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9.结果状语从句
状语从句的时态特点
一般状况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“”表示“将来完成时”。
IwillcallyouassoonasIarrivein.
AssoonasIhavefinishedthiswork,Iwillgohome.
1.时间状语从句
常用引导词:
when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until
特别引导词:
theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,the
instant,immediately,directly,nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarce
Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.
WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.
Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园),themomenttheysawtheguard
NosoonerhadIarrivedhome,thenitbegantorain.
EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.
表示“一就”
除assoonas外,还有三类:
名词型——themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant;
副词型——immediately,directly,instantly;
句式型——nosoonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen
ThemomentIsawhim,Ifellinlovewithhim.
Icameimmediatelyyoucalled.你一给我打电话,我就马上来。
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Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.我一到家,就开始下雨。
【注意】
若是hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首,句子必定用倒装结构。
Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.
NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.
在时间状语中,不能够用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时,而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来取代。
When,while,as(一边...一边...),after,before,assoonas,since,till/until,bythetime(到。
。
为止,所在句子的主句应用完成时)
Mozartstartedwritingmusicwhenhewasfouryearsold.
Hevisitedalotofplaceswhilehewastraveling.
Helefttheclassroomafterhehadfinishedhishomeworktheotherday.
when,while和as的差异
when引导的从句的谓语动词能够是连续性的动词,又能够是瞬时动词。
并
且when有时表示“就在那时”,when=andthen;
atthatmoment。
Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.
WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.
While引导的从句的谓语动词必定是连续性的,并重申主句和从句的动作同时发生(也许相对应)。
并且while有时还可以够表示比较。
Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.
Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.
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As表示“一边一边”,as引导的动作是连续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;
as也能够重申“一先一后。
Wealwayssingaswewalk.
Aswewasgoingout,itbegantosnow.
before和after引导的时间状语从句
before的本意为“在从前”,依照详尽语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就,趁着还没就,不知不觉就,才”等。
After表示主句动作发生在从句动作此后。
Einsteinalmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.
Myfatherhadleftforjustbeforetheletterarrived.
Theyhadnotbeenmarriedfourmonthsbeforetheyweredivorced.
Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.
Afterwehadfinishedthework,wewenthome.
till或until引导的时间状语从句
till和until一般状况下两者能够互换,但是在重申句型中多用until。
若是主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必定用否定形式;
若是主句中的谓语动词是连续性动词时,用必定或否定形式都能够,但表达的意思不相同。
Ididn'
tgotobeduntil(till)myfathercameback.
ItwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish.
Iworkeduntilhecameback.我工作到他回来为止。
tworkuntilhecameback.他回来我这才开始工作。
由since引导的时间状语从句。
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since引导的从句的谓语动词能够是连续性的动词,又能够是瞬时动词。
一
般状况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。
但在Itis+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。
Ihavebeeninsinceyouleft.
WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?
Itisfouryearssincemysisterlivedin.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
ItisfivemonthssinceourbosswasinBeijing我.们老板走开北京有五个月了。
2.地址状语从句
where
wherever,anywhere,everywhere
Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.
Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.
句型1:
Where+地址从句,(there)+主句。
Wherethereisnorain,farmingisdifficultorimpossible.
Youshouldhaveputthebookwhereyoufoundit.
WheretheCommunistPartyofChinagoes,therethepeopleareliberated.
句型2:
Anywhere/wherever+地址从句,+主句。
Wherevertheseais,youwillfindseamen.
3.原因状语从句
because,since,as,for
seeingthat(由于,鉴于),nowthat(既然),inthat,consideringthat(考虑到),giventhat(考虑到).
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MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.
Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightofisquiteremarkable.
you’realreadyatthedoor,IsupposeImustinviteyouinside.
Consideringhe’sonlysixteenyearold,heisnotfitforthejob.
sheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.
because,since,as,for辨析
1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。
当原因是不问可知的或已为人们所知,就用as或since。
Ididn’tgo,becauseIwasafraid.
Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.
2)由because引导的从句若是放在句末,且前面有逗号,则能够用for来
取代。
但若是不是说明直接原因,而是多种状况加以推断,就只能用for。
Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.
Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.
3)as和for的差异:
平时状况下,as引导的从句在主句前,for引导的从句在主句后。
Astheweatheriscold,Istayathome(.同义句)
Istayathome,fortheweatheriscold.
4.目的状语从句
sothat,inorderthat
lest,incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,
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totheendthat
Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.
5.结果状语从句
sothat,suchthat,
suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,
tosuchadegreethat,
(such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。
)
Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.
It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.
Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight.
6.条件状语从句
if,unless,
as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat
We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.
Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.
Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.
和时间状语从句相同,从句的谓语动词不能够用一般将来时态、过去将来时态或将来完成时,而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时来取代。
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Tellmeincaseyougetintodifficulty.
7.退步状语从句
though,although,evenif,eventhough
as(用在退步状语从句中必定要倒装),while(一般用在句
首),nomatter,inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever
MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.
Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.
Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.
as,though引导的倒装句
as/though引导的退步从句必定表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。
Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.
=Thoughhewasasmallchild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.
注意:
a.句首名词不能够带任何冠词。
b.句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。
若是实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语从前。
Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.
=Thoughhetrieshard,heneverseems
nomatterwho=whoever
nomatterwhen=whenever
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nomatterwhere=wherever
nomatterwhich=whichever
nomatterhow=however
nomatter不能够引导主语从句和宾语从句。
(错)Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.
(对)Whateveryousayisofnousenow.
(错)Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey’regiven,
(对)Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey’regiven.
8.比较状语从句
as(同级比较),than(不相同程度的比较)
themorethemore;
just,asso;
AistoBwhat/asXistoY;
nomorethan;
notAmuchsoasB
Sheisasbad-temperedashermother.
Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.
Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.
nomorethan只但是(嫌少的意思)
notmorethan不如。
(前者不如后者)
Ihavenomorethantwopens.
It’snomorethanamiletotheshops.
JackisnotmorediligentthanJohn.
oneofthe+名词(复数)之.一(用于最高等)
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HanMeiisoneofthebeststudentsinourschool.
9.方式状语从句
as,(just)asso,asif/though("
正如"
,"
就像"
)
theway
Whenin,doastheRomando.
Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.
Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.
asif,asthough
两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚假语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所求状况是事实或实现的可能性较大。
汉译常作"
忧如似的"
Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.
状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备以下两个条件:
主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;
②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。
从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。
He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.
别的,比较状语从句经常省略。
I’mtallerthanhe(istall).
Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).
状语从句的"
省略"
现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:
①由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;
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②由although,though,evenif/though等引导的退步状语从句;
③由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;
④由as,asif等引导的方式状语从句;
⑤由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。
下面针对这五种状况作归纳。
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完满简化掉。
If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.
Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句能够将主语和be动词简化掉。
常用于以下几种状况:
a.连词+形容词
As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.
Whenever(sheis)free,sheoftengoesshopping.
Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'
llregret.
b.连词+名词
While(hewas)a