中西方饮食文化对比研究英语专业学位论文Word文档下载推荐.docx

中西方饮食文化对比研究英语专业学位论文Word文档下载推荐.docx

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考生姓名：

刘羽笛

指导老师：

刘世平

2013年3月

武汉大学外语学院制

AStudyofDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternFood

LiuYudi

Supervisor：

LiuShiping

March2013

论文摘要

本文主要探讨了中西方饮食文化的差异。

在这个复杂的世界文化，饮食文化在世界文化中起着十分重要的作用。

中西方文化的差异带来了中西饮食文化的差异，不同的国家有自己不同的饮食文化特点。

中国是一种农耕文化的陆地文化，而传统的西方文化是一种畜牧文化的海洋文化，两种不同的文化反映出人们生活方式的差异，其中饮食文化更是具有代表性的一个方面。

在不同的文化背景下，无论是在饮食观念、饮食对象、厨具、餐具还是餐桌礼仪等各个方面这些饮食文化的差异都是显而易见的。

但是，随着国际之间的交流与融合，中西饮食文化业将会在交流中共同发展，这对全世界范围内的文化交流将起到促进的作用。

关键词:

差异；

文化；

饮食文化

Abstract

ThisthesisexploresthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietaryculture.Inthecomplexworldculture,thedietarycultureplaysanextremelyimportantroleintheworldculture.ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternculturecreatedthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietaryculture.Differentcountrieshavetheirowndietarycultural.TraditionalChinesecultureisagriculturalcultureandlandculture,whiletraditionalwesterncultureisanimalhusbandrycultureandoceanculture.Thesetwokindsofculturesreflectdiverselifestylesinwhichfoodisthemostrepresentativeaspect.Invariouslyculturalcontexts,whetheritisinconcept,objects,kitchenware,tableware,ortablemannersthesedifferencesareobvious.Butasdevelopmentofthecommunicationandintegrationoftheinternational,Chineseandwesterndietaryculturewillbedevelopedincommoncommunication.Thiswillplayasignificantroletopromotethecommunicationofcultureintheworld

Keywords:

differences;

culture;

fooddieteticculture

Contents

Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1

ChapterOneDietaryConcept……………………………………………………...2

1.1Chinesedietaryconcept……………………………………………………....2

1.2Westerndietaryconcept….………………………………………..…….……3

ChapterTwoFoodandDrink………………………………………………………4

2.1Themainofmaterials…………………………………………………………4

2.2Condiment…………………………………………………………………….6

2.3Sidedish………………………………………………………………………7

2.4Wine………………………………………………………………………….8

ChapterThreeTableManners……………………………………………………...9

3.1TheDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternTableManners……………...9

3.2ThecharacteristicofTableManners…………………………………………10

3.2.1ThecharacteristicofTableMannersinChina………………………...10

3.2.2ThecharacteristicofTableMannersintheWest………………………11

ChapterFourKitchenwareandtableware………………………………………12

4.1Kitchenware………………………………………………………………....12

4.1.1Chinesekitchenware…………………………………………………..12

4.1.2Westernkitchenware…………………………………………………..14

4.2Tableware…………………………………………………………………….15

4.2.1ChineseTableware…………………………………………………….16

4.2.2WesternTableware…………………………………………………….17

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………..19

Workscited………………………………………………………………………….21

Introduction

Dietisnotonlythepremiseofsocialdevelopment,butalsotheparamountmaterialbaseforhumantosurvivewithgoodhealthcondition.Intheearlystageofbarbarism,likeotheranimals,lookingforfoodtosurviveisjusttheinstinctforhumanbeings.Butwhenmanbegantousefiretocookfoodandtheyenteredtheageofcivilization,especiallythetimeofcookingwiththepottery,thefoodbecamethecreationmadebythehumanownwisdomandtheirtechnology.Thenthereistheessentialdifferenceindietbetweenhumanbeingsandanimalsthatthediethasitsculturalnature.Thusthehistoryofhumandietistobethiskindofhistorythathumanadapttonature,conquerandreformnaturetosurviveanddevelopinthenature,andthehumandietaryculturegraduallycomesintobeinginthecourseofthisprogress.Asanimportantpartofhumanculture,thedietaryculturehasageneralizedmeaningandanarrowedmeaning.Thisthesisdiscussthedietarycultureinthisnarrowsensewhichisthetotalofmaterialwealthandspiritwealthcreatedandaccumulatedinthelong-termprogressoffoodconsumption,anditistheknowledgeaboutwhattoeat,howtoeatandwhytoeat,includingdietaryobject,dietarytablewareandsoon.

Chinahasprofoundculturalheritageofdietarycultureanddietplayaforemostroleinpeople’sdailylifesothatdietaryculturetakeahugeproportioninChineseculture.Facingthedietaryculturefromothercountries,weshouldacceptorrejectthembasedonourselvescondition.Wecan’tonlychaseforenjoymentintaste,becauseitisharmfultoourphysicalhealthifweeattoomuchforeignfoodwhichisbelongtothehighcaloriesfood.However,itisobviousthatweshouldn’taimlesslyrejectallthenewobjects.UndertheinfluenceofenteringtheWTOandglobalization,theinternationalconnectionhasbecomecloserandclosersothatthecollisionandfusioninthedietaryculturealwayshappenbetweenChineseandwesterners.Granted,ittakesalongtimefortwodifferentculturestomergeandcoexistandtheremustbeanaspectthatbothsidescan’tadapttoeachother.Ifthisphenomenonoccurs,weshouldtryourbesttounderstand,respectandtolerateanothercultureinrightmanner.

