郁达夫的《故都的秋》三种英译文(王椒升、张培基和张梦井Word格式.docx

郁达夫的《故都的秋》三种英译文(王椒升、张培基和张梦井Word格式.docx

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在南方每年到了秋天，总要想起陶然亭的芦花，钓鱼台的柳影，西山的虫唱，玉泉的夜月，潭柘寺的钟声。

在北平即使不出门去吧，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，早晨起来，泡一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看得到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。

从槐树叶底，朝东细数着一丝一丝漏下来的日光，或在破壁腰中，静对着像喇叭似的牵牛花（朝荣）的蓝朵，自然而然地也能够感觉到十分的秋意。

说到了牵牛花，我以为以蓝色或白色者为佳，紫黑色次之，淡红色最下。

最好，还要在牵牛花底，教长着几根疏疏落落的尖细且长的秋草，使作陪衬。

北国的槐树，也是一种能便人联想起秋来的点辍。

像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊，早晨起来，会铺得满地。

脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出—点点极微细极柔软的触觉。

扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲，潜意识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞,古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想，大约也就在这些深沉的地方。

秋蝉的衰弱的残声，更是北国的特产，因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无论在什么地方，都听得见它们的啼唱。

在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到的。

这秋蝉的嘶叫，在北方可和蟋蟀耗子一样，简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。

还有秋雨哩，北方的秋雨，也似乎比南方的下得奇，下得有味，下得更像样。

在灰沉沉的天底下，忽而来一阵凉风，便息列索落地下起雨来了。

一层雨过,云渐渐地卷向了西去，天又晴了，太阳又露出脸来了，着着很厚的青布单衣或夹袄的都市闲人，咬着烟管，在雨后的斜桥影里，上桥头树底下去一立，遇见熟人,便会用了缓慢悠闲的声调，微叹着互答着地说：

"

唉，天可真凉了（这了字念得很高，拖得很长。

）

“可不是吗？

一层秋雨一层凉了!

”

北方人念阵字，总老像是层字，平平仄仄起来，这念错的歧韵，倒来得正好。

北方的果树，到秋天，也是一种奇景。

第一是枣子树，屋角，墙头，茅房边上，灶房门口，它都会一株株地长大起来。

像橄榄又像鸽蛋似的这枣子颗儿，在小椭圆形的细叶中间，显出淡绿微黄的颜色的时候，正是秋的全盛时期，等枣树叶落，枣子红完，西北风就要起来了，北方便是沙尘灰土的世界，只有这枣子、柿子、葡萄，成熟到八九分的七八月之交，是北国的清秋的佳日，是一年之中最好也没有的GoldenDays。

有些批评家说，中国的文人学士，尤其是诗人，都带着很浓厚的颓废的色彩，所以中国的诗文里，赞颂秋的文字的特别的多。

但外国的诗人，又何尝不然？

我虽则外国诗文念的不多，也不想开出帐来，做一篇秋的诗歌散文钞，但你若去—翻英德法意等诗人的集子，或各国的诗文的Anthology来，总能够看到许多并于秋的歌颂和悲啼。

各著名的大诗人的长篇田园诗或四季诗里，也总以关于秋的部分。

写得最出色而最有味。

足见有感觉的动物，有情趣的人类，对于秋，总是一样地特别能引起深沉，幽远、严厉、萧索的感触来的。

不单是诗人，就是被关闭在牢狱里的囚犯，到了秋天，我想也一定能感到一种不能自己的深情，秋之于人，何尝有国别，更何尝有人种阶级的区别呢？

不过在中国，文字里有一个“秋士”的成语，读本里又有着很普遍的欧阳子的《秋声》与苏东坡的《赤壁赋》等,就觉得中国的文人，与秋和关系特别深了，可是这秋的深味，尤其是中国的秋的深味，非要在北方，才感受得到底。

南国之秋，当然也是有它的特异的地方的，比如甘四桥的明月，钱塘江的秋潮，普陀山的凉雾，荔枝湾的残荷等等，可是色彩不浓，回味不永。

比起北国的秋来，正像是黄河之与白干，稀饭之与馍馍，皱鱼之与大蟹，黄犬之与骆驼。

秋天，这北国的秋天，若留得住的话，我愿把寿命的三分之二折去，换得一个三分之一的零头。

AutumnintheOldCapital

Autumnisalwayspleasantnomatterwhereitis.ButautumnintheNorthisespeciallyclear,especiallyserene,especiallypatheticinitscoolness.Itwasfornootherpurposethantosavourthis"

autumn"

tothefull,thetasteofautumnintheoldcapital,thatIwenttothetroubleofjourneyingathousandli,fromHangzhoutoQingdao,andthencetoBeiping.

ThereisautumnalsosouthoftheYangtze,ofcourse.Buttherethegrassandtreestakemoretimetowither,theairismoistandtheskyispale.Thereisfrequentrainandlesswind.OnewhodwellsamongthecitizensofSuzhou,ShanghaiorHangzhou,ofXiamen,HongKongorGuangzhou,spendshisdayslistlessly,withbutavaguefeelingofcoolness.Astothetasteandcolourofautumn,itsparticularsignificanceandmoods,itisimpossibletohaveone'

sfillofseeing,tastingorenjoying.Autumnisnotafamousflower,noradeliciouswine.Itisinappropriatewhileenjoyingthepleasuresofautumntoexpectsomethinginastateofhalf-openorhalf-tipsy.

Itisalmostten-oddyearssinceIlasthadoccasiontoseeautumnintheNorth.IntheSouth,thereturnofeachautumnwouldbringmemoriesofthePavilionofHappinessnestlingamongredflowers,the

FishingTerracecanopiedbytheshadowsofwillows,thechirpofinsectsintheWesternHills,theglamourofmoonlightovertheJadeSprings,thechimeofbellsintheTanzhesiTemple.HereinBeiping,supposeyouarelivingamidstthecity'

steemingmillionsinaramshacklehousethatyouhaverented.Onrisingoneearlymorningandseatingyourselfinthecourtyardwithacupofstrongteabeforeyou,withoutevenventuringoutofdoorsyoucanseeanazureskyhighabove,andhearhomingpigeonswhirringpastunderit.Facingtheeast,youcounttheraysofsunlightfilteringthroughtheleavesofscholar-trees.Fromagapinsomedilapidatedwall,youbroodsilentlyoverthebluetrumpet-likepetalsofmorning-glories.Andasenseofthefullnessofautumnwillcomeuponyouunawares.Speakingofmorning-glories,theblueorwhiteflowersseemtomebest,thoseofdcrk-purplenextandthepinkoneslast.Andatthebottomofthemorning-glories,tocrownall,lettherebeasprinklingofsparse,sharp-pointedlongbladesofautumngrass,tosetofftheflowerswith.

Thescholar-treesinNorthChinaarealsoanattractionthatcallstomindtheadventofautumn.Yougetupintheearlymorning,tofindthegroundcarpetedalloverwiththeirfallenpetals,whichstillhavesomethingofthelookofflowers,thoughactuallynotflowersanylonger.Treadonthem,andyouareconsciousonlyofaveryslightandsoftsenseoftouch,withneithersoundnorsmell.Thelinesleftonthedustysoilbyscavengersintheirroundofsweepingundertheshadowsoftreesgiveanimpressionofexquisitenessaswellasserenity,sothatsubconsciouslyyoustillfeelasuggestionofloneliness.Itwasprobablysomethingasprofoundasthisthatinspiredthephantasyoftheancientsthatthefallofasingleleaffromthepcrasol-treeintimatestoalltheworldthearrivalofautumn.

Thechirpingofcicadasinautumn,feebleandlingering,isanotherspecialtyofNorthChina.InBeiping,everywherearetrees,andyoucancatchtheirsinginganywhere,thehousesbeingusuallysolow.IntheSouththiswouldbeanimpossibilityunlessyouwentoutofyourwaytogettothesuburbsorthehills.InBeiping,thechirpoftheautumncicadaisquitelikethechirpofacricketorthesqueakofamouse一domesticcreaturestobefoundineveryhousehold.

Thenthereistheautumnrain.SomehowraininautumnfallsintheNorthmoremagically,asitwere,thanitdoesintheSouth—moretastefully,morebecomingly.

Asuddengustofcoolwindacrossasombersky,andapatterofrainbegins.Whentherainsubsides,thesunreappearsinabluesky,andthecloudsdriftslowlywestward.Attheendoftheslantingbridge,silhouettedagainstitsshadowsaftertherain,standcityidlersunderthetrees,pipeinmouth,intheirthickunlineddressorlinedcoatofblackcloth.Andiftheychanceuponanacquaintance,somethinglikethefollowingdialoguemightensue,inaleisurelydrawlpunctuatedbyalowsigh.

Yes,it'

sgettingcoolreally■■■,,,withthelastwordraisedtoahighpitchandlong-drawn-out."

Yes,isn'

tit?

（Aspatterofautumnrain,aspellofcool7asthesayinggoes,youknow."

InaNortherner7saccents,thecharacterfor"

spa甘er"

and"

spell"

oftensoundsnotunlikethecharacterfor"

layer”.JudgingbythetonalpatternsinclassicalChineseprosody,thismispronunciationseemstocomeinquiteappropriately.

AnotherphenomenonintheNorthwhenaautumnarrivesisthefruit-trees.Tobeginwith,thereisthedate-tree,whichflourishesanywhereinthecornersofhouses,againstthewalls,besidethatchedhuts,outsidekitchendoors.Whenthedatesgrowtothesizeofolivesorpigeon7seggs,alightgreenoryellowsetamidstsmallfineovalleaves,thenautumnwillbeinallitsglory.Butthenorthwestwindwillblowassoonasthetreesshedtheirleavesandthedateshaveturnedred.ThenthewholeoftheNorthwillbecomeaworldofdustandsandandgrayishsoil.Soitisonlywhenthedates,persimmonsandgrapesareripetoabout80or90percent,atthejunctureofJulyandAugust,thatautumnintheNorthisatitsverybest—theGoldenDaysoftheyearbeyondcompare.

Intheopinionofsomecritics,menoflettersandscholarsinChina,especiallypoets,haveastrongtingeofdecadence.ThatiswhyinChinesepoetryandprosewritingsinpraiseofautumnparticularlyabound.Butthenisthisnotthecasealsowiththepoetsofothercountries?

LittleasIhavereadofforeignpoetryandprose,andnotinclinedeithertomokealistoftitlesforananthologyofpoetryandproseaboutautumn,IfeelsurethatifyoubuttakethetroubletoleafthroughtheworksofBritish,German,FrenchandItalianpoets,ortheanthologiesofverseandproseofvariouscountries,youareboundtocomeacrossanabundanceofencomiumsandlamentationsaboutautumn.Andinthelongpastoralpoemsaswellaspoemsabouttheseasonsbyallcelebratedpoets,itisthosewithautumnastheirthemethatpossessthegreatestexcellenceandappeal.Thisshowsthatinallsensitiveanimals,andinallemotionalhumanbeingsalike,autumniscapableparticularlyofarousingfeelingsthataredeepandprofound,seriousandmelancholy.Noristhisthecasewithpoetsonly.Whenautumncomes,tomymindevenprisonersingaolsmustbestirredbyapoignantemotiontheycannotresist.Infact,withallhumanbeings,whatdiscriminationdoesautumnevermakeastotheirnationality,theirraceorclass?

HereinChina,however,wehaveinourliteraturethetermuautumnscholar"

.Andinourschooltextbooks,essayslikeOuyangXiu'

s"

AutumnSounds"

andSuDongpo'

AVisittotheRed

Cliff"

frequentlyappear.ThiscannotbutleadustotheconclusionthatmenoflettersinChinaareparticularlyattachedtoautumn.Butthisprofoundtasteofautumn,especiallythisprofoundtasteofautumninChina,canbeenjoyedfullynowhereelsethanintheNorthChina.

AutumnintheSouth,needlesstosay,hascharmsallitsown.Forexample,theTwenty-fourBridgeswithitsbrilliantmoonlight,theAutumnBoreontheQiantcngRiver,thePutuoIslesenshroudedinmist,theLicheeBaystrewnwithfadinglotuses.Yetnoneofthesearestrongenoughincolour,orremainlongenoughinourrecollection.ComparedwithautumnintheNorth,theyarebutasyellowwinetowhitespirit,ricegrueltosteamedbuns,theperchtothecrab,thedogtothecamel.

IwouldthatIcouldgiveuptwo-thirdsofmylifeforanautumnone-thirditslength,shoulditbepossibletomakeautumnstay一thisautumnintheNorthofChina.

AutumninPeiping

Autumn,whereveritis,alwayshassomethingtorecommenditself.InNorthChina,howeverjtisparticularlylimpid,sereneandmelancholy.Toenjoyits