岩土英语词汇复习过程Word格式.docx
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engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察
8.
boulder漂石
9.
cobble卵石
10.
gravel砂石
11.
gravellysand砾砂
12.
coarsesand粗砂
13.
mediumsand中砂
14.
finesand细砂
15.
siltysand粉砂
16.
clayeysoil粘性土
17.
clay粘土
18.
siltyclay粉质粘土
19.
silt粉土
20.
sandysilt砂质粉土
21.
clayeysilt粘质粉土
22.
saturatedsoil饱和土
23.
unsaturatedsoil非饱和土
24.
fill(soil)填土
25.
overconsolidatedsoil超固结土
26.
normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固结土
27.
underconsolidatedsoil欠固结土
28.
zonalsoil区域性土
29.
softclay软粘土
30.
expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土
31.
peat泥炭
32.
loess黄土
33.
frozensoil冻土
三.土的基本物理力学性质
cc
compressionindex
cu
undrainedshearstrength
cu/p0′ratioofundrainedstrengthcutoeffectiveoverburdenstressp0′
(cu/p0)NC,(cu/p0)ocsubscriptsNCandOCdesignatednormallyconsolidatedandoverconsolidated,respectively
cvane
cohesivestrengthfromvanetest
e0
naturalvoidratio
Ip
plasticityindex
K0
coefficientof“at-rest”pressure,fortotalstressesσ1andσ2
K0’
domainforeffectivestressesσ1‘andσ2’
K0n
K0
fornormallyconsolidatedstate
K0u
coefficientunderrapidcontinuousloading,simulatinginstantaneousloading
oranundrainedcondition
K0d
coefficientundercyclicloading(frequencylessthan1Hz),asapseudo-dynamictestforK0coefficient
kh,kv
permeabilityinhorizontalandverticaldirections,respectively
N
blowcount,standardpenetrationtest
OCR
over-consolidationratio
pc
preconsolidationpressure,fromoedemetertest
p0′effectiveoverburdenpressure
ps
specificconepenetrationresistance,fromstaticconetest
qu
unconfinedcompressivestrength
U,Um
degreeofconsolidation,subscriptmdenotesmeanvalueofaspecimen
u,ub,um
pore(water)pressure,subscriptsbandmdenotebottomofspecimenandmeanvalue,respectively
w0wLwp
naturalwatercontent,liquidandplasticlimits,respectively
σ1,σ2
principalstresses,σ1′andσ2′denoteeffectiveprincipalstresses
Atterberglimits阿太堡界限
degreeofsaturation饱和度
dryunitweight干重度
moistunitweight湿重度
saturatedunitweight饱和重度
effectiveunitweight有效重度
density密度
compactness密实度
maximumdrydensity最大干密度
optimumwatercontent最优含水量
threephasediagram三相图
34.
tri-phasesoil三相土
35.
soilfraction粒组
36.
sieveanalysis筛分
37.
hydrometeranalysis比重计分析
38.
uniformitycoefficient不均匀系数
39.
coefficientofgradation级配系数
40.
fine-grainedsoil(siltyandclayey)细粒土
41.
coarse-grainedsoil(gravellyandsandy)粗粒土
42.
Unifiedsoilclassificationsystem土的统一分类系统
43.
ASCE=AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineer美国土木工程师学会
44.
AASHO=AmericanAssociationStateHighwayOfficials美国州公路官员协会
45.
ISSMGE=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering
国际土力学与岩土工程学会
四.渗透性和渗流
Darcy’slaw
达西定律
piping管涌
flowingsoil流土
sandboiling砂沸
flownet流网
seepage渗透(流)
leakage渗流
seepagepressure渗透压力
permeability渗透性
seepageforce渗透力
hydraulicgradient水力梯度
coefficientofpermeability渗透系数
五.地基应力和变形
softsoil软土
(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入桩(负)摩阻力
effectivestress有效应力
totalstress总应力
fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度
lowactivity低活性
sensitivity灵敏度
triaxialtest三轴试验
foundationdesign基础设计
recompaction再压缩
bearingcapacity承载力
soilmass土体
contactstress(pressure)接触应力(压力)
concentratedload集中荷载
asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体
homogeneous均质
isotropic各向同性
stripfooting条基
squarespreadfooting方形独立基础
underlyingsoil(stratum,strata)下卧层(土)
deadload=sustainedload恒载(持续荷载)
liveload活载
short–termtransientload短期瞬时荷载
long-termtransientload长期荷载
reducedload折算荷载
settlement沉降
deformation变形
casing套管
dike=dyke堤(防)
clayfraction粘粒粒组
physicalproperties物理性质
subgrade路基
well-gradedsoil级配良好土
poorly-gradedsoil级配不良土
normalstresses正应力
shearstresses剪应力
principalplane主平面
major(intermediate,minor)principalstress最大(中、最小)主应力
Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩尔-库仑破坏条件
FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法
limitequilibriummethod极限平衡法
porewaterpressure孔隙水压力
preconsolidationpressure先期固结压力
modulusofcompressibility压缩模量
coefficentofcompressibility压缩系数
46.
compressionindex压缩指数
47.
swellingindex回弹指数
48.
geostaticstress自重应力
49.
additionalstress附加应力
50.
