高考决战英语构词法在高考中的应用和练习答案.docx

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高考决战英语构词法在高考中的应用和练习答案.docx

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高考决战英语构词法在高考中的应用和练习答案.docx

高考决战英语构词法在高考中的应用和练习答案

20XX年高考决战精品:

英语构词法在高考中的应用和练习答案

本课要点:

1.各类词性的正确使用及转化

2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义

3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量

考情分析:

1.Wedranktogetherandtalked_____(merry)tillfarintothenight.(07高考)

2.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir(nature)course.(08高考)

3.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather__(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.(09高考)

4.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_______(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.(10高考)

考点精讲:

Friendshipschangeasourneedsandlifestyleschange.

Don’ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.

Theywatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.

英语构词法主要有三种方法:

一..合成(Compounding):

由两个或更多的词合成一个词

eg.house(房子)+wife(妻子)----housewife(家庭主妇)

二.转化(Conversion):

由一个词类转化为另一个词类:

eg.water(n.)水---water(v.)浇水

三.派生(Derivation):

通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:

eg.happy----unhappy加前缀一般不改变原词的,只改变其。

happy----happiness加后缀改变了原词的

一.合成法:

…Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.…

Whatdoestheword“shoplifter”mean?

A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员

C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工

请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。

1.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.

2.Down-to-earthspiritisanecessity.Sharpwordsfromateachercanusuallybringaday-dreamingstudentdown-to-earth.

3.Foratimewewrote,andherletterswerethehighlightofthoseterribleendlessyears.

2.转化法:

Heisamanwithbroadshoulders.

Wewillshouldertheresponsibilitiesatanytime.

NobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneytoestablishtheNobelprizes.(08高考)

触类旁通:

feedcauseuseflynativemajormailemptycheatfree

3.派生法(重点):

(1)前缀

1.否定前缀:

il-im-in-ir-dis-mis-un-non-

请为下列单词找出适当的否定前缀。

balanceconcernactivepatientpossibleunderstandlegallucky

politeregularagreeusehonestadvantagestopsmokerfair

2.请找出下列单词的前缀,并讨论前缀所含意义

retellrepayantiaircraftoversleepoverlooksupermancoeducation

subwaysubtitleinternationalinterviewenlargetransport

归纳:

 

巩固练习:

1…Itwouldbeeasyforsomeonetomispresenthimselfonlinebecauseyoucan’tseehim.Thussomeonewhosaysthat“sheisa12-year-oldgirl.”couldreallybeanoldman.

Whatdoestheword“mispresent”mean?

A.Makingawrongjudgmentabout

B.Understandingsomebodywrongly

C.Givingawrongdescriptionof

D.Formingawrongopinionabout

2….Thecomputeralsocountstheloadsandgivesasignalbyphonewhentheboxisfull.Andaspecialpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenonrecyclables.

3….Anothermythabouteyesisthattheycanbetransplanted.Itisquitedifficulttoconnectaneyeballtoanewbrain…

(2)后缀

1.常见的名词后缀

A:

表示人的后缀:

B:

其它常见的后缀:

技巧点拨:

动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接或动名词,如果所给单词是其它词类,就要将其改为,并注意名词数的变化。

动词,名词,形容词时都有可能会考否定形式,一定要根据语境来判断。

(1)His(careful)resultedintheterribleaccident

(2)Hewasoneofthe(visit)whothoughthighlyofTom,theirguide.

2.常见的形容词后缀

-al;–an;–ern;-ble;–ish;–ive;–y;-ful;-less–ly;-ous表示具有…的性质,或与…有关

e.g.practical,American,southern,possible,foolish,native,rainy,careless,careful

3.常见的副词后缀:

-ly表示方式,程度:

freely,happily

-ward(s)表示方向:

westwards

技巧点拨:

动词前后、形容词前后可有,这时,如果所给词为形容词,则需将其变为副词。

如果所给词为名词或动词,可先将其变为形容词,再加后缀-ly。

另外,在答题时还要考虑副词级的变化。

名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语,连系动词后接形容词作表语。

如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。

如:

(1)Thelittlegirlis(extreme)eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.

(2)What,sthe(length)riverintheworld?

(3)The(strength)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.

4.动词后缀:

-fy(使…化);-ize(使…成为);–en(使…)

写出下列单词的动词形式。

beautymoderndeeprichrealquick

技巧点拨:

动词是句子的灵魂,在确定语法填空的答案时,要考虑句子中是否有谓语动词,如果谓语动词,需将所给词通过加前缀或后缀变成动词。

两个en含有使动用法:

en-(enrich)-en(widen)

 

易错点

1.Nowadaysmostaircraftflyhighly.

 

2.Theycanwatchlivelybroadcastballgamesathome.

3.”Wereallydidverywell,”criedthefairy,inapleasingvoice,”forIfoundlittleunhappinessamongthechildrenthismorning.

