HND采购Word文档格式.docx
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contents
1.0Introduction 3
2.0outcomel 3
2.1Effectofinternationalbusinessenvironment 3
2.2ExplainIPDincreasebusinesscompetitiveness 4
2.3Understandingofinternationalqualitystandards 4
2.4Theimpactoftechnologyonoverseaspurchasingdecisions 5
2.5Internationalprocurementstrategy 5
3.0oucome2 6
3.1howculture,languageaffectoverseaspurchasing 6
3.2thefactorsaffectingforeignexchangerates 7
3.3howcurrencyexchangefinancialrisk 7
3.4theeffectofcounter-tradeonoverseassourcing 8
3.5thebenefitsofforwardbuyingtothecompany 8
3.6IPDachievecontinuityandsecurity 9
4.0outcome3 9
4.1thestrategicroleoftheIPDinreducingcosts 9
4.2theobjectivesoftheIPD 10
4.3thecompany’sinternationalpurchasingcycle 10
4.4relationshipsbetweenPurchasinganddepartments 11
4.5thecontributionoftheIPDappraisal 11
4.6.theneedforpaymentdocumentation 11
4.7theimpactofIncoterms 12
5.0outcome4 12
5.1describetheintemationaldistributionchannels 12
5.2evahiatetheroleoffreightforwarders 13
5.3evahiatethecontributionofITCtointegrating 14
5.4transportmodestominimisefreightcosts 15
6.0conclusion 16
7.0reference 17
1.0Introduction
Thisreportisaboutthegeneralmotors.Thegeneralmotorsisainternationalcarcompany,thereintheinternationalautomarkethasacertainmarketshare,theyhopetoincreasetheirmarketsharethroughthenewinternationalstrategyandinternationalprocurementsystem.GeneralMotorsCorporationisoneoftheearliestcompaniesintheUnitedStatestoimplementthejoint-stockandexpertgroupmanagement,inparticularattentiontothequalitycontrolandtheuseofnewtechnology,andthusitsproductsarealwaysintheheartsofusers.Withthebreakthroughinbattery,electricvehicleandpowercontrol,GeneralMotorscontinuestoexpanditsleadingpositionintheelectricvehicle.
2.0outcomel
2.1Effectofinternationalbusinessenvironment
Theinternationalpurchasingdepartmentperformsmanyinternationalactivitiestoensureitdeliversmaximumvaluetotheorganization.Internationalbusinessenvironmentincludevariousrespectlikelegalsystemandpoliticalsystem.ThesewillmaketheIPDbecomemoreandmoredifficult.
Ontheonehand,thechangebroughtaboutbytherapiddevelopmentofe-commerceprocurementmethods,byofflinepurchaseintoonlinepurchase,fromforinventorypurchaseordersprocurementinto,byinternalpurchasingmanagementtoexternalresources,bydecentralizedprocurementintocentralizedprocurement,fromthetraditionalpurchasingintoajust-in-timepurchasing.Ontheotherhand,attachesgreatimportancetothesupplier'
sconsciousnessofenvironmentprotection,resourceutilization,focusonsustainabilityoftheprocurementofgoodsorservices,andconstantlyimprovethelogisticsactivityofenvironmentalprotectionandresourceutilizationdegree.eg,GEpurchasingdepartmentneedstoincreasethecompany'
selectronicprocurementsystemtoincreasethevariouscountriestoincreasethenewpolicytoensurethatthecompany'
sprocurementplanwillnotbeunderstoodandREdevelopment,toavoidunnecessarytimecosts.
2.2ExplainIPDincreasebusinesscompetitiveness.
Byfindingsuitablesuppliersthatwillallowthecompanytoincreasecompetitivenessthroughlowerprice,improveddeliveriesandbetterqualitySupplierselectionstrategyisanimportantfunctionofenterprisestrategy.Eachfunctionalstrategyshouldbeconsistentwiththeenterprisecompetitionstrategy.What’smore,buildinginformationsystemforenterpriseoperationmodeinordertodealwithfromoutsidethefunctionsofthepurchasingandsupplyinformationflows,andtoproduceforpurchasingdepartmentofotherfunctionaldepartmentsandinstitutionsrequiredforinformationflow,andthenimprovetheefficiencyandeffectivenessofprocurementwork.Atthesametime,astheaspectsofcommunicationandcontactbetweenenterprisesandsupplierstoimprovethefastandsmoothchannels.Establishingagoodsystemofprocurement.Purchasingmanagementofthemainsystemhavepurchasingleadershipsystem,theeconomicresponsibilitysystem,supervisionsystemandthesystemofdemocraticmanagement.eg,GeneralCompanycanthroughthepurchaseplanforthesameindustry,tofindtheproductrequirements,whilethehigherqualityandreasonablepriceofthepurchaseproducts,improveproductcompetitiveness,improvemarketshare.