51.
finalsettlement最终沉降
52.
slipline滑动线
六.基坑开挖与降水
1
excavation开挖(挖方)
2
dewatering(基坑)降水
3
failureoffoundation基坑失稳
4
bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护
5
bottomheave=basalheave(基坑)底隆起
6
retainingwall挡土墙
7
pore-pressuredistribution孔压分布
8
dewateringmethod降低地下水位法
9
wellpointsystem井点系统(轻型)
10deepwellpoint深井点
11vacuumwellpoint真空井点
12bracedcuts支撑围护
13bracedexcavation支撑开挖
14bracedsheeting支撑挡板
七.深基础--deepfoundation
pilefoundation桩基础
1)
cast–in-place灌注桩
divingcasingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩
boredpile钻孔桩
special-shapedcast-in-placepile机控异型灌注桩
pilessetintorock嵌岩灌注桩
rammedbulbpile夯扩桩
2)
belledpierfoundation钻孔墩基础
drilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩
under-reamedboredpier
3)
precastconcretepile预制混凝土桩
4)
steelpile钢桩
steelpipepile钢管桩
steelsheetpile钢板桩
5)
prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩
prestressedconcretepipepile预应力混凝土管桩
caissonfoundation沉井(箱)
diaphragmwall地下连续墙 截水墙
frictionpile摩擦桩
end-bearingpile端承桩
shaft竖井;
桩身
waveequationanalysis波动方程分析
pilecaps承台(桩帽)
bearingcapacityofsinglepile单桩承载力
lateralloadtestofpile单桩横向载荷试验
ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile单桩横向极限承载力
staticloadtestofpile单桩竖向静荷载试验
verticalallowableloadcapacityofsinglepile单桩竖向容许承载力
lowpilecap低桩承台
high-risepilecap高桩承台
verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile单桩抗拔极限承载力
silentpiling静力压桩
upliftpile抗拔桩
anti-slidepile抗滑桩
pilegroups群桩
efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩效率系数(η)
efficiencyofpilegroups群桩效应
dynamicpiletesting桩基动测技术
finalset最后贯入度
dynamicloadtestofpile桩动荷载试验
pileintegritytest桩的完整性试验
pilehead=butt桩头
piletip=pilepoint=piletoe桩端(头)
pilespacing桩距
pileplan桩位布置图
arrangementofpiles=pilelayout桩的布置
groupaction群桩作用
endbearing=tipresistance桩端阻
skin(side)friction=shaftresistance桩侧阻
pilecushion桩垫
piledriving(byvibration)(振动)打桩
pilepullingtest拔桩试验
pileshoe桩靴
pilenoise打桩噪音
pilerig打桩机
八.地基处理--groundtreatment
technicalcodeforgroundtreatmentofbuilding建筑地基处理技术规范
cushion垫层法
preloading预压法
dynamiccompaction强夯法
dynamiccompactionreplacement强夯置换法
vibroflotationmethod振冲法
sand-gravelpile砂石桩
gravelpile(stonecolumn)碎石桩
cement-flyash-gravelpile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩
cementmixingmethod水泥土搅拌桩
cementcolumn水泥桩
limepile(limecolumn)石灰桩
jetgrouting高压喷射注浆法
rammed-cement-soilpile夯实水泥土桩法
lime-soilcompactionpile灰土挤密桩
lime-soilcompactedcolumn灰土挤密桩
limesoilpile灰土挤密桩
chemicalstabilization化学加固法
surfacecompaction表层压实法
surchargepreloading超载预压法
vacuumpreloading真空预压法
sandwick袋装砂井
geofabric,geotextile土工织物
compositefoundation复合地基
reinforcementmethod加筋法
dewateringmethod降低地下水固结法
freezingandheating冷热处理法
expansivegroundtreatment膨胀土地基处理
groundtreatmentinmountainarea山区地基处理
collapsibleloesstreatment湿陷性黄土地基处理
artificialfoundation人工地基
naturalfoundation天然地基
pillow褥垫
softclayground软土地基
sanddrain砂井