强化训练

1.Inaword,tosavetimeis_________(long)life.tolengthen

2.BeforethetripIthoughtwewererichbuttodayIlearntwhois_____(true)rich.3.Theracegaveagreatdealof________(please).(惠一调)

4.Itwashisninthyearofschoolandhisacademiccareerseemedtobeinruins,soIwasfullof_____(angry).(惠二调)

5..andviruses,soI’mverycarefulnottogiveoutmy_________(person)information.(惠三调)

6.Withthistheboygotupandwalkedaway,leavinghisfathersittingontheircomfortablesofa,totally_________(speech).(广一模)

7.MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy(appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent. (广州二模)

8..…(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutestocompletetherest. (09广州二模)

9..Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit_________(patience).(深一模)

10..“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid(rude).(09深一模)

11..Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto(understand)them.12.…youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe(entertain)field.(惠一模)

13.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat__________(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.(茂名二模)

14..Thestormdamagedseveral_________(new)builtbuildings,…(梅州二模)

15..Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery(benefit).Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative…(四校联考)

16.….theycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionthelatest_______(excite)footballmatch.(东莞一模)

解题心得小结:

介词,冠词,所有格后接_____;形容词修饰_____;副词修饰____________________

熟悉四会单词的意义、拼写和词性

注意

1.在做语法填空时,一定要善于根据上下文分析句子结构,句子成分,平时要多积累相关的单词,熟悉其词性,并利用好构词法等技巧。

2.最后,要检查一遍,大小写问题,单复数问题,字母是否缺漏,单词是否要双写(e.g.runner)不断地通过分析句子来检验自己的答案。

3.平时注重培养:

阅读、理解语篇的能力;分析句子结构的能力;熟练运用语法的能力。

实战演习

(1)

Ihated

(1)__________(wait)forherforhourswithout

(2)______(know)whenonearthshewouldcome.Onher(3)__________(arrive),shewouldalwayshuggedme,promisingnevertobelateagain.Iusedtostareatherin(4)__________(angry),tellingherfranklythather(5)__________(arrive)latemademeangryandthatIwantedtoendour(6)__________(relate).However,sheneverseemedtobe(7)__________(angrily).Shetoldmethatshealwaysthoughtofmeasoneofherbest(8)__________(friendly)andifIlefther,thatwouldbeasevere(9)_________(punish)toher.Finallywereachedan(10)_________(agree)thatwewouldstillbegoodfriends,butshemustn,tbelateagain.

(2)

Annwalkedoutofthechemicalfactory,annoyedather1(pleasant)interviewwithJack,thevicegeneralmanagerofthefactory.Annwastoldthefactoryhadbeenpouringwastewaterdirectlyintotheriver,makingthewater2(suit)todrink.Annthoughtitwasherdutyto3(close)thematterandhaditreportedinthenewspaper.Shealsothoughtitwas4(responsible)〖JP3〗forthefactorytodoso.Jackthoughtitwas5(proper)and6(legal)forAnntoreportthewholethinginpublicwithouttellingtheminadvance.

However,Annregardeditmostimportanttoensuretheresidentsnearthefactorytodrink7(pollution)water.ShetoldJackifhisfactorykeptonpollutingtheriver,hewassuretoanswerforwhathehaddoneoneday.

(3)

Itwasa

(1)_________(snow)winterSunday.Janesatinher

(2)_________(gloom)room,staringatthetelephone(3)________(sad),waiting(4)_______(eager)foraphonecallherunclepomisedherifhecouldmanagetofindherajob.Itwasalmost11o,clock,butthephonestillremained(5)__________(silence).Sheoncetoldherselfthatherunclecoulddonothingtohelpherandshethoughtshehadsome(6)__________(predict)poweraboutsuchkindofthings.However,shestillfeltit(7)__________(bear)whensheassumedherpredictioncametrue,soshecouldn,thelpweeping.Justthen,thetelephonerang.Itwasheruncle,tellingherthemanagerofhiscompanyagreedtogiveherachancebecausehethoughtJanewasa(8)__________(compete)girltodotheworkwell.ImaginehowhappyJanewasatthegoodnews.

(4)

Aftertheengineerwaitedfortwohourstohavetheplan

(1)_______(approve),hewalkedoutofthemayor,sofficeintothenarrowstreet,thinkingthattheadministrativeformalitiesmust

(2)_______(simple)tomakethingseasier,thenarrowstreetsofthecityshould(3)__________

(wide)andanothertheatreshouldbebuilt(4)_______(rich)people,slifeafterwork.Moremoneyshouldbespend(5)__________(industry)thecity.Besidesitwasimportant(6)_________(deep)and(7)________(wide)theriversothattherewouldbelessflood.Justthen,hesmeltadelicioussmelloutofarestaurantandherealizedhehadn,thadanythingfortenhours.Hethensaidtohimself,“WhyshouldIthinkofallthis?

AmIthemayor?

ThemostimportantthingIshoulddonowistoeatsomething.”He(8)__________(quick)hisstepstowardstherestaurant.

(5)

Eachofusfailsfromtimetotime.Ifwearewise,weacceptthese

(1)__________(fail)asanecessarypartofthelearningprocess.Butalltoooften

(2)__________parentsandteacherswedonotallowourchildrentohavethesameright.Weconveyeitherbywords(3)__________byactionsthatfailureissomethingtobeashamedof,andthatnothingbuttopperformancemeetswithour(4)__________(approve).

WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewasashy,nervousperfectionist.Hisfearoffailure(5)__________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.Heseldomansweredquestionsforfearthathewouldbewrong.Heseldomfinishedhisworkbecauseherepeatedlycheckedwithmetobesurehehadn,tmadea(6)__________(mistaken).Itriedmybesttobuilduphisself-confidence.AndIrepeatedlyaskedGodfor(7)__________(direct).Butnothingchangeduntilmidterm,(8)__________MaryAnne,ayoungstudentteacher,wasappointedtoourclassroom.Shewasyoungandpretty,andshel

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