novelty of this investigation is the introduction of type I and type II learning for message schedul.docx

novelty of this investigation is the introduction of type I and type II learning for message schedul.docx

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noveltyofthisinvestigationistheintroductionoftypeIandtypeIIlearningformessageschedul

Providing100%ofabuilding'sheatingandhotwaterusingasolarthermalsysteminaEuropeanclimatehasbeenshowntobebothpracticallyfeasibleandfunctionallysuccessfulforanewapartmentbuildinginSwitzerland.Theresearchconductedalifecycleassessmentofthesolarthermalsystemandcomparedtheresultswithanair-sourceheat-pump,ground-sourceheatpump,naturalgasfurnace,oilfurnaceandawood-pelletfurnace.Usingarangeoflifetimescenariositwasfoundthatthesolarthermalsystemdisplayspotentiallysignificantadvantagesoverallothersystemsintermsofreductionsforpurchasedprimaryenergy（from84to93%）andreductionsinGHGemissions（from59to97%）.However,duetotheheavyindustrialprocessesandtheparticularmetalsusedinmanufacturing,thesolarthermalsystemwasshowntohaveahigherdemandforresourceswhich,inrelationtothenaturalgassystem,canbebyafactorofalmost38.Potentialimpactsonecosystemqualityweremarginallyworsethanfortheheat-pumpandfossilfuelsystemsduetoresourceuseimpactswhilstpotentialhumanhealthimpactsweresimilartotheheatpumpsystemsbutbetterthanthefossilandbiomassfuelledsystems.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Systemscharacteristicsanddatacollection

2.1.Thesolarthermalsystem（STS）

2.2.Theheatingsystemsusedinthecomparison

2.3.Sensitivityanalysis（SA）

2.4.Energysupplyanddemandofthesolarthermalsystem

2.5.Inventorydatacollection

3.Lifecycleassessmentresults

3.1.Impactassessmentmethodology

3.2.Primaryenergyuse

3.3.Abioticresourcedepletion

3.4.Greenhousegas（GHG）emissions

3.5.Ecosystemquality

3.6.Humanhealth

4.Discussion

5.Conclusions

References

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141

Isforeigntradeimportantforregionalgrowth?

EmpiricalevidencefromPortugal  OriginalResearchArticle

EconomicModelling,Volume28,Issue3,May2011,Pages1363-1373

EliasSoukiazis,MicaelaAntunes

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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Theaimofthisstudyistoinvestigatewhetheropenness,exportsharesortradebalancesaffectregionalgrowthinPortugal.Humancapitalisalsoconsideredasaconditionalfactortogrowth,expressedbytherateofsuccessinhighschooleducation.Thus,weanalysewhetherthecombinationofinternationaltradeandhumancapitalisrelevanttoexplainregionalgrowthinPortugalandhowitaffectstheconvergenceprocessbetweenregions.Intheempiricalanalysis,interactiontermsareintroducedtoexploretheexistenceofdifferentperformancesbetweenregionsoftheLittoralandtheInterior.Asanalternativetothetraditionalapproachthatconsidersthepopulationgrowthrate,weincludetheshareofsectoralemploymentaimingtocapturelabourspecialisationinthemainsectorsofeconomicactivityandmeasureitsimpactonregionalgrowth.

TheempiricalanalysisestimatestheconditionalconvergencemodeloftheBarro'stype,appliedtothePortugueseNUTS3regionsfortheperiod1996–2005.TheGMMestimationapproachappliedtoregionalpaneldatarevealsthatfactorsassociatedwithexternaltrade,humancapitalandsectorallabourshare（especiallyoftheindustrialsector）arerelevanttoexplainregionalgrowthandconvergenceinPortugal.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Theimportanceoftradeongrowthandconvergence

3.Theconvergencemodelwithtrade

4.RegionaldisparitiesinPortugal

4.1.Differencesinregionalpercapitaincome

4.2.Incomedispersion

4.3.Foreigntradeindicators

4.4.Educationalstandards

4.5.Employmentsharebysectorofactivity

5.Empiricalresults

5.1.Themodelandthevariables

5.2.Theestimationmethod

5.3.Analysisoftheregressionresults

6.Finalconclusions

References

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Researchhighlights

►Regionalgrowthwithforeigntrade,humancapitalandsectorallabourshare.►PaneldataandGMMestimationapproach.►InteriorandLittoralareas.

