sentshine----shone----shone
sit----sat----satsleep----slept----sleptspend---spent---spent
stand----stood---stoodstick----stuck----stucksweep---swept---swept
tell---told----toldunderstand----understood---understood
win---won---wonfeel---felt---felthave----had---had
8、特殊记忆
do---did---donego---went---gone
动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化
AB型
can—couldshall—shouldwill—wouldmay—might
AAA型
cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurt
let—let—letmust—must—mustput—put—putset—set—set
shut—shut—shutread—read—read
AAB型
beat—beatbeaten
ABA型
becomebecamebecome
comecamecome
runranrun
ABB型
bringbroughtbrought
buyboughtbought
thinkthoughtthought
catchcaughtcaught
teachtaughttaught
buildbuiltbuilt
lendlentlent
sendsentsent
spendspentspent
digdugdug
hanghunghung
feelfeltfelt
keepkeptkept
sleepsleptslept
sweepsweptswept
leaveleftleft
smellsmeltsmelt
spillspiltspilt
laylaidlaid
paypaidpaid
saysaidsaid
sellsoldsold
telltoldtold
sitsatsat
spitspatspat
standstoodstood
understandunderstoodunderstood
learnlearntlearnt
meanmeantmeant
spoilspoiltspoilt
shineshoneshone
winwonwon
havehadhad
makemademade
hearheardheard
findfoundfound
holdheldheld
ABC型
beginbeganbegun
drinkdrankdrunk
ringrangrung
singsangsung
sinksanksunk
swimswamswum
blowblewblown
flyflewflown
growgrewgrown
knowknewknown
throwthrewthrown
drawdrewdrawn
showshowedshown
breakbrokebroken
choosechosechosen
forgetforgotforgotten
freezefrozefrozen
speakspokespoken
wakewokewoken
drivedrovedriven
eatateeaten
fallfellfallen
givegavegiven
hidehidhidden
rideroderidden
riseroserisen
taketooktaken
mistakemistookmistaken
writewrotewritten
am,iswasbeen
arewerebeen
dodiddone
gowentgone
lielaylain
seesawseen
wearworeworn
易错型
showshowedshown
drawdrewdrawn
fallfellfallen
feelfeltfelt
holdheldheld
helphelpedhelped
thinkthoughtthought
thankthankedthanked
taketooktaken
talktalkedtalked
getgotgot
forgetforgotforgotten
meetmetmet
meanmeantmeant
hithithit
hidehidhidden
ringrangrung
bringbroughtbrought
eatateeaten
beatbeatbeaten
lielaylain
laylaidlaid
findfoundfound
foundfoundedfounded
buyboughtbought
bringbroughtbrought
learnlearntlearnt
hearheardheard
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