国贸复习提纲.docx

国贸复习提纲.docx

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国贸复习提纲

复习提纲

Chapter1

1.Twokindsoftraderestrictions.

TariffandNon-Tariffbarriers

2.Threeformsofimportsurtax.

Countervailingduty/Anti-dumping/Variableduty

3.Thetypesofdutiesaccordingtothetimeofcollection.

Importduty/Exportduty

4.Thetypesofdutiesaccordingtothemethodsofcollection.

Specificduty/AdValoremduty/MixedorCompoundingduty/Alternativeduty

5.Thetypesofnon-tradebarriers.

Quota/importlicense/voluntaryexportrestraints/foreignexchangecontrol/statemonopolyofimportandexport/governmentprocurementpolicy/advanceddeposit/technicalstandard/heathandsanitaryregulation//packagingandlaboringregulation/minimumprice

Chapter2

1.UnderFOB,CFR,CIF,FCA,CPT,CIPterms,

Whichpartyshall

applyforexportlicense?

seller

clearthegoodsforexport?

seller

beresponsibleforinspection?

seller

bearthefreightnecessarytobringthegoodsfromtheportofshipmenttothe

namedportofdestination?

Buyer:

FOB/FCA

beartheinsurancepremiumduringthecarriageofgoodsfromtheportofshipmenttothenamedportofdestination?

Seller:

CIF/CIPbeartheloadingcostattheportofshipment?

Buyer:

FOB/FCAbeartheunloadingcostattheportofdestination?

Seller:

CIF/CPTapplyforimportlicense?

buyer

clearthegoodsforimportandpaytherelevantimportduty?

buyer

beresponsibleforre-inspection?

buyer

Whatmodesoftransporttheycanbeusedfortheseterms?

FOB/CFR/CIF:

Seaorinlandwaterwaytransport

FCA/CIP/CPT:

anymodeoftransportincludingmultimodaltransport

2.WhataretheplacesofdeliveryunderEXW,FOB,CFR,CIF,FCA,CPT,CIP,DDU,DDPterms?

EXWthesellerpr'emise

FOB/CFR/CIFShip'rasil

FCA/CIP/CPTCarrier

DDU/DDPnamedplaceintheimportingcountry

3.ThelegalfeaturesofINCOTERMS.

ItisnotapartofnationalorinternationallawthoughtheycanbeblindingthesellersandthebuyersastheircontractualobligationsprovidedthesalescontractspecifiesthataparticularIncotermswillapply.

Chapter3

1.Fourtypesofmarkusedininternationaltrade

Shippingmarks/informationmarks/indicativemarks/warningmarks

2.Somephrasesshouldnotbeusedinthetermsofpackingincontractsastheyareambiguous,whattheyare?

Sea-worthypackagingcustomarypackaging

3.Themeaningoffollowingcombinationsoflettersandfiguresinthefollowingshippingmark

ABCCo.Standfornameofimporter

XYZ123isreferencenumber,suchasnumberofcontract,

invoiceorshippingdocuments

Shanghaiisportofdestination

Chapter4

1.Twotypesofmerchantvessels.

Liners/tramps

2.ThemeaningsofW,M,AdVal,W/M,W/MorAdValinaLiner'FsreightTariff.

W/byweightM/bymeasurement,volumeAdVal/byvalue

W/MbyweightorvolumeW/MorAdValfirstbyweightorvolume,secondbyvalue

3.ThefunctionsofaB/L.

Areceiptfromshippingco.forshippingg'osods,

Atitledocumenttothegoodsshipped

Aevidenceofthecontractofcarriage

4.ThedifferencesbetweenashippedB/LandareceivedforshipmentB/L.

AShippedB/L:

Goodsareloadingonboard.Thenameofthecarryingvesselandthedateofshippingareindicatedonit.

AreceivedforshipmentB/L:

goodsareunloadingonboard.Nonameofthecarryingvesselandthedateofshippingonit.Onboardnotationisneeded.

5.ThedifferencesbetweenacleanB/LandadirtyB/L.

CleanB/L:

nowordsaboutthedefectiveconditionsofthegoodsorpackagingareprintedontheB/L.goodsareapparentgoodcondition.

DirtyB/L:

packagesareindamagedcondition.

6.ThedifferencesbetweenashortformB/LandalongformB/L.

LongformB/L:

therearecontractclausesprintedonthebackofB/L.

ShortformB/L:

Nocontractclauses.

7.ThefeaturesofanondeckB/L舱面提单andastaleB/L.

DeckB/L:

goodsareplacedonthedeckofshippingtransportation.Noacceptancetotheissuingbank.

AstaleB/L:

goodsarrivebeforethearrivalofshippingdocuments.TheshipmentdateislatterthanthatintheL/C.

8.WhenabearerB/LoranorderB/Listransferred,whattypeofendorsement

isneeded?

Blank/restrictive/specialendorsement

9.WhattypeofanorderB/Lbecomesafterablankendorsement/afteraspecialendorsement?

BearerB/L（blankendorsement）

OrderB/L（specialendorsement）

Chapter5

1.Thetwowaystoexpresstheexchangeratebetweenanytwocurrencies.Directquotationandindirectquotation

2.Underthedirectquotation,whenaforeigncurrencybecomesexpensive/lessexpensive,willthebuyingandsellingratebeupordown?

Expensiveuplessexpensivedown

2.Undertheindirectquotation,whenaforeigncurrencybecomesexpensive/lessexpensive,willthebuyingandsellingratebeupordown?

Expensivedownlessexpensiveup

3.Thecurrencieswhichexportersshouldchoose/avoidasthecontractcurrency.

Choosethecurrencythatwillbecomestronger.

Avoidthecurrencythatwillbecomeweaker.

