大学英语读写译3期末测试题及答案Word格式.docx
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forYES>
ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;
N<
forNO>
ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;
NG<
forNOTGIVEN>
iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8-10,pletethesentenceswithinformationgiveninthepassage.
AreLanguageSkillsEnough?
Thereissomuchmoremeaningtoamessagethanwhatexistsinthespokenorwrittenwords.Forexample,ifapersonsays,"
Youknow,Barbara,Ireallylikeyou,"
ithasdifferentmeaningsdependingonwhetheritissaidbyamanorwoman,inanofficeorabar.Context,thetoneofvoice,thestressputoncertainwords,aswellastheeyecontact,physicaldistance,andtherelationshipbetweenthespeakerandlistenerareallfactorswhichgivemeaningtowhat’sbeingsaid.Sometimes,thesefactorscangeneratemuchmoremeaningthanthewordsthemselves.Ifafriendsaystome,"
Gee,Ican’twaittoseetheresultoftheupingelection,"
myinterpretationofthatmessagewillbebaseduponmyknowledgeofmyfriend’spoliticalviews,thesituationwiththecurrentcampaign,andmyabilitytounderstandthemeaningbehindthetoneofvoice.
Ourabilitytounderstandsuchcuesisdevelopedwithoutusbeingawareofitthroughourprocessofsocialization.Ourinterpretationofthesecuesjustesnaturally.Everyculturehasitsownsetofculturalruesthateachmemberofthatcultureunderstands.It’smonhowapersonformCultureAandapersonformCultureBinterprettheverysamewordsintotallydifferentways.Herearesomeexamples.
When"
Sarcasm"
Means"
Sincerity"
MarshathoughthingsweregongwellwithhernewFrenchfriends,particularlyBertrand.Heofteninvitedhertointerestingandfunevents,buthewasoftenmakingfunofher.Onedayatanartexhibition,whilelookingataparticularlyabstractpiece,Marshasaidthatshecouldn’tunderstandwhattheartistwastryingtoexpress.Bertrandsmiledandresponded,"
Yes,I’mafraidFrenchartisfartooadvancedforAmericanstounderstand."
Marshawasupset;
shereallylikedhimandcouldnotfigureoutwhatcausedhimtofrequentlymakefunofher.So,sheaskedherhostmotheraboutit."
Mydear,"
thehostmothertoldher,"
thismeansthathereallylikesyou.InFrance,whensomeonefeelsfortableenoughtomakefunofyou,thatmeansthatyouhavebeenweledasaveryclosefriend."
Now"
Doesn’tMean"
Joshua,anAmericanstudentinHeredia,CostaRica,calledhisCostaRicanpartnertomeetforcoffee.Whenheaskedwhattimetheyshouldmeet,theresponsewas"
Nosencontranmosahoraenelparaque"
.Ahoraliterallymeansnow.So,hegrabbedhisjacketandheadedstraighttotheparkwheretheyagreedtomeet.Halfanhourlater,hisfriendarrivedwithouttheleastsighofregretforbeinglate.AfterdiscussingthematterwithhisSpanishteacher,JoshualearnedthatinCostaRica,ahorameanssometimewithinthehour.And,ifpeopledecidetomeetsomeplacelikethepark,itisnoproblemforoneortheotherpersontowaitforawhilebecausetheywillspendsomenicetimeinthepark,probablyrunningintosomeotherfriends,ormeetingsomeonefriendly.
Yes"
ManybusinesspeoplemighthaveexperiencedthisfrustratingsituationinJapan.Sarah,ayoungbusinesswomanformNewYork,wassenttoJapantocloseabigdealforherpany.Whilegivingherpresentation,shebecamemoreandmorecertainofthesalebecauseherJapanesebusinesspartnerscontinuallynoddedtheirheadsasshespoke.Whenshefinished,shethoughtthedealwasmadeandaskedwhentheywouldliketosightheagreement.Shewasshockedwhenshewastoldthattheywerenotyetsureiftheywantedtomakethedealornot.WhatSarahdidnotknowisthatinJapan,noddingheaddoesnotnecessarilymean"
asitdoesintheU.S.Itcanalsomean"
Yes,Iamlisteningandunderstandingwhatyouaresaying."
Thesestoriesprovidejustafewexamplesofhowlanguageskillsaresimplynotenoughtoachieveeffectivemunicationinantherculture.Togetthemostofyourinternationallearningexperience,focusongainingcross-culturalskillsaswellaslanguageskills.Cross-culturalskillswillenableyoutodothefollowing:
●Understandhowculturalaffectsmunication;
●Dealwithbehaviorthatseemstoyoustrangeoroffensive;
●Learnformyourculturaladaptionprocess;
●municatemoreeffectively.
Thesesillswillalsohelpyouwhenyoulearnanewlanguage.Afterall,languageisareflectionoftheculturefromwhichitdeveloped.
