英文五十篇美文赏析文档格式.docx

英文五十篇美文赏析文档格式.docx

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Internetuseappearstocauseadeclineinpsychologicalwell-being,accordingtoresearchatCarnegieMellonUniversity.

EvenpeoplewhospentjustafewhoursaweekontheInternetexperiencedmoredepressionandlonelinessthanthosewhologgedonlessfrequently,thetwo-yearstudyshowed.Anditwasn’tthatpeoplewhowerealreadyfeelingbadspentmoretimeontheInternet,butthatusingtheNetactuallyappearedtocausethebadfeelings.

Researchersarepuzzlingovertheresults,whichwerecompletelycontrarytotheirexpectations.TheyexpectedthattheNetwouldprovesociallyhealthierthantelevision,sincetheNetallowsuserstochoosetheirinformationandtocommunicatewithothers.

ThefactthatInternetusereducestimeavailableforfamilyandfriendsmayaccountforthedropinwell-being,researchershypothesized.Faceless,bodiless“virtual”relationshipsformedthroughitmaybeshallower.AnotherpossibilityisthatexposuretothewiderworldviatheNetmakesuserslesssatisfiedwiththeirlives.

“Butit’simportanttorememberthisisnotaboutthetechnology;

it’sabouthowitisused”,sayspsychologistChristineRileyofIntel,oneofthestudy’ssponsors.“Itreallypointstotheneedforconsideringsocialfactorsintermsofhowyoudesignapplicationsandservicesfortechnology.”

Passage2

MessagefromtheSea

In1956ayoungsailoratseawasfeelingveryfarfromhisfamilyandfriends.Hewroteanoteandputitintoabottle.Thenheclosedthebottleandthrewitintotheocean.Thenoteinthebottleaskedanyprettygirlwhofoundittowritetohim.

TwoyearslateramanwasfishingonashoreinSicily.Thefishermansawthesailor’sbottleandpickeditup.Asajoke,hegaveittohisprettydaughter.Stillasajoke,thegirlwrotethelonelysailoraletter.Moreletterswentbackandforth.SoonthesailorvisitedSicily.Heandthegirlweremarriedin1958.

Thisisjustoneofthemanystoriesaboutdriftingbottlesthathavechangedpeople’slives.

Strangeasitmayseem,asealedbottleisagoodtraveleratsea.Itcantravelsafelythroughstormsthatdestroyships.Andglasswelllastalmostforever.

Thespeedofadriftingbottlechangeswiththewindandtheoceancurrent.Abottledriftinginaquietplacemaynotmoveamileinamonth.Anotherbottlemaymove100milesinaday.

Butnoonecanbesurejustwhereabottlewillgo.Forexample,twobottlesofthesamesize,shapeandweightweredroppedatthesametimeintotheoceannearBrazil.Thefirstbottledriftedeastfor130days.ItwasfoundonashoreinAfrica.Thesecondbottlewentnorthwestfor196days,andwasfoundinNicaragua.Twootherbottles,whichwerethrownintomiddleoftheAtlanticOcean,landed350dayslaterinFrance,onlyafewyardsfromeachother.

Passage3

IdentifyingSupportingDetails

Aswehavenoted,themainideaisusuallystrengthenedbysuchdetailsasexamples,reasons,facts,andotherspecificdetails.Allofthesespecificdetailsarecalledsupportingdetails.Withoutthem,itwouldbedifficulttofullyunderstandthemoregeneralmainidea.

Toillustrate,imagineafriendsayingtoyou,“MyEnglishteacheristerrible.”YouwouldunderstandthegeneralideathatyourfrienddosenotlikehisEnglishteacher,butyouwouldn’tunderstandexactlywhy.Yourfriendmightthengoontoclarifywithsomesupportingdetails:

“Heisalwayslateforclassandhenevercorrectsourhomework.What’smore,heisveryimportantwithusandtendstogetangryfornoreasonatall.”Thosesupportingdetailsclarifyyourfriend’sgeneralcomment,hisEnglishteacherisreallyterrible.

Thesearetwokindsofsupportingdetails—majorandminor.Themainideaanditsmajorsupportingdetailsformthebasicframeworkofparagraphs.Themajordetailsaretheprimarypointsthatsupportthemainidea.Paragraphsoftencontainminordetailsaswell.Whilethemajordetailsexplainanddevelopthemainidea,they,inturn,areexpandeduponbytheminorsupportingdetails.Animportantreadingskillistheabilitytofindthesemajordetailsandtodistinguishthemfromtheminorones.Clearly,boththemajorandminordetailsareneededforthereadertoreallyunderstandthemainidea.

Passage4

CaringforaDog

Dogownersareresponsibleforfeedingandcleaningtheirpets.Theyshouldalsooverseethehealthoftheirdogs.It’sbesttoconsultaveterinarianatthefirstsignofadogailment.

Adogcanbefedthedrymeal,biscuit,semi-moistandcellophane-wrapped,orcannedtypeofdogfood.Whichevertypeisselectedmustcontainthecarbohydrates,fats,proteins,minerals,andvitaminsessentialfortheanimal’swell-being.Asarule,thecostoffeedingalargedogcanbekeptlowbygivingittheinexpensivedrymealtype.