142

Anevaluationofthepolicyandtechno-economicfactorsaffectingthepotentialforbiogasupgradingfortransportfueluseintheUK  OriginalResearchArticle

EnergyPolicy,Volume39,Issue3,March2011,Pages1806-1816

TimPatterson,SandraEsteves,RichardDinsdale,AlanGuwy

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Abstract

Gaseousbiofuelsincludingbiomethane,whichhasbeenshowntobemoreenvironmentallybeneficialthanliquidbiofuels,shouldcontributetomeetingthechallengingUKtargetssetforthesupplyingofbiofuelstotheroadtransportfuelmarket.UndertheRenewableTransportFuelObligationsthefinancialincentivesforthesupplyofbiofuelshavebeenvolatile,e.g.2008/2009sawRenewableTransportFuelCertificatevaluesfalltozero.Anyshortfallfromthemaximumvaluehassignificantimplicationsforallbiofuels.ItisdemonstratedthatbiomethanecanbeproducedatacostwhichiscompetitivewithliquidbiofuelsandfossilfuelswithintheUK.Technologiessuchaswaterscrubbing,pressureswingadsorptionandphysicalandchemicalabsorptionareavailabletoupgradebiogasgeneratedbyanaerobicdigestionoforganicwastestotransportfuelquality,andtechnologiessuchasmembraneseparationandcryogenicdistillationarebeingmodifiedforsuchanapplication.ThemanufactureandsaleofbiomethaneasatransportfuelisalsofinanciallycompetitivewithCombinedHeatandPower.Onelimitingfactormaybetheadditionalcostofpurchasingandmaintainingbiomethanefuelledvehicles.Supportinthisareacouldleadtotherapidexpansionofbiomethanetransportfuelinfrastructureandbringsignificantlongtermenvironmentalandeconomicadvantages.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Biogasupgradingtechnologyreview

2.1.Pressureswingadsorption

2.2.Waterscrubbing

2.3.Physicalabsorption

2.4.Chemical（amine）scrubbing

2.5.Membraneseparation

2.6.Cryogenictechnique

3.Summaryofenergeticperformanceofbiogasupgradingtechniques

4.Methanelosses

5.Economicassessmentofupgradingtechnologies

5.1.FuelDutyDifferential

5.2.Renewabletransportfuelobligation

5.3.ThefutureoftheRTFO

6.EconomicviabilityofupgradingbiogasfordirectuseasvehiclefuelintheUK

7.VehiclefuelorCombinedHeatandPower（CHP）?

8.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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Researchhighlights

►Atechnicalsummaryofcommerciallyavailablebiogasupgradingtechnologiesismade.►Anassessmentofenergetic,environmentalandeconomicperformanceisincluded.►Proposedfinancialsubsidiesforbiomethanetransportfuelareinvestigated.►Biomethanecanbefinanciallycompetitivewithliquidbiofuels.►Theenhancedenvironmentalperformanceofbiomethaneshouldbereflectedbythelevelofsubsidy.

143

Developmentofarealtimeenergymonitoringplatform  OriginalResearchArticle

InternationalJournalofElectricalPower&EnergySystems,Volume33,Issue1,January2011,Pages137-146

RamazanBayindir,ErdalIrmak,İlhamiColak,AskinBektas

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Abstract

Thisstudyintroducesdevelopmentofauser-friendlyandquiteeffectualenergymonitoringsystemwhichhasbeeninstalledinElectricalEducationDepartmentofGaziUniversityinTurkeyandinusesinceNovember2007.Thesystemdevelopedmonitorsdatainrealtimeusingapowerfulenergyanalyzerwhichiscapableofmeasuringmanyparametersofenergyconsumedinthebuilding.TherealtimedatameasuredbythepoweranalyzeraretransferredtoahostcomputerviaRS485serialcommunicationprotocolandthencollectedinadatabasecontinuously.Thus,parametersofenergymeasuredaresuccessfullyfollowed,archived,andpresentedasgraphicalforms.

Themonitoringsystempresentedinthestudyintegratestoquitevisualandquiteuserfriendlyinterfacewithpowerfulandflexiblehardware.Therefore,severalfunctionscanbeperformedeasilyandsafelybysimpleactions.Ontheotherhand,thesystempresentedinourpaperisdevelopedinauniversity,soitcanbeusedbystudentstolearnenergysystemsandparameters.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Onlineenergymonitoring

3.Developedenergymonitoringsystem

3.1.Hardware

3.2.Software

4.Implementationandexperimentalresults

5.Conclusion

References

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144

Socialcapitalandthecourseofdepression:

Six-monthprospectivecohortstudy  OriginalResearchArticle

JournalofAffectiveDisorders,Volume129,Issues1-3,March2011,Pages149-157

MartinWebber,PeterHuxley,TirrilHarris

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Abstract

Background

Previousresearchhasfoundaninversecross-sectionalrelationshipbetweenanindividual'saccesstosocialcapital（definedasresourcesembeddedwithinsocialnetworks）anddepression,butthisrelationshiphasnotbeenrigorouslytestedinprospectiveresearch.Thisisthefirstlongitudinalstudytoevaluatetheeffectofsocialcapitalonthecourseofdepressionandsubjectivequalityoflifeinaclinicalpopulation.

Methods

Thiswasasix-monthprospectivecohortstudyofpeoplewithdepressioninprimarycareachievingafollow-uprateof91.3%（n = 158）.DepressionwasmeasuredwiththeHAD-Da