Unit 3 Work and WorkforceWord格式文档下载.docx

Unit 3 Work and WorkforceWord格式文档下载.docx

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sespeciallygreattoseethathappeninakidwhostartedoutthesummerwithlowself-esteem.

3.Firefighter

Itsoundsprettyobvious,butinmyjob,thebiggestchallengeisgoingintoaburningbuildingthat'

sfullofsmokewhenyoucanbarelyseeafewinchesinfrontofyou.It'

sreallydifficult-especiallywhenyouknowtherearepeopleinthere,andit'

syourjobtogetthemout.Onceyoudogetsomeoneoutsafely,thenyoufeelreallygreatandyouforgetabouthowdangeroustheworkis.

1.Justin

WhatdoIhopeI'

llhaveachievedbythetimeI'

m30?

Well,IhopeI'

llhavemadeasuccessfulcareerinthemusicindustry.Rightnow,IplayinabandandI'

dlovetobeabletodothatprofessionally.Iplantoformagroupofmyowninafewyears.Oncewegetknown,we'

llrecordanalbum-andmakemusicvideos,ofcourse-andtrytobreakintothemusicsceneinabigway.

2.Sophia

Iplantobeadoctor.WhenI'

vegraduatedfrommedschoolandfinishedwithmyinterning,Iwanttoworkoverseasforafewyears.I'

llprobablyworkinadevelopingcountrywithanorganizationlikeLNICEF.Afterthat,I'

llcomebackhomeandworkinahospital.Idon'

treallycareifImakealotofmoneyornot,butIdowanttoworksomewherewhereIfeelIcanmakeadifference.

3.Rachel

I'

mplanningtobeamodel.I'

vealreadyhadsomemodelingexperience,andafterIgraduate,I'

mgoingtoseeifIcangetajobwithanagencyinNewYorkorLosAngeles.I'

llprobablyworkasamodelfortenyearsorso,andthenIhopetostartamodelingagencyofmyown.

C

JobInterview

R-ReceptionistS-SteveB-Boush

R:

Goodmorning.HowcanIhelpyou!

S:

IhaveanappointmentwiththepersonneldirectorMr.Boush.

WillyoutakeaseatandI'

llseeifheisfreeyet.

Thankyou.（Later）

Mr.Li,Mr.Boushwillseeyounow.Hisofficeisdownthehalltoyourleft.

Thankyou.（Steveintroduceshimself）

Mr.Boush,I'

mSteveLi.

B:

Well,hello,Mr.Li（Extendshishand-theyshakehands.）It'

searlyandyou'

vecomealongwayjustforaninterview.

Yes,sir.WereadyouradinthepaperandmyauntsaidthatthisisaveryreputablefirmandsinceIwanttobealawyersomedaywethoughtthisjobwouldgivemeagoodstart.

Isee.Ofcourseyourealizeitwillbedullforawhile.Youwouldn'

tgettopracticelawrightoff.

Oh,Irealizethat,sir.

Itwouldbemostlyfiling,trackingthingsdownandlookingthingsup.Allsortsofoddjobs-deliveringthingstothecourthouse,andbringingthingsthatthelawyersforgot.Evenrunningdowntogetthemasandwichnowandthen.

Iwouldn'

tmindthat,sir.AtleastIcouldgetthefeelofalawoffice.

Whatkindofalawyerdoyouwanttobe,Steve?

Acorporationlawyer,sir.I'

mgoodatfigures.

Oh!

That'

sinteresting.Wecanalwaysuseagoodheadformatharoundhere.Whatgradeareyouin?

I'

llbeaseniornextyear.

Andwhatlawschooldoyouplantogoto?

Harvard,sir.

Well,that'

ssettingyourmarkhighenough.Yourealizethisjobdoesn'

tpayverymuch,don'

tyou?

Yes,sir,butIcangetbyandlikemyauntsaidIcanwaitanotheryearbeforetbuyacar.Experienceandeducationaremoreimportant,now.

Well,Steve,ifyouaresmartenoughtofigurethatoutyouaresmartenoughforthisjob.Whencanyoucometowork?

Rightnow,sir!

Youmeanit7

Yes,you'

vegotyourselfajobbuttakeacoupleofdaystogetlocatedandfindyourwayaround,thencomeinWednesdaymorningateightsharp.

Yes,sir!

Andthankyou,sir!

llbehere!

（Lateronthephone）

HelloMom,isthatyou?

Imadeit!

PartIIAmericansatwork

Tapescript

ThetopicofworkintheUnitedStatesisaninterestingonebecausethestatisticsdonotalwaysagreewithpopulargeneralimpressionsaboutAmericanworksandtheAmericaneconomy.Iwilltrytoreconciletheseimpressionswithwhatweknowfromsomerecentstatistics.Togetyouwarmedup,letmegiveyouafewquestionstothinkaboutbeforeIstartthefirstpointofourlecturetoday:

DoyouthinkmostAmericansworkinfactoriesthatproducegoodsfordomesticuseandexportation?

