新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册Unit8课文语法讲解Word文档格式.docx
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the
entire
field
oforgantransplantation.Mydesiretotipthescalesinfavorofhealthy,happy
childrendrewmetomedicalresearch.
*2Myaccusershavetwistedthetruthintoafableandcastmeas
thedevil.TheyclaimthatIhavenomoralcompass,thatItortureinnocent
animalsforthesolepurposeofcareeradvancement,andthatmyexperiments
havenorelevancetomedicine.Meanwhile,anuncaringpublicbarelywatches,
convinced
that
issue
has
no
significance,
publicity-conscioussenatorsandpoliticiansincreasinglygivewayto
thelobbyingofanimalrightsactivists.
3We,inmedicalresearch,havealsobeenunbelievablyuncaring.Wehave
alowedthemostextremeanimalrightsprotesterstocreepinandframethe
issueasoneof"
animalfraud"
andhatred.Wehavepersistedinourbeliefthat
aknowledgeablepublicwouldconsenttotheimportanceofanimalresearch
forpublichealth.Perhapswehavebeenmistakeninnotrespondingtothe
emotionaltoneoftheargument.Perhapsweshouldhaverespondedtothose
sadslogansandpostersofanimalsbywavingequalysadpostersofchildren
dyingofcancerorexternalwounds.
4Intheanimalrightsforum,muchismadeofthevolumeofpaintheseanimals
experienceinthenameofmedicalscience.Activistsdenythatwearetryingto
helpandsayitisevidenceofourevilandcruelnature.Amorereasonable
argument,however,canbeadvancedinourdefense.Lifeisoftencruelto
animalsandhumanbeings.Teenagersareflungfromtrucksandsuffersevere
headinjuries.Youngchildrenbarelyabletowalkfindthemselvesatthebottom
ofswimmingpoolswhileaparentisoccupiedwithsomethingelse.From
everydaygermstogangviolence,nolifeisfreeofpain.Physicianshopingto
relievetheeternalsufferingofthesetragedieshaveonlythreechoices:
1）
createananimalmodeloftheproblemtounderstandtheprocessandtestnew
therapies;
2）experimentonhumanbeings（someexperimentswilsucceed,
mostwilfail）;
or3）leavemedicalknowledgestatic,hopingthataccidental
discoverieswilleadusforward.
5Someanimalrightsactivistswouldsuggestanoptionalfourthchoice,
*******claimingthatcomputermodelscancreateanimalexperiments,
thusomittingactualexperiments.Computerscanimitatetheeffectsof
wel-understoodprinciplesoncomplexsystems,asintheapplicationofthe
lawsofphysicstoairplaneandautomobiledesign.However,whenthe
principlesthemselvesareinquestion,asisthecasewiththecomplex
biologicalsystemsofhumanlifeunderstudy,computermodelingaloneisof
littlevalue.
6Oneoftheterrifyingeffectsofarrestingtheuseofanimalsinmedical
researchisthattheimpactwilnotbefeltforyearsorevendecades.Drugsto
cureinfectionwilremainundiscovered,surgicalanddiagnostictechniqueswil
remainundeveloped,andfundamentalbiologicalprocessesthatmighthave
beenunderstoodwilremainmysteries.Thereisthedangerthatquick
decisionsbywel-meaningpoliticianswilcreateresolutiontodiplomaticaly
satisfythesmalminorityofloudprotesterswhiletheconsequencesand
damagingimpactofthosedecisionswilnotbeapparentuntillongafter.
7Fortunately,mostofusenjoygoodhealth,andtheagonyofwatchingone'
s
childdiehasbecomearareexperience.Yetourgoodfortuneshouldnotmake
usunappreciative.Protectionfromserioussicknessanddrugstocombatheart
*disease,highbloodpressureandstrokearealbasedonanimal
research.Mostcomplexsurgicalproceduressuchasheartorhipsurgeryand
organ
transplantation
surgeries
were
initialy
developed
in
animals.Techniquestoreplacedefectivegenes,thecauseofsomuch
disease,aswelasthedevelopmentofsyntheticorgansarepresently
undergoinganimalstudies.Thesestudies,andanysubsequentadvances,wil
effectivelyendifanimalresearchisseverelyrestricted.
8InAmericatoday,deathhasbecomeaneventisolatedfromourdaily
existence.Asadoctorwhohaswatchedmanychildrendieandseentheir
parents'
infinitegrief,Iamparticularlyangeredbyanyminuteexpressionof
caringforthesufferingofcreaturesandsolittleforsickanddyinghuman
beings.Peoplearetooprotectedfromtherealityofhumanlifeanddeathand
whatitmeans.
9Makenomistake,however.Iwouldneveradvocateneedlesscrueltreatment
ofanimals.Theanimalrightsmovementhasmadeacontributioninmakingus
moreawareofanimals'
needsandtheneedtosearchharderforsuitable
alternatives.Butifthemoreradicalmembersofthismovementaresuccessful
inthreateningfurtherresearch,theireffortswilbringaboutatragedythatwil
costmanylives.Hencetherealquestioniswhetheranuncaringmajoritycan
bearousedtoprotectitsfutureagainstaloud,butmisdirected,minority.
LanguagePoints：
1Animalsorchildren?
