外事外交礼仪与文化Word文件下载.docx

外事外交礼仪与文化Word文件下载.docx

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II.MissionCulture............................................................................................

BeforeArrival

ArrivingatPost

Welcoming

MakingCalls

CallingCards

ResponsibilitiesatPost

Hierarchy

III.HostCountryCulture......................................................................................

SocialRedFlags

BeingaGuest

Resources

IV.Entertaining......................................................................................................

WhomtoInvite

InformalEntertaining

FormalEntertaining

V.Dress..........................................................................................................

Formal“BlackTie”or“WhiteTie”

Semi-formal/Informal

Casual

MedalsandDecorations

Summary.....

.................................................................................................................................................GlossaryofDiplomaticTerms

INTRODUCTION

Fewthingsareasanxietyprovokingforthefirst-timeembassyormissionemployeeorfamilymemberasthenotionofdiplomaticprotocol.Protocolcansoundbothstuffyandmysteriousatthesametime;

andmostofusbelievewehavehadlittleexperienceinournon-governmentlivestoprepareus.Infact,therulesandprocessesofdiplomaticprotocolarebasedinpragmaticthinking,commonsense,andgoodmanners—areaswhereweallhavehadsomeexperience.

Protocolmakesthejobofrepresentingournationeasierbyfacilitatingourworkasamissionteam,makingourrelationshipsandinteractionswithinthediplomaticandhostcountrycommunitiesmorepredictable,andbyprovidingabasicsocialframeworkandhierarchytofollow.Thisbookletisdesignedtohelpyoubegintomasterthebasicsofdiplomaticprotocol.

Whetheryouareanemployeeorspouse,havefewrepresentationalresponsibilitiesorarerunningyourpost’sprotocoloffice,thisbookletisagoodstartingpointforyou.Thebooklet'

sfourmainsectionsdealwithinternationalculture,missionculture,thehostcountryculture,andentertaining.

I.INTERNATIONALCULTURE

Atgatheringsthatincluderepresentativesfromthehostcountryaswellasfromothercountries,thetimelessformalityofinternationaldiplomaticcultureremainsinplace.Itensuresthateachcountrywillberespecteduniformlyandwithoutbias.Thenecessaryrespectisexpressedmostvisiblythroughspokencourtesies.Belowaresometipsonhowtoaddressandintroducediplomaticrepresentatives.

Althoughguidelinesexist,properformsofaddressvarygreatlyfromculturetoculture.Besuretochecklocalcustoms,butafewgeneralrulesfollow.

ThespiritofformalityamongdiplomaticrepresentativesusuallymeansnotaddressingothersbytheirfirstnamesasquicklyasisdoneintheUnitedStates.Oneshouldrelyoncourtesytitlesuntilinvitedtodootherwise.Socially,onecanrefertoaspousebyhis/herfirstnameoras"

myhusband,"

or"

mywife"

ratherthanas"

Mr./Mrs.Smith."

Whendealingwithhouseholdemployeeshowever,youshouldstillrefertoyourspouseas"

AmbassadorsareaddressedasMr./MadamAmbassadororAmbassadorJones.Onlybyspecialinvitationorlongfriendshipshouldoneaddressanambassadorbyfirstnameandthenonlywhennotinthepubliceye.Inindirectaddress,refertotheambassadoras"

theambassador"

withhis/herspouseas"

theambassadorandMr./Mrs.Jones,"

orifthe

ambassador'

sspouseisawomanwhokepthermaidennameaftermarriage,"

theambassadorandhiswife,Ms.Smith."

AnambassadoroftheUnitedStatesmaycontinuetobeaddressedas"

Mr./MadamAmbassador"

afterretirementorafterreturningfromhis/herdutiesabroad.

InsomeFrench-speakingcountries,thewifeoftheambassadormaybereferredtoasMadamAmbassador.Therefore,inthosecountries,refertoafemaleambassadorbyherlastname（AmbassadorJones）toavoidconfusionandensurethatshereceivesherduerespect.

ThoseofrankbelowAmbassadorareaddressedasMr.,Ms.orMrs.,ifmaritalstatusisknown.WhenreferringtoaU.S.post,"

theEmbassyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica"

ispreferredover"

theAmericanEmbassy."

AsreferencestoAmericacanbeambiguous,especiallyintheWesternHemisphere,avoidusingtermssuchas"

Americanambassador"

Americancitizen."

Similarly,tobeclearandtoavoidoffendingothersbysuggestingthattheUSconstitutestheentirecontinentuse"

UnitedStates"

inallreferencestothiscountry.

MakingIntroductions

Thepurposeofmakingintroductionsistoexchangenamesbetweenpeoplesothataconversationcanfollow.Foraformaloccasion,thetraditional"

Mrs.Smith,mayIpresentMr.Jones?