DoyouthinkmostAmericanwomenarehousewives,ordomostofthemworkoutsidethehome?

DoyouthinkpeopleintheUnitedStatesworkIftimepermits,I'

lldealwitheachofthesepointsintoday'

slecture.

So.then,wheredomostpeopleintheUnitedStateswork?

Ifyouthoughtinthemanufacturingsector,inotherwordsinfactories,youwerewrong.ItistruethattheUnitedStatesis,andisseenas,astrongindustrialpower,butthestatisticsrevealthatanotherbranchoftheeconomyisevenstrongerthanmanufacturing.InsteadofdealingwiththelargefiguresrequiredwhendiscussingatotalUSworkforceof125millionpeople,let'

stakealookat100hypotheticalworkersandseewherethey'

reemployed.Ofthose100workers,16workinmanufacturing,thatis,inproducinggoods.Another4workinconstruction,and3workinagriculture,forestry,andfishing.AndIoutof100workersisemployedinmining.Youmightfindthefiguresformanufacturingandagriculturesurprisinglylow,andinasensetheyare.TheUnitedStatesisinfactaleadingproducerofmanufacturedgoodsandagriculturalproductsintheworld;

however,asurprisinglysmallnumberofworkers,16outof100formanufacturing,andonly2perhundredforagriculturealone,isresponsibleforthisoutput.Theabovefiguresaccountfor24ofthe100hypotheticalworkerswestartedwith.Wheredotheother76work?

Well,afull76areemployedinwhatarecalledtheserviceindustries.Bytheway,thetermindustryoftenappliespurelytoproduction,ormanufacturing.Today,however,Iwilluseindustryinitsmoregeneralsense,anygeneralbusinessactivity.Serviceindustries,then,includeawidevarietyofbusinessesthatprovideservicesratherthanproducegoods.Youknowthedifferencebetweengoodsandservices,don'

Let'

stakealookatthedifferentsectorsoftheserviceindustriesnow.Of76workersintheserviceindustries,25areemployedincommunity,social,andpersonalservices.Community,social,andpersonalservicesincludedoctors'

offices,privatehospitals,hotels,computerprogramminganddataprocessingcompanies,restaurants,repairshops,engineeringcompanies,andprivateresearchfacilities.Thenextlargestsectorintheserviceindustries,wholesaleandretailtrade,employs23ofthe76people.Wholesaletradeinvolvespurchasesdirectlyfromtheproducer,whileretailtradeismorefamiliartous:

purchasesfromdepartmentstores,supermarkets,automobiledealerships,andsoon.

Thenextlargestsectorintheserviceindustries,thegovernment,employs17ofthose100hypotheticalworkerswestartedwith.Thebest-knowngovernmentworkersareteachers,police,andpostalworkers,butthissectoralsoincludesgovernmentofficialsandadministrators,ofcourse.Thenextsectorisfinance,insurance,andrealestate,inotherwords,banksandthestockmarket,some55,000insurancecompanies,andcompaniesinvolvedinthebuyingandsellingofproperty.Sixofevery100workersareemployedinfinance,insurance,andrealestate.Thelastservicesectoristransportation,communication,andutilities.Whatdoesthephrase“transportation,communication,andutilities"

makeyouthinkof?

Ifyouthoughtofairlines,roads,andrailroadsfortransportation,youarecorrect.Communication,ofcourse,includesnewspapers,magazines,andbooksaswellasTVandradiobroadcasting.Andutilities,asyouprobablyknow,arecompaniesthatprovideuswithgas,water,andelectricity.IntheUnitedStates,thesejobsarenotpartofthegovernmentservicesastheyareinmanycountries;

transportation,communication,andutilitiesareprovidedbyprivatecompaniesandaccountfor5ofthe100workerswebeganwith.Beforeweleaveourfirsttopic,let'

schecktomakesureyouhaveallthefiguresforthe76workersintheserviceindustries;

25incommunity,social,andpersonalservices;

23inwholesaleandretailtrade;

17ingovernment;

6infinance,insurance,andrealestate;

andlast,5intransportation,communication,andutilities.

BeforeIdiscusstheworkethic,I'

dliketomakeaslightdigressionandgetbacktothequestionofworkingwomen.WouldyoubesurprisedifIsaidthatmostofthefemalepopulationaged16andoverwork?

Asamatteroffact,theactualfigureis58percent.Thefigureformotherswithchildrenunder18yearsofageisevenhigher367percent.ThattwothirdsofmothersareemployedcertainlyhasaneconomicimpactonthecountryandnodoubtinfluencestosomeextentthecharacteroftheAmericanfamily.Butwe'

lllookatthatinalaterlecture.

Nowthatwe'

vetakencareofthatdigression,let'

stalkaboutourlasttopic:

theworkethic.Iaskedyouearlierifyoufeltpeoplein