ThedifferenceofdietaryculturebetweenChineseandwesternerswillarouseculturemisunderstandingincertainextent.Forexample,manyChinesethinkthatHamburger,KFCandMcDonald’sarethetypicalfoodinAmerican.Butitisnotthefact.ThefactisAmericanfoodisverycomplex.

Therefore,inthisthesis,wediscussthedifferenceofdietaryculturebetweenChineseandwesternersfromdietaryconcept,dietaryobject,cookingutensil,dietarytablewareandtablemanners.Throughthestudy,itisbeneficialforbothsidestostrengthenthecommunicationinculture,andmoreabletoeliminatetheobstaclesandmisunderstandingwhentwonationsarecommunicating,sothatpeoplecanhavein-depthunderstandingaboutthedietaryculturefromChinaandwesterncountries.Tostudybothparties’dietaryculturedifferencefromvariousaspects,itcannotonlyhelpustostrengthentheawarenessandadaptionintheculturecommunication,butalsocanenhanceourunderstanding,tolerateandaccepttheforeignculture.ThenthismakesChineseandwesterndietaryculturecanmutuallydevelopandfuseincommunication,whichitplaysaremarkableroleinboostingthedevelopmentofcultureinthewholeworld（赵,2006:

1）.

ChapterOneDietaryConcept

1.1Chinesedietaryconcept

InChinesedietaryculture,peopleplaymoreattentiontopursuingthetastethantoemphasizingthenutrition.Theyconsiderthatthenutritionislessimportantifthefoodisdeliciousandgood-lookingenough.ThereasonwhythereisauniquedietaryculturethateatingisontopofthelistinChinesenationisthatproductivityhasbeenalwaysundertheaveragelevelforthousandsofyearsandpeoplehavenotenoughfoodtoeat.Peopleoftensaythetasteisthemostimportantinthewholeofcolor,aromaandtaste.Inaddition,thekeyofspecialcharminChinesedietisnothingbutitstaste.Chinesethinkalotofartandsensibility,sothepursuitofdelicioustasteisalwaysthehighestmeaningindietary.However,apartofthenutritionmaylackinpursuingthedeliciousnessinChinesediet.Theshapeofthefoodistheexternalthingwhilethetasteistheinternalthing.Emphasizingtheinnerandnotdecoratingpainstakinglytheexternal,oremphasizingthetasteratherthanshowingofftheformofthedishes,istheparamountexpressioninChinesedietaryconcept.Butitdoesnottakeanycountofthecollocationofnutrition.ThemedicatedfoodappearedintheTangdynastyandnowthereisaformulationthat“diettherapyisbetterthanmedicaltreatments”,whichallreflectthatChinesepayattentiontothecollocationindietarynutritionsinceancienttimes.However,thetraditionalnutritiontheoryonlyhasavagueconceptwithoutspecificdataanalysisaswesternerstofigureoutwhatkindoffoodisgoodforhealthwithnutrition.Chinesepeoplearethinkinghighlyofeat.Breadisthestaffoflife,thisoldadageexplainedthatweseeeatingasimportantasdays.Becauseournationalforthousandsofyearsareinthelowlevelofproductivity,peoplealwaysdonothaveenoughtoeat,sotheywouldhaveauniquefoodculturethateatingisveryimportant.Ithinkthisisprobablyfromasurvivaltoneeds.LiXiaohongpointedout:

Ifacultureputateasprimary,soitwillappeartwophenomena:

ononehandwillputthefoodfunctiontoacme,notonlysurvive,butalsouseittomaintainhealthy,thisisalsotheculturebasisthat―dietcuresmorethanthedoctors.Ontheotherhand,theexcessiveattentiontoeat,itcanmakethepersonpraisehighlyofdeliciouspursuit（李,2010:

33）.

1.2Westerndietaryconcept

Inwesterndietaryculture,eatinglikeabiologicalmachineaddfuel,especiallyaboutthefood'

snutritioncomposition,protein,fat,carbohydrates,vitaminsandallkindsofinorganicelementcontent（党,2010:

10）,peopleplaymoreattentiontopursuingthenutritionthantoemphasizingthecolor,aromaandtaste.Thewesterndietisakindofrationaldietsothattheydevoteparticularcaretothenutritionandcollocation.Theytreatdietaryasasciencewitharealisticattitudetolaystressondietarynutritionandasaresult,thepursuitofnutritionbecomesthehighestmeaningindiet.Thecorestandardinevaluatingfoodinwesternersiswhetheritisreasonableindietarynutritionandwhetheritaccordwiththescientificdemand.Westernersoftenthinkthatfoodisjustameansofsurvivalsothattheypaymoreattentiontodietarynutritionandsupplyconditionofenergyandtheyseldomconnectdietarywithspiritualenjoyment,whichreflectsastrongpracticabilityandutilitarian.Forwesterners,theonlythingtheycareisnotwhatthefoodcolor,aroma,tasteandshapeis,isthenutritionmustbeguaranteed.Thenthey