2.3Lnderstandingofinternationalqualitystandards
TheimplementationofISO9001standardsisconducivetoimprovingthequalityofproducts,toprotecttheinterestsofconsumers,improvethecredibilityoftheproduct.Thequalitymanagementsystemprovidesaframeworkforcontinuousimprovement,increasingcustomer(consumer)andotherrelevantpartiestotheextentofsatisfaction.Therefore,theISO9001standardprovidesaneffectivemethodtoimprovetheenterprise'
smanagementabilityandenhancethemarketcompetitionability.Customer'
sneedsandexpectationsareconstantlychanging,whichmakestheenterprisetocontinuetoimprovetheproductandprocess.Thequalitymanagementsystemrequirementsfortheenterprisetoimprovetheproductandprocessprovidesaneffectiveway.ImplementISO9001standardtoeliminatetechnicalbarriers,eliminatetradebarriersplayedaverypositiverole.egIftheGeneralCompanyusetheinternationalqualitystandardstomanufacturecars,productioncarscanbesoldinmostcountriesaroundtheworld,increasethecompetitivenessofproducts,reducethetradebarrierscausedbythequalitystandards,thecarsaleshaveaverypositiverole.
2.4Theimpactoftechnologyonoverseaspurchasingdecisions
ThedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyhasagreatpositiveeffectonoverseaspurchasingdecisionTheuseofelectronicsystemscanquicklyintegratetheproductinformationofallpartsoftheworld.Fastercontrastwiththeindustry'
sproductpricesandproductpricesaroundthecompany,moreefficienttofindtheproductlinewiththecompany’sprocurementplanReducelaborcosts,businessdocumentprocessingisaccurate,canreducetheoccurrenceofredoorders,inventoryandordercancellationShortenorderprocessing,deliverytime,helpenterprisestoreduceinventory.Inventorycanbereducedbyanaverageofabout10%.egIftheGeneralCompanyusestheEDIsystem,thecostisonly1/3ofthetraditionalpaperfilemode,andtheprocessingtimeoftheinvoiceisless,andthereductionofthecarontheorderduetotheweightofthemanual,thesingleissueoftheleakage.
2.5Internationalprocurementstrategy
Strategicdecisionsaredifferentfromadministrativeandoperationaldecisions.Administrativedecisionsareroutinedecisionswhichhelporratherfacilitatestrategicdecisionsoroperationaldecisions.Operationaldecisionsaretechnicaldecisionswhichhelpexecutionofstrategicdecisions.ToreducecostisastrategicdecisionwhichisachievedthroughoperationaldecisionofreducingthenumberofemployeesandhowwecarryoutthesereductionswillbeadministrativedecisionStrategicdecisionsareatthetopmostlevel,areuncertainastheydealwiththefuture,andinvolvealotofrisk.egToreducetheriskoftheirstrategicdecisions,thecompany’stopdecision-makingteamneedstohaveahighunderstandingoftheprocurementstrategy,theneedtostrengthentheknowledgeinthisarea.Relevantstaffmembersneedtounderstandtheimplementationstepsofstrategicdecision-making,betterwiththecompany'
sstrategicoperations.
Materialprocurementprocess
3.0oucomel
3.1howculture,languageaffectoverseaspurchasing
Thedifferentculturesofdifferentcountrieshavedifferentinfluenceonthebehaviorofthepeopleofdifferentcountries.Cultureandcommunicationarebothlanguageasthecarrier,throughdifferentnationsofthelanguagewearenoteasytofind:
thevaluesofdifferentnations,whetherthereisthesamecustoms,religiousbeliefs,nationalsystems,etc..Theseculturalfactorsmayexistinarestrictedlanguageorlanguagecommunication,whichcanshowtheso-called"
languagecommunicationculture"
.Languagehasplayedanirreplaceableroleinbusinessnegotiation.Thefailureofmostoftheforeignbusinessnegotiationsisrelatedtothemisunderstandingincommunication.Forexample,iftheGeneralCompanyintheMuslimcountriesofstrategicdevelopment,eatingporkanddrinking,willgivetheMuslimnegotiatorsabadimpression,soastobringasubjectivesenseofbusinessnegotiations.
3.2thefactorsaffectingforeignexchangerates
1.interestrate.Thedifferenceofthelevelofinterestratesindifferentcountriescandirectlyaffecttheinternationalshort-termcapitalflows,andtheexchangerateoftheexchangeratehasacertainadjustmentfunction.Acountrytoraiseinterestrates,canpromotetheinflowofforeigncapital,resultinginanincreaseinthedemandforthecountry’scurrency,theexchangeratewillrise;
conversely,interestrateslower,resultingincapitaloutflows,exchangeratemayfall.Itshouldbenotedthatthedifferenceininterestratesismainlytoseethedifferencebetweentheactualinterestrates.
2marketexpectations.Aconsiderableroleinthechangeofpsychologicalfactorsontheexchangeratemarketexpectations,duetooptimisticaboutthepeopleofacountry’seconomicstatus,balanceofpaymentssituation,inflation,interestrateoutlook,itwillcausethecountrywithalotofmoneyinbuying,resultingintheriseintheexchangerate;
otherwisebearish,exchangeratewillfall.
3macroeconomicpoliciesofthecountry.Macroeconomicpolicies,especiallyfiscalandmonetarypolic