高中化学选修5化学方程式总汇Word格式文档下载.doc
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1.CH2=CH2+Br2→CH2Br—CH2Br
催化剂
2.CH2=CH2+H2OCH3CH2OH
3.CH2=CH2+HClCH3CH2Cl
△
4.CH2=CH2+H2CH3—CH3
5.nCH2=CH2[CH2—CH2]n
6.CnH2n+3n/2O2nCO2+nH2O
炔烃(乙炔为例)
1.CH≡CH+2H2CH3—CH3
2.CH≡CH+HClCH2=CHCl
3.CH≡CH+Br2→CHBr=CHBr
4.CH≡CH+2Br2→CHBr2—CHBr2
Cl
5.nCH2=CHCl[CH2—CH]n
苯
浓硫酸
55~60℃
1.+HNO3—NO2+H2O
FeCl3
2.+Br2(液溴)—Br+HBr
3.+3H2
苯的同系物(甲苯为例)
CH3
O2N—
—NO2
NO2
1.+3HNO3+3H2O
KMnO4(H+)
—COOH
2、
H2O
170℃
卤代烃(溴乙烷为例)
1.CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH3CH2OH+NaBr
醇
2.CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O
1.2CH3CH2OH+2Na→2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑
2.CH3CH2OH+HBrCH3CH2Br+H2O
3.CH3CH2OHCH2=CH2↑+H2O
140℃
4.2CH3CH2OHCH3CH2—O—CH2CH3+H2O
Cu或Ag
5.2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O
6.2CH3CH(OH)CH3+O22CH3COCH3+H2O
7.C(CH3)3OH+O2很难被氧化
ONa
OH
酚(苯酚为例)
1.2+2Na→2+H2↑
2.+NaOH→+H2O
3.+CO2+H2O→+NaHCO3
4.+Na2CO3→+NaHCO3
Br—
—Br
Br
5.+3Br2→↓+3HBr
FeCl3溶液
6.溶液呈紫色
醛(乙醛为例)
1.CH3CHO+H2CH3CH2OH
2.2CH3CHO+O22CH3COOH
3.CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OHCH3COONH4+3NH3+H2O+2Ag↓
4.CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2+NaOHCH3COONa+Cu2O↓+3H2O
羧酸酯
1.CH3CHOOH+CH3CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH3+H2O
稀硫酸
2.CH3COOCH2CH3+H2OCH3CHOOH+CH3CH2OH
3.CH3COOCH2CH3+NaOH→CH3CHOONa+CH3CH2OH
3