Questions:
1.Thispassagetellsusthatlanguageskillsalonearenotenoughforcross-culturalmunication.
2.Onmanyoccasions,aspokenorwrittenmessagemayhavedifferentmeaningsduetovariouscontributingfactors.
3.Wearebornwiththeabilitytounderstandtheculturalcues.
4.Marsha’sFrenchfriend,Bertrand,didn’tlikeherandoftenlaughedatherignoranceoftheFrenchart.
5.JoshualearnedthatinCostaRica,peopleareusuallylatefortheirappointmentsandwon’tfeelsorryforthat.
6.NoddinginJapanisunderstoodinquitedifferentwayformthatinAmerica.
7.Thestoriesgiveninthepassageeformtheauthor’sinterviewwithMarsha,Joshua,andSarah.
8.Thestoriestoldinthepassageshowthatlanguageskillsarenotenoughforpeopletomunicateeffectivelyin_____________________.
9.Cross-culturalskillswillhelpuslearnformour___________________.
10.________________________willalsohelpfulwhenwelearnanewlanguage.
SectionBCarefulReading<
30%>
Inthissection,thereare3passages.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
PassageOne
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Inthe1900'
s,Americantownspeopleusuallywashedandbrushedtheirteethandbedtheirhairinthekitchen.Ortheykeptawaterpitcher〔大水罐〕andawashbasinintheirroomsandtookcareofthesethingsthere.
Thebathtubwasawashtub〔澡盆〕filledwithwaterfromthestove.Ifyouweresmallenoughyoucouldsitdownbydrawingyourkneestoyourchest.Otherwise,youwashedyourselfstandingup.Oftenallthewomenandgirlsinthefamilybathedtogether.Thenthemenandboysdid.InmostfamiliesthiswasSaturdaynightbecauseSundaystheywenttochurch.
Asmallnumberoffamiliesdidhaverunningwater.Butthatdependedonwhethertherewasawatersystemwheretheylivedandonwhethertheycouldaffordtheplumbing〔水管设施〕.Somepeoplehadbathtubsintheirhomesasearlyas1895.Butmanyothersdidnothavetheirfirstbathinabathtubuntil1910orlaterwhentheywerefifteenorsixteenyearsold.
11.Inthefirstparagraph,"
tookcareof"
means_____.
A.KeptB.lookedafterC.usedD.keptandused
12.Inordertousethewaterfromthestove,there_____beapipeconnectingthetubwiththestove.
A.MustB.seemedtoC.needn'
tD.should
13.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.Malesandfemalesinthefamilytookturnsusingthebathtub.
B.Somebathtubswerebigenoughformanypeopletobatheinatthesametime.
C.Allthewomenandgirlsofafamilycouldbathetogetherstandingupinthetub.
D.Whenseveralfamilymembersbathedtogether,theydidnotusethebathtub.
14._____Americansownedabathtubasearlyas1895.
A.ManyB.NotallC.AllD.Few
15.Wecaninfer〔推断〕thattheplumbingatthattime.
A.costlittle
B.wasmoreexpensivethanawatersystem
C.wastooexpensiveforeveryfamilytoafford
D.wasnotnecessary
PassageTwo
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
IntheUnitedStateselementaryeducationbeginsattheageofsix.Atthisstagenearlyalltheteachersarewomen,mostlymarried.Theatmosphereisusuallyveryfriendly,andtheteachershavenowacceptedtheideathattheimportantthingistomakethechildrenhappyandinterested.Theoldauthoritarian<
要绝对服从的>
methodsofeducationwerediscredited<
不被认可>
ratheralongtimeago-somuchsothatmanypeoplenowthinkthattheyhavegonetoofarinthedirectionoftryingtomakechildrenhappyandinterestedratherthangivingthemactualinstruction.Thesocialeducationofyoungchildrentriestomakethemaccepttheideathathumanbeingsinasocietyneedtoworktogetherfortheirmongood.Sotheemphasisisonco-operationratherthanpetitionthroughoutmostofthisprocess.Thismayseemcurious,inviewofthefactthatAmericansocietyishighlypetitive.However,theneedformakingpeoplesociableinthissensehasetoberegardedasoneofthefunctionsofeducation.MostAmericansdogrowupwithpetitiveideas,andobviouslyquiteafewascriminals,butitisnotfairtosaythattheeducationalsystemfails.Itprobablydoessucceedinmakingmostpeoplesociableandreadytohelponeanotherbothinmaterialwaysandthroughkindnessandfriendliness.16.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.elementaryeducationissupposedtomakechildren__________.
A.sensibleandsensitive
B.petitiveandinterested
C.curiousandfriendly
D.happyandco-operative
17.SomeAmericansplainaboutelementaryschoolsbecausetheythink__________.
A.childrenarereluctanttohelpeachother
B.schoolslaytoomuchemphasisonco-operation
C.childrenshouldgrowupwithpetitiveideas
D.schoolsgivelittleactualinstructiontochildren
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