医学考博英语阅读理解讲义.docx

医学考博英语阅读理解讲义.docx

《医学考博英语阅读理解讲义.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《医学考博英语阅读理解讲义.docx（64页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

医学考博英语阅读理解讲义

考博阅读概况

考博院校难度：

第一类：

北大、社科院、党校

课程两大方向：

1）Reading2）Questions

阅读文章选材1）医学科普类文章2）社科类文章

看懂文章

熟记大纲内词汇，同时对大纲规定外词汇有所了解；克服长难句

能抓住文章重点和主题

做题准确定位问题答案，熟悉各种题型，能对选项进行正确筛选

复习计划

1、词汇

要有基本的六级词汇量，再增加2000左右医学科普类词汇，包括常见疾病名称、常见器官名称、常见医疗器械名称、生物科技新进展等方面的词汇大体需要8000多个单词，重点复习高中以上的近4000个单词，主要是动词和形容词。

2、如何背单词

1小时40个单词左右艾宾浩斯记忆曲线（如右）单词背诵保证3-5天内复习一次，7天左右复习第二次，后一次复习时间间隔倍增，经过7次记熟单词

研究历年真题

做题步骤：

1）先做模拟2）学习该篇文章，查询每一个不认识的单词，同时看懂每句话，并能翻译3）分析文章结构4）题目分析5）选项分析

精读、泛读能力的训练

1）医疗期刊2）西方大网站的健康栏目和频道NewYorkTimesTheEconomist

泛读训练目标1）练速度2）练猜测、练跳跃3）了解文章背景，西方背景

泛读资料1）卫生类职称英语资料2）医学英语类教材3）英语世界等小杂志

方法总结：

一、快速多次背单词

二、精读历年真题

三、精读训练

四、定量定范围做泛读

第二章考博阅读理解专项练习

2002年人民大学真题

Passage24（2002中国人民大学）

　　Realpolicemen,bothBritainandtheUnitedStateshardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV—iftheyevergethomeintime.Therearesimilarities,ofcourse,butthecopsdon'tthinkmuchofthem.

　　Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman'srealliferevolvesroundthelaw.Mostofhistrainingisincriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownanalleyaftersomeonehehastotalkto.

　　Littleofhistimeisspentinchattingtoscantilycladladiesorindramaticconfrontationswithdesperatecriminal.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguilty—ornot—ofstupid,pettycrimes.

　　Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal;assoonashe'sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattacks—wherefailuretoproduceresultsreflectsonthestandingofthepolice—littleeffortisspentonsearching.Thepolicehaveanelaboratemachinerywhicheventuallyshowsupmostwantedmen.

　　Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.Muchofthishastobegivenbypeoplewhodon'twanttogetinvolvedinacourtcase.Soaswellasbeingoverworked,adetectivehastobeoutatallhoursofthedayandnightinterviewinghiswitnessesandpersuadingthem,usuallyagainsttheirownbestinterests,tohelphim.

　　Athirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantmoraltwilightinwhichtherealonelives.Detectivesaresubjecttotwoopposingpressures:

firstasmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehavewithabsolutelegality,secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.

　　Ifthedetectivehastodeceivetheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimplemindedness—asheseesit—ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,lawmakers,andjudges,who,insteadofstampingoutcrimepunishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatninetenthsoftheirworkisreachingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.Thismakesthemrathercynical.

16．Itisessentialforapolicemantobetrainedincriminallaw________.

　　A．sothathecancatchcriminalsinthestreets

　　B．becausemanyofthecriminalshehastocatcharedangerous

　　C．sothathecanjustifyhisarrestsincourt

　　D．becausehehastoknownearlyasmuchaboutlawasaprofessionallawyer

17．Theeverydaylifeofapolicemanordetectiveis________.

　　A．excitingandglamorous

　　B．fullofdanger

　　C．devotedmostlytoroutinematters

　　D．wastedonunimportantmatters

18．Whenmurdersandterroristattacksoccurthepolice________.

　　A．prefertowaitforthecriminaltogivehimselfaway

　　B．spendalotofeffortontryingtotrackdowntheirman

　　C．trytomakeaquickarrestinordertokeepuptheirreputation

　　D．usuallyfailtoproduceresults

19．Therealdetectivelivesin“anunpleasantmoraltwilight”because________.

　　A．heisanexpensivepublicservant

　　B．hemustalwaysbehavewithabsolutelegality

　　C．heisobligedtobreakthelawinordertopreserveit

　　D．hefeelshimselftobecutofffromtherestoftheworld

20．Detectivesarerathercynicalbecause________.

　　A．ninetenthsoftheirworkinvolvesarrestingpeople

　　B．hardlyanyonetellsthemthetruth

C．societydoesnotpunishcriminalsseverelyenough

D．toomanycriminalsescapefromjail

1、扫描题干，提炼关键词1）找共性词2）重点关注问原因的题3）重点关注与作者有关的题

2、通读全文，抓住中心通读是以抓住文章主旨和结构为目的的一种快速阅读方式。

通读中要把握两点：

（1）首段原则，即文章第一段或前1/4尽量逐字逐句读懂

（2）首末句原则：

抓住段落主旨，一般出现在首句、末句或段中转折词后。

在看懂主旨的情况下，粗略阅读细节、论据、例子、数字、引言等信息，无需重复和回读抓住中心就是要明确下述三个问题：

（1）本文的核心话题是什么？

（2）各段大意是什么？

（3）作者观点和态度

3、确定题型，排除干扰项

七种常见错误选项陷阱：

（1）偷换概念

（2）正反混淆：

较难词替换，单数否定（3）时态错误（4）扩大范围（5）无中生有（无关常识，无关真理）（6）答非所问（尤其细节题）（7）虚拟语气

语法：

（1）定语从句

（2）名词性从句：

主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句（3）分词状语（4）独立主格（5）虚拟语气

2000年试题

Passage1

　　Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.

　　Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith．（Nowthereisnone:

ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.）Foreignmadecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America'smachinetoolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.

　　Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.

　　Howthingshavechanged!

In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Selfdoubthasyieldedtoblindpride．“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequickwitted,”accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment．“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”

1．TheU.S．achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarⅡbecause______．

　　[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal

　　[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore

[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotential

competitors

　　[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy

2．ThelossofU.S．predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican______.

　　[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket

[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises

　　[C]machinetoolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions

　　[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket

　3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

　　[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenselfdoubtandblindpr

　　[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.

[C]Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternational

cooperation.

　　[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.

　4．TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S．economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe______．

　　[A]turningofthebusinesscycle

　　[B]restructuringofindustry

　　[C]improvedbusinessmanagement

　　[D]successineducation

定位原则

1、信号词定位2、自然段顺序原则3、长难句定位原则

细节题解题原则

将选项逐一与原文核对，不要凭印象做题。

Passage4

Ihadneverbeeninthepublicwardofahospitalbefore,anditwasmyfirstexperienceofdoctorswhohandleyouwithoutspeakingtoyouor,inahumansense,takinganynoticeofyou.Theyonlyputonsixglassesinmycase,butafterdoingsotheyscarifiedtheblistersandappliedtheglassesagain,Eachglassnowdrewoutaboutadessertspoonfulofdark-coloredblood,Ihadachesandpainsallover.AsIlaydownagain,humiliated,disgustedandfrightenedbythethingthathadbeendonetome,Ireflectedthatnowatleasttheywouldleavemealone.Butno,notabitofit.Therewasanothertreatmentcoming,themustardpoultice,seeminglyamatterofroutinelikethehotbath.Twoslatternlynurseshadalreadygot