—Ascientist’schoice（Title）
Meaning:
Ascientistisnowfacingtwochoices:
infavorofanimalsorchildren.
2Iamtheenemy!
Iamoneofthosecursed,cruelphysicianscientistsinvolvedin
animalresearch.Theserumorssting,forIhaveneverthoughtofmyselfasanevil
person.（Para.1）
Iamtheenemy–theonewhoiscondemnedasacold-heartedphysician
scientistdoinganimalresearch.TheserumorsmakemeupsetasI'
veneverconsidered
myselfasbeingevil.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Thephysician’sironictoneinthesentenceswellreflectshis
indignationandangerattheanimalrightsactivists.
3Ibecameachildren’sdoctorbecauseofmyloveforchildrenandmysupreme
desiretokeepthemhealthy.（Para.1）
Myloveforchildrenandstrongdesiretokeepthemhealthydrovemetobea
children’sdoctor.
Usagenote:
supreme,superior,super,superb
*supreme,superior,super,superb都是形容词，且词形相近。
它们都没有比较级，也没有
最高级，但它们的词义和用法稍有差别。
1supreme基本词义表示“（程度）最大的，最高的，极度的”，一般用在名词前作定语，修
饰名词，其副词是supremely，表示“极度地；
极其”，常用于强调不好的品质。
例如：
TheSupremeCommanderwasinbadtemperasthetaskforhimhadchangedabruptly
*andfundamentaly.最高指挥官很生气，因为他的任务突然彻底地改变了。
2superior表示“更好的；
更强的；
更有效的”，明显含有“好”的意思。
*Afewyearsagoitwasvirtuallyimpossibletofindsuperiorqualitycoffeeinlocalshops.几
年前,几乎不可能在当地的咖啡店找到品质上乘的咖啡。
*superior后可以接介词to，表示“比…更好的/更强的/更有效的”，在句中一般用作表语或
后置定语。
*Forallbabies,breastfeedingisfarsuperiortobottlefeeding.对于所有的婴儿，母乳喂养都
远远优于奶瓶喂养。
*Wehavearelationshipinfinitelysuperiortothoseofmanyofourfriends.我们之间的关系
比我们许多朋友之间的关系好太多了。
**superior也可以用作名词，指“上级；
上司；
长官”，其反义词为inferior。
superior不能用
作副词。
3super表示“极好的；
了不起的”，能兼用作副词表示“极其；
非常”。
*Theyhavegainedmarketleadershipbyselingproductsthatwereofsuperquality.通过
销售高质量的产品，他们已获得了市场的领导地位。
Leeisverystraightforward,superhonestandhealwaysknowswhatheistalkingabout.
李非常直爽，且超级诚实，他总是知道自己在说什么。
（super用作副词）
“Didyouenjoythefilm?
”“Yes,Ithoughtitwassuper.”“你喜欢这个电影吗？
”“我喜欢，我
认为它超棒的。
”
*4superb的词义与super相同，表示“极好的；
出色的；
卓越的”，superb在句中不仅可以
作定语，也可以作表语，其副词是superbly。
*Thefactisthatthetelephoneserviceissuperbhere,asiscomparedtopostalservice.事
实是，与邮政服务相比，这儿的电话服务是一流的。
*Iamhighlyawareofthesuperbreputationofyourschool.我非常了解你们学校极佳的声
誉。
4Duringmedicalschoolandresidency,Isawmanychildrendieofcancerand
bloodshedfrominjury–circumstancesagainstwhichmedicinehasmadegreat
progressbutstillhasalongwaytogo.Moreimportantly,Ialsosawchildren
healthythankstoadvancesinmedicalsciencesuchasinfantbreathingsupport,
powerfulnewmedicinesandsurgicaltechniquesandtheentirefieldoforgan
transplantation.（Para.1）
WhenIwasstudyingatamedicalschoolandbeingtrainedatahospital,Isaw
manychildrendieofcancerandshedbloodfrominjury—situationsthatmodern
medicine,thoughhasadvancedalot,isnotabletocompletelyhandle.Ontheotherhand,
Isawchildrenhealthybecauseofthemedicalachievementssuchasinfantbreathing
supportandsoforth.
Thecomparisonandcontrastbetweenthecasesofchildrenhe
witnessedeffectivelyilustratestheimportanceandnecessityofanimalresearch.
5Mydesiretotipthescalesinfavorofhealthy,happychildrendrewmetomedical
research.（Para.1）
Mydoingmedicalresearchwasdrivenbymyprioritytokeepchildrenhealthy
andhappy.
6Myaccusershavetwistedthetruthintoafableandcastmeasthedevil.They
claimthatIhavenomoralcompass,thatItortureinnocentanimalsforthesole
purposeofcareeradvancement,andthatmyexperimentshavenorelevanceto
medicine.（Para.2）
Thosewhoaccusemeofhavingnomoralstandardsdistortedthetruthintoa
legendarystorywhereIamdepictedasamonsterthattorturesinnocentanimalsonlyfor
mycareeradvancementandmyexperimentshavenothingtodowithmedicine.
Theparalelstructureof“that”clauseevidentlystrengthensthe
angrytoneofthephysiciananditobviouslyisapluswhenarguingforone’sviewpoint.
升级会员 