4.Thecurrencieswhichimportersshouldchoose/avoidasthecontractcurrency.

Choosethecurrencythatwillbecomeweaker.

Avoidthecurrencythatwillbecomestronger

5.ThemethodsofquotationforforeigncurrenciesinChina,theU.K.andthe

U.S.

InChinadirectquotation

TheU.KandtheU.S.indirectquotation

6.The3conditionsforaproposaltobecomeanoffer.

（1）Beaddressedtooneormorespecificperson

（2）Besufficientlydefine

（3）Indicatetheintentionoftheoffertobeboundincaseofacceptance

1.Thethreepartiestoadraft.Drawerpayeedrawee/payer

2.Thedefinitionofabillofexchange

Anunconditionalorderinwritingsignedbyonpartyrequestingasecondpartytomakepaymentinlawfulmoneyimmediatelyoratadeterminablefuturetimetoathirdparty.

3.Ininternationaltrade,whoisusuallythedrawer,thedraweeandthepayeeofadraft?

Sellerdrawerandpayee

Buyerdrawee

4.Thedifferencesbetweenabanker'drsaftandacommercialdraft.

Abanker'dsraftisdrawnbyonebankonanotherbank.Itisusedinsettlingpaymentobligationsbetweenbanks.

Acommercialbankisdrawnbyafirmoraexporter.Thedraweecanbeafirm,anexporterorabank.

5.Thedifferencesbetweenasightdraftandatimedraft.

Sightdraftispayableonpresentation.Thedraweeshouldimmediatelypaytheamountonthedraftdrawnbyhim.

Atimedraftispayableinaspecifiednumberofdays,

After1）itsdateofissuing2）itsdateofacceptance3）itsdateofL/Coratafixedfuturedate.

6.Theproceduresfortheoperationofasightdraftandatimedraft.

Asightdraft:

insurancepresentationpayment

Atimedraft:

insurance---presentation---acceptance---representationpayment

7.Foradishonoredbill,whatmusttheholderobtaintoexercisehisrightofrecourse?

A“certificateofprotest“fromanotarypublic,alawcourtorotherinstitutionsthathavebeenauthorizedbylawtoissuesuchacertificatetocertifythedishonoredofthedraft.

8.ThemeaningsofM/T/,T/TandD/DinEnglishandChinese.

M/T:

mailtransfer信汇T/T:

telegraphictransfer电汇D/D:

abanker'sdemanddraft票汇

9.Thedefinitionofadocumentarycredit.跟单信用证

Itisaconditionalbankundertakingorguaranteeofpayment.

10.The4basicpartiestoaletterofcredit.

Applicant/beneficiary/issuingbank/advisingbank

Thefeaturesofanrevocable/irrevocablecredit,confirmed/unconfirmedcredit.Revocablecreditistheonethatmaybeamendedorcancelledbytheissuingbankatanytimewithoutpriornoticetothebeneficiarybeforethedocumentshavebeenpaid,acceptedandnegotiated.

Irrevocablecreditisonethatcannotbeamendedorcancelledwithoutthepermissionofallparties.

Confirmedcredithasthecommitmentoftheconfirmingbankbesidesthatoftheissuingbank.Theconfirmingbankguaranteesthepaymentandthesellerhasdoubleassuranceofpaymentandisbetterprotected.

Unconfirmedcredithascommitmentoftheissuingbankonly.Thereisonundertakingonthepartofadvisingbankoranyotherbank.

11.Isadraftusuallyrequiredunderasightpayment,negotiation,acceptanceanddeferredpaymentcredit?

Ifyes,whattypeofdraftisneeded?

Sightpayment---（sometimesneeded）sightdraft

Negotiation（must）sightdraftortimedraft

Acceptance---（must）timedraft

Deferred---（noneed）

12.Isasightpayment/negotiation/acceptance/deferredpaymentL/Casightcreditoratimecredit?

Sightpaymentasightcredit

Negotiationatimecreditorsightdraft

Acceptanceatimedraft

Deferredatimedraft

13.InanL/C,whichpartyofacontractisusuallytheapplicantorthebeneficiary?

Applicantbuyerbeneficiary---seller

14.ThemeaningofnegotiationinanL/C.

Negotiationmeansthegivingofvaluefordraftsand/ordocumentsbythebankauthorizedtonegotiate.

15.Canthenegotiatingbankreservestherightofrecoursetothebeneficiaryafterithasnegotiatedthedocuments?

Yes

16.WhenatransferableL/Cistransferredtotheactualsupplier,whatitemsarelikelytobechanged?

Creditamount/unitprice/expirydate/timeofshipment/insuredamount

17.TherelationshipbetweenthemiddlemanandtheactualsupplierinatransferableL/C.

Applicantandbeneficiary

18.Underwhatcircumstanceabacktobackcreditisused?

Whenthetransferredcreditcannotbeused.

19.Therelationshipbetweenthemiddlemanandtheactualsupplierinabacktobackcredit.

Applicantandbeneficiary

20.Thefeaturesofared-clausecredit/revolvingcredit.

Red-clausecredit:

istheonewithaclausethatauthorizedtheadvisingbankmakecleanadvancedpaymenttothebeneficiary.

Revolvingcredit:

isonethatisissuedforaspecificamountwhichrenewsitselfforthesameamountoveragivenperiod.

Chapter7

Whatdonaturalcalamitiesrefertoinoceanmarineinsurance?

Heavyweather/lightening/tsunami/washingoverboard/floodandvolcanicexplosion.

Whatdofortuitousaccidentsrefertoinoceanmarineinsurance?

Carryingvesselbeinggrounded,stranded,sunkorincollisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjects,fireandexplosion.

Whatdoextraneousrisks