"

isusedinternationally.Forlessformaloccasionssimplystatingthetwonames,"

Mrs.Smith,Mr.Jones,"

isacceptable.Makingpersonalintroductions（i.e.,introducingoneself）isperfectlyacceptableandencouraged.Addingcontextaboutyourselfandyourroleishelpful.Forexample,"

Hello,I'

mZhangXiao,ViceConsulattheEmbassyofthePeople’sRepublicofChinainCanada."

InEnglish,theaccepted,formalresponsetoanyintroductionis,"

Howdoyoudo?

Informally,asmile,"

Hello,"

or,"

It'

snicetomeetyou,"

arefine.Otherlanguageshaveveryparticularphrases,sobesuretolearnthemuponarrivingatpost.

Whenmakingintroductions,honorisrecognizedbythenamespokenfirst.Courtesygiveshonortothosewhoareolder,higherinrank,titled,haveaprofessionalstatus,orarefemale.

Tomaketheintroductionsmorepleasant,telleachindividualabitofinformationabouttheother.Thisencouragestheconversationtocontinue.Astheydowhenawomanenterstheroom,menshouldrisewhenbeingintroducedtoawoman.Insomecountries,amankissesamarriedwoman'

shand.Menalsorisewhenbeingintroducedtoanotherman.Womenshouldrisewhenbeingintroducedtoanotherwomanforwhomshewishestoshowgreatrespect,suchasthehostess,averydistinguishedwoman,ormucholderwoman.Insomecountries,womenrisewhenintroducedtoallothers.

Throughouttheworld,greetingandleave-takingcustomsmayincludehandshakes,salutatorygesturesorotherspecificexpressions.Ifthereissuchatradition,useitwithhostcountrynationals,foreignersandfellowstaffmembers.Failuretoabidewithtraditionmaybeinterpretedasrudenessoralackofrespectforcolleagues.

Thebestandmostcourteouswaytohandlerecognizingsomeonewithoutrecallinghisorhernameistomentionyournameagain.Forexample,"

Goodevening,I'

mJimSmith.Wemetrecentlyattheambassador'

shome.I'

mpleasedtoseeyouagain."

Morethanlikely,he/shewillreintroducehimself/herself.Startingfromtheassumptionthathe/shemayalsonotrememberyournamecouldsavebothofyoupotentialembarrassment.

Formsofaddressforforeigngovernmentofficialsandpeopleholdingprofessional,ecclesiastical,ortraditionaltitlesvaryamongcountries.Thecorrectlocalusagecanbeverifiedatpost.FollowingaretitlesforU.S.andsomeforeignofficialsthatarewidelyusedinbothspokenandwrittenaddress.Itisappropriatetobeginlettersandrefertoothersdirectlyandindirectlywiththefollowingtitles.

DiplomaticTitles

ChiefsofMission

•Mr./MadamAmbassador（thisalsoappliestoanambassadorwithamilitarytitle）,orAmbassadorReed.*

•SirRichard—Britishambassadorwhoisaknight（SirRichard'

swifewouldbeaddressedas"

LadySmith."

）

•LordMontgomery—Britishambassadorwhoisabaron

•Mr./Mrs.DouglasorMs.Williams—theambassador'

sspouse

Chargé

d'

Affaires

•Mr./Ms/Mrs./MadamRandal

MinistersandOthers

•Mr./MadamTaylor

*Specialnoteshouldbemadeofhowtoaddressambassadors.Overtheyears,andrecentlyaswell,therehasbeendiscussionabouttheuseofthehonorifictitleofAmbassadorbyformerambassadors,boththosewhoremainactiveintheForeignServiceandthosewhoareretired.Foryears,regulationshaveforbiddenthisusageunlessactuallyinthejobofambassadororforthosefewwhoretiredwiththepersonalrankofcareerAmbassador.Forcurrentemployees,long-standingcustomandpractice,however,hasestablishedacleartraditionthatpersonswhohaveservedasambassadormaycontinuetousethetitleaftersuchserviceinappropriatecommunicationswithothers,maybereferredtoincommunicationsandconversationsbythetitleofAmbassador,andmaybeintroducedtopublicaudiencesbythetitle.

IntheStates,TheForeignAffairsDepartmenthasalsoclarifiedtheuseofthetitleforpersonswhohaveretiredfromtheForeignServiceorleftgovernmentservicewhoservedasambassadorafterSenateconfirmation.Anamendmenttothevariousregulationspermitstheuseofthetitle,“Ambassador,Retired,”forallsuchpersons.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesdoesnotusetheterm,"

Excellency,"

somecountriesdowhenreferringtoambassadors.Evenifthehostcountryusestheterm"

Americanchiefsofmissioninthosecountriesareaddressedas"

byU.S.citizens.ForeignchiefsofmissionwhoareaccreditedtotheUSarealsoreferredtoasambassadors.

GovernmentTitles

Inmostcases,thespouseofagovernmentofficialdoesnotsharetheofficial'

stitlewithhis/herspouse（i.e.,thePresident'

sspouseisMr./Mrs.WashingtonorMs.Lincoln）.

ExecutiveBranch

•Mr./MadamPresid