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forrapidproductdevelopment

HongboLana,YuchengDinga,*,JunHonga,HailiangHuangb,BinghengLua

Abstract:

Thispaperproposesanovelintegratedsystemofrapidproductdevelopmentbasedonrapidprototyping,anddevelopsanetworkedmanufacturingservicesystemwhichoffersbettersupportfortherapidproductdevelopmentinsmallandmediumsizedenterprisesbytakingfulladvantageofthequicklyevolvingcomputernetworkandinformationtechnologies.Thearchitectureofthenetworkedmanufacturingservicesystemispresented.Furthermore,someofthekeyissues,includingmodellingandplanningamanufacturingchain,selectingfeasiblecollaborativemanufacturers,queuingamanufacturingtask,usingthesynchronouslycollaborativeworkenvironment,andconstructingasuitablerunningplatform,aredescribedindetail.Java-enabledsolution,togetherwithwebtechniques,isemployedforbuildingsuchanetworkedservicesystem.Finally,anactualexampleisprovidedillustratingtheapplicationofthisservicesystem.

Keywords：

Rapidproductdevelopment;

Rapidprototyping;

Servicesystem;

Web-basedapplication

1.Introduction

Thisistheeraofinformationtechnology.Informationtechnologyhasinfluencedeveryrealmofsociety,anddramaticallyimpactedonthetraditionalindustry.Currentindustriesarefacingthenewchallenges:

quickresponsetobusinessopportunityhasbeenconsideredasoneofthemostimportantfactorstoensurecompanycompetitiveness;

manufacturingindustryisevolvingtowarddigitalization,networkandglobalization.Inordertorespondtothechangeeffectively,manufacturingstrategyhastobemodifiedfromtimetotimeinaccordancewiththemarketsituationandcustomerdemand.Anychangeofstrategyshouldenablemanufacturerstobebetterequippedthemselves,withcapabilitiestocopewithdemandssuchasafasterresponsetomarketchanges,ashortenedleadtimeofproduction,improvedqualityandspeed,theabilitytodeliverqualityproductstoglobalcustomers,andimprovedcommunicationsandtransportationsystem[1].Itisanestablishedfactthattheuseofcomputersindesignandmanufacturingconstitutesthemostsignificantopportunityforsubstantialproductivitygaininindustry.Ithasnowbeenwidelyacceptedthatthefutureofmanufacturingorganizationswillbeinformation-oriented,knowledgedrivenandmuchoftheirdailyoperationswillbeautomatedaroundtheglobalinformationnetworkthatconnectseveryonetogether[2].Inordertomeetthedemandofrapidproductdevelopment,variousnewtechnologiessuchasreverseengineering（RE）,rapidprototyping（RP）,andrapidtooling（RT）haveemergedandareregardedasenablingtoolswithabilitiestoshortentheproductdevelopmentandmanufacturingtime.Forexample,ithasbeenclaimedthatRPcancutnewproductdevelopmentcostsbyupto70%andthetimetomarketby90%[3].However,theseequipmentsaretooexpensiveforthesmallandmediumsizedenterprises（SMEs）,andmanytechniquessuchas3DCADsolidmodelling,RPprocessplanning,free-formsurfacesreconstruction,etc.,requirethehighskilledpersonneltocomplete.Therefore,itisespeciallydifficultfortheSMEstotakefulladvantageofthesetechnologiesintheproductdevelopmentprocess.InordertoofferthesupportofrapidproductdevelopmentfornumerousSMEs,manyRPservicebureaus（SBs）whichcannotonlymanufacturephysicalprototypeandrapidtoolingbutalsoprovideotherengineeringservices,havebeenestablished.By2001,therearemorethan500SBsallovertheworld.ButnoteverySBcanpossessalldesignandmanufacturingcapabilitiesrequired,itmustemployeffectivelytheexternalresourcetobettersatisfyclientrequirements.Namely,avirtualenterprisewhichusuallydefinedasatemporaryallianceofenterprisesthatcometogethertosharetheirskills,corecompetencies,andresourceinordertobetterrespondtobusinessopportunities,whosecooperationissupportedbycomputernetworks[4–6],istobefounded.EverySBconductsonlythetasksofitscorecompetencies,anddependsonnumerouspartnerstocarryouttheremainingtasksthatthisSBhasnosuchmanufacturingcapabilitiestoaccomplishintime.Whileanewthoughtemphasizingservicequalityisbecomingabasicstrategybywhichmanufacturingindustriescanwinglobalcompetitioninthe21stcentury.Teleserviceengineeringisanemergingfieldwhichaddresses‘‘service’’ 

issueformanufacturersandcustomers.Asdigitalmanufacturingtechniqueprogressesquickly,digitalservicewillbeintegratedseamlesslyintothedigitaldesignandmanufacturingsystem[7].Theinternet,incorporatingcomputersandmultimedia,hasprovidedtremendouspotentialforremoteintegrationandcollaborationinbusinessandmanufacturingapplications.InordertoprovideaproductioncollaborativeenvironmentformanySMEsandSBstoimplementthenetworkedmanufacturing,itisespeciallyurgentformanySBsandSMEstoconstructaserviceplatformofnetworkedmanufacturingtospeeduptheproductdevelopmentprocessoftheSMEs.

Therestofthispaperisorganizedasfollows.RelatedresearchworkisreviewedinSection2.InSection3,weintroduceanintegratedsystemofrapidproductdevelopmentbasedonRP.Section4describestheworkflowandfunctionaldesignofthenetworkedmanufacturingservicesystem.TheconfigurationofsystemrunningplatformispresentedinSection5.InSection6,wediscussthedesignofinternetapplication.AcasestudyisdemonstratedinSection7.Finally,Section8concludesthepaper.

2.Relatedresearch

Withthedevelopmentofcomputernetworkandinformationtechnologies,thenetworkedmanufacturingtechniquesareplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleinmanufacturingindustry.Substantialinvestmentshavebeenmadetosupporttheresearchandpracticeof950networkedmanufacturing（telemanufacturingorglobalmanufacturing）fromboththeacademiccommunityandindustrialbodiesallovertheworldinrecentyears.Anumberofstrategiesandframeworkshavebeenproposed.Abdel-Maleketal.[8]describedastructurewithinwhichacompanycanoutsourceseveralofitsproductionanddesignactivitiesviainternetanddevelopedamodeltoaidacompanyinselectingamongtheavailabletechnologicalandfunctionalalternativestomaximizeitsflexibility.Montreuiletal.[9]presentedastrategicframeworkfordesigningandoperatingagilemanufacturingnetworks,enablingtocollaborativelyplan,controlandmanageday-to-daycontingenciesinadynamicenvironment.Tsoetal.[10]introducedthearchitectureofanagent-basedcollaborativeservicesupportsystem,whichisabletocarryoutservicerequestsinamanufacturinginformationnetworkthroughsomespeciallydesignedvirtualagents.Chengetal.[11]putforwardanintegratedframeworkforweb-baseddesignandmanufacturingwhichisdevelopedbasedonJavasolutionandCORBA-ORGbrokingtechnologies.OffodileandAbdel-Malek[12]introducedaframeworkforintegratingITandmanufacturingstrategiesusingthevirtualmanufacturingparadigm.Huangetal.[13]presentedaholonicframeworkforvirtualenterprisesandcontrolmechanismsofvirtualenterprisesunderthisframework.O’Sullivan[14]describedaninformationarchitectureandassociatedtoolsetforunderstandingandmanagingtheprocessofbusinessdevelopment.AkkermansaandHorstc[15]discussedmanagerialaspectsofinformationtechnologyinfrastructurestandardisationinnetworkedmanufacturingfirmsandpresentedastrategicframeworktoguidemanagersinmakingsensibledecisionsregardingITinfrastructurestandardisation,basedonanumberofpre-existingeconomicandmanagementtheories,suchastransactioncosttheory,organisationaldesignandITmaturitygrowthstages.Jinetal.[16]presentedaresearchonkeyapplicationtechnologiesandsolutions,whichincludesanetworksafetystrategywhichensuresdatatransferamongtheleaguermembers;

productiondatamanagementbasedonWeb/DOT（distributedobjecttechnology）andXMLcriteriawhichensuredataexchangeinstructure-variancecharacteristicenvironments;

thenetworkplatformwhichprovidestheconversionserviceofdifferenttypesofCADfiles.WoernerandWoern[17]introducedanewwebservicebasedplatformprovidingdevelopedmethodsforco-operativeplantproductionwithinvirtualengineering.

Tofullrealizetheteleserviceengineeringintoday’sglobalizedmanufacturingindustryandmeetthecurrentmarketsituationandcustomerdemand,anumberofglobalmanufacturingnetworkshavebeenestablishedby,amongothers,theSocietyofManufacturingEngineer[18],LockheedMartin（AIMSNET）[19]and3M（the3MInnovationGlobalNetwork）[20].

Today’sindustriesarefacingseriousstructuralproblemsbroughtaboutbytheirrapiddevelopmentofoverseasactivitiesunderaglobalintegratedmanufacturingenvironment.Serviceandmaintenancearebecomingextremelyimportantpracticesforcompaniestomaintaintheirmanufacturingproductivityandcustomersatisfactioninforeignregions.Duetotheinherentproblemsoftraditionalhelpdesksupport,somecompanieshavestarteddevelopingweb-basedonlinecustomerservicesupportsystem.Fooetal.[21]describedanintegratedhelpdesksupportforcustomerserviceviainternet.Lee[7]discussedtheconceptandframeworkofateleserviceengineeringsystemforthelifecyclesupportofmanufacturingequipmentandproducts.AsystemforremotecustomersupporthasbeencreatedintheFCSAdemonstratoroftheGloberman21project[22].Thepurposeofthesesystemsaboveistoprovideeffectiveandresponsiveremotesupporttocustomersintheuse,maintenanceandtroubleshootingoftheirequipment.

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