Apuppyshouldbehousebrokenassoonaspossible.Whenthepuppytakesitsfirstwaterorfood,notehowlongittakesforthepuppytourinateordefecate.Whenyoudiscovertheschedule,takethepupoutsidewhentheprescribedtimehaselapsedafterfeedingordrinking.Soon,thepuppywillassociatetheoutdoorswithtoiletfunctionandwillnolongersoilthehouseorthenewspapersthathavebeenspreadarounditslivingarea.

Youngpuppiesshouldnotbeexcessivelygroomed.Adailybrushingwithasoftbrushissufficienttoremovesurfacedustanddirt.Someauthoritiesbelievethattoconserveitsnaturalskinoilsapupshouldnotbecompletelybatheduntilitsfirstbirthday.Mudanddeepdirtinitscoat,however,canberemovedwithadamp,warmwashrag.Afterward,thepuppyshouldbecompletelydriedwitharoughtowel.Adogcanthenhaveacompletebathwhenitisoldenough,butitmustbekeptinthehouseuntilthoroughlydry,especiallyduringwinter.

Passage5

Waterways

Despitetheroadimprovementsoftheturnpikeera（1790-1830）,Americanscontinuedasincolonialtimestodependwhereverpossibleonwaterroutesfortravelandtransportation.Thelargerrivers,especiallytheMississippiandtheOhio,becameincreasinglyusefulassteamboatsgrewinnumberandimprovedindesign.

RiverboatscarriedtoNewOrleansthecornandothercropsofnorthwesternfarmers,thecottonandtobaccoofsouthwesternplanters.FromNewOrleans,shipstookthecargoesontoeasternseaports.Neitherthefarmersofthewestnorthemerchantoftheeastwerecompletelysatisfiedwiththispatternoftrade.Farmerscouldgetbetterpricesfortheircropsifthealternativeexistedofsendingthemdirectlyeastwardtomarket,andmerchantscouldselllargerquantitiesoftheirmanufacturedgoodsifthesecouldbetransportedmoredirectlyandmoreeconomicallytothewest.

Newwaterwayswereneeded.Sectionaljealousiesandconstitutionalscruplesstoodinthewayofactionbythefederalgovernment,andnecessaryexpendituresweretoogreatforprivateenterprise.Ifextensivecanalsweretobedug,thejobwouldbeuptothevariousstates.

NewYorkwasthefirsttoact.IthadthenaturaladvantageofacomparativelylevelroutebetweentheHudsonRiverandLakeErie,throughtheonlybreakintheentireAppalachianMountainchain.Yettheengineeringtaskswereimposing.Thedistancewasmorethan350miles,andtherewereridgestocrossandawildernessofwoodsandswampstopenetrate.TheErieCanal,begunin1817andcompletedin1825,wasbyfarthegreatestconstructionjobthatAmericanshadeverundertaken.Itquicklyprovedafinancialsuccessaswell.TheprosperityoftheErieencouragedthestatetoenlargeitscanalsystembybuildingseveralbranches.

Passage6

Cartoons

Millionsofpeoplestruggleoutofbedeachmorning,fumbleintosomeclothes,andmaketheirwaytoacupofcoffeeandthemorningnewspaper.Theyneedsomethingcheerfultoremindthemthattherestofthedaywillbelessdifficultthangettingup.Thisneedmaybethereasonthatmanyofthemturntheirhalf-openedeyestothecomicssectionofthenewspaperastheysiptheirfirstcupsofcoffeeoftheday.

Cartoonsreflectthetimesandthetroublesandworriesofpeople.Theygivepeopleanopportunitytolaughatthemselvesandatfamiliarsituations.Intimesofprosperity,forexample,cartoonsshowpeopleenjoyingthegoodeconomicsituation.Theyalsomakefunoftheproblemsthatpeoplemakeforthemselves—likemakingaproblemoutofwhichtypeofcartobuy.Inhardtimes—timesofeconomictroubles—peoplewantsomeoneorsomethingtoblametheirtroubleson.Cartoonsprovidescapegoats.Theyalsohelppeopletoseethehumorinanot-so-funnysituation.Forexample,acartoonmightsaythatgovernmentofacountryisresponsibleforthebadeconomyandalsoshowthegovernmentleadersasagroupofridiculouspeople.Beingabletousetheleadersasscapegoatsandtolaughattheleaderssomehowmakespeoplefeelbetterabouttheirsituation.

Cartoonsalsomakepeoplelaughattheirownpersonalworries.Youngpeoplewhoarenotalwayssureofhowtoactcansmileattheirawkwardness.Oldpeoplewhosegrownchildrenpaylittleattentiontothemcanchuckleattheirneglectandloneliness.Studentswhohavestudiedtoolittlebeforeexaminationcanlaughattheiranxiety.Everyone’sproblemsaremadebigger-than-lifeinthecomics.Perhapstheproblemsseemfunnybecausethereishumorinsomethingthatisrealbeingmadeunreal.

Passage7

ASocietyofEmployees

Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayi