高考英语阅读理解精英训练题5及答案.docx

高考英语阅读理解精英训练题5及答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解精英训练题5及答案

2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练题（5）及答案

阅读理解

Thereisincreasingevidencethattheimpactsofmeteorites（陨星）havehadimportanteffectsonEarth,particularlyinthefieldofbiologicalevolution.SuchimpactscontinuetoposeanaturalhazardtolifeonEarth.Ifanimpactislargeenough,itcandisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireEarthandcauseanecologicalcatastrophe.Thebest-documentedsuchimpacttookplace65millionyearsagoattheendoftheCretaceousperiod（白垩纪期）ofgeologicalhistory.ThisbreakinEarth'shistoryismarkedbyamassextinction,whenasmanyashalfthespeciesontheplanetbecameextinct.Whilethereareadozenormoremassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord,theCretaceousmassextinctionhasalwaysintriguedpaleontologists（古生物学者）becauseitmarkstheendoftheageofthedinosaurs.Fortensofmillionsofyears,thosegreatcreatureshadflourished.Then,suddenly,theydisappeared.

ThebodythatimpactedEarthattheendoftheCretaceousperiodwasameteoritewithamassofmorethanatrilliontonsandadiameterofatleast10kilometers.Scientistsfirstidentifiedthisimpactin1980fromtheworldwidelayerofsediment（沉积物）depositedfromthedustcloudthatenvelopedtheplanetaftertheimpact.Thissedimentlayerisenrichedintheraremetaliridium（铱）andotherelementsthatarerelativelyabundantinameteoritebutveryrareinthecrust（地壳）ofEarth.Evendiluted（稀释）bytheterrestrial（地球的）materialexcavated（挖掘）fromthecrater,thiscomponentofmeteoritesiseasilyidentified.By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatregionofMexico.Thecrater,nowdeeplyburiedinsediment,wasoriginallyabout200kilometersindiameter.

Thisimpactreleasedanenormousamountofenergy,excavatingacraterabouttwiceaslargeasthelunarcraterTycho.Theexplosionliftedabout100trilliontonsofdustintotheatmosphere.Suchaquantityofmaterialwouldhaveblockedthesunlightcompletelyfromreachingthesurface,plungingEarthintoaperiodofcoldanddarknessthatlastedatleastseveralmonths.Theexplosionisalsocalculatedtohaveproducedvastquantitiesofnitricacid（硝酸）andmeltedrockthatsprayedoutovermuchofEarth,startingwidespreadfiresthatmusthaveconsumedmostterrestrialforestsandgrassland.Presumably,thoseenvironmentaldisasterscouldhavebeenresponsibleforthemassextinction,includingthedeathofthedinosaurs.

Severalothermassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecordhavebeententativelyidentifiedwithlargeimpacts,butnoneissodramaticastheCretaceousevent.Butevenwithoutsuchspecificdocumentation,itisclearthatimpactsofthissizedooccurandthattheirresultscanbecatastrophic.Whatisacatastropheforonegroupoflivingthings,however,maycreateopportunitiesforanothergroup.Followingeachmassextinction,thereisasuddenevolutionaryburstasnewspeciesdeveloptofilltheecologicalnichesopenedbytheevent.

Impactsbymeteoritesrepresentonewaythatcouldcauseglobalcatastrophesandseriouslyinfluencetheevolutionoflifeallovertheplanet.Accordingtosomeestimates,themajorityofallextinctionsofspeciesmaybeduetosuchimpacts.Suchaperspectivefundamentallychangesourviewofbiologicalevolution.Thestandardcriterionforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitssuccessincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychangingenvironments.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciestosurviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.

5.Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthorincludetheinformationthatdinosaurshadflourishedfortensofmillionsofyearsandthensuddenlydisappeared?

A.TosupporttheclaimthatthemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceousisthebest-documentedofthedozenorsomassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord.

B.ToexplainwhyasmanyashalfofthespeciesonEarthatthetimearebelievedtohavebecomeextinctattheendoftheCretaceous.

C.ToexplainwhypaleontologistshavealwaysbeenintriguedbythemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceous]

D.Toprovideevidencethatanimpactcanbelargeenoughtodisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireplanetandcauseanecologicaldisaster.

6.Accordingtoparagraph3,howdidscientistsdeterminethatalargemeteoritehadimpactedEarth?

A.TheydiscoveredalargecraterintheYucatregionofMexico.

B.Theyfoundauniquelayerofsedimentworldwide.

C.TheywerealertedbyarchaeologistswhohadbeenexcavatingintheYucatregion.

D.Theylocatedameteoritewithamassofoveratrilliontons.

7.Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueoftheimpactattheendoftheCretaceousperiodEXCEPT:

A.AlargeamountofdustblockedsunlightfromEarth.

B.Earthbecamecoldanddarkforseveralmonths.

C.NewelementswereformedinEarth'scrust.

D.Largequantitiesofnitricacidwereproduced.

8.Thephrasetentativelyidentifiedinthepassageisclosestinthemeaningto____________.

A.identifiedwithoutcertaintyB.identifiedaftercarefulstudy

C.occasionallyidentifiedD.easilyidentified

9.Paragraph6supportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefactorsthatareessentialforthesurvivalofaspecies?

A.Themostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitsabilitytocompeteandadapttogradualchangesinitsenvironment.

B.Theabilityofaspeciestocompeteandadapttoagraduallychangingenvironmentisnottheonlyabilitythatisessentialforsurvival.

C.Sincemostextinctionsofspeciesareduetomajormeteoriteimpacts,theabilitytosurvivesuchimpactsisthemostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspecies.

D.Thefactorsthataremostimportantforthesurvivalofaspeciesvarysignificantlyfromonespeciestoanother.

参考答案5-9CBCAB

第三部分：

阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

（2012·四川眉山一诊）

TomatoFestival

Startedin2005,theTomatoFestivalhasgrownintoalocaltraditioninMalta.Inrecentyears,thefestivalhasaddedamusementparkstyleridesandayearlyCreatureFeature,whichscreensoldhorriblemovies.Therearealsodancecompetitions,paradesandpancakebreakfast.ThirdweekendinAugust.Address:

833TinkhamRd,FountainPark,Wilbraham,Massachusetts01095Phone：

（413）5990010

BratDays

Don'tmistakethisfestivalforadayfilledwithpoorlybehavedchildren.Begunm1953,thegatheringisthebiggestfestivalinthecityeachyearandfeaturesmorethan50stands（摊位）sellingthesausage,aswellasacontesttoseewhocanquicklyeatthemostbratwurst（德国式小香肠）intenminutes.EarlyAugust.

Address:

17thandNewJerseysts,KiwanisPark,Sheboygan,Wisconsin53081

Phone:

（920）4579491

HopeWatermelonFestival

Thefestivaldatesbacktothe1920s,whenmanytrainswentthroughthissmalltownandlocalwatermelongrowerswouldselltheirwatermelontoparchedtravelers.Thesedays,thefestivalseesaWatermelonQueencrowned（加冠的）andsometimesaworldrecordwatermelongrown.Therearealsomorethan300standssellingartsandcraftsfromasixstatearea,aswellasacarshowandtheWatermelonOlympics.EarlyAugust.

Address:

108W3rdSt,Hope,Arkansas71801Phone:

（870）7773640

OysterFestival（牡蛎节）

Featuringappearancesfromtallshipsandoysterboats,thisfestivalhasregularlydrawn60,000visitorsayearsinceitbeganin1978.Morethan3,000volunteers（志愿者）makethefestivalpossibleeachyear.NorwalkislessthanatwohourdrivefrommanyofNewEngland'slargercities,makingiteasytoattendthefestivalduringatriptoNewYorkorHartford.WeekendafterLaborDay.

Address:

SeaviewAve,Veteran'sPark,EastNorwalk,Connecticut06855Phone:

（800）8667925

文章大意：

本文主要介绍了国外四种节日起源的时间，不同的庆祝方式、时间和地点。

56．Whichofthefollowingfestivalshasthelongesthistory?

A.OysterFestival.

B．HopeWatermelonFestival.

C.BratDays.

D．TomatoFestival.

答案：

B　对比归纳题。

从文中可以得到各个节日的起源时间为：

OysterFestival1978年；HopeWatermelonFestival20世纪20年代；BratDays1953年；TomatoFestival2005年．故B项的历史最长。

57．Theunderlinedword“parched”inthethirdpassagemeans________.

A.tiredB．hungry

C．thirstyD．excited

答案：

C　猜测词义题。

西瓜最好的特性是“甘甜解渴”。

故反推得C。

58．Inwhichofthefollowingactivitiescanyouenjoythefrighteningfilms?

A.TheCreatureFeature

B.TheWatermelonOlympics

C.TheEatingbratwurstContest

D．DanceCompetitions

答案：

A　细节理解题。

只有TomatoFestival中的第二句提到，其中的theCreatureFeature里放oldhorriblemovies“旧的恐怖电影”。

59．IfitisAugust15todaythisyear,youmightstillattend____.

A.BratDaysB．OysterFestival

C.HopeWatermelonFestivalD．TomatoFestival

答案：

D　推理判断题。

几个节日的日期只有TomatoFestival是在8月的第三个星期，在8月15日之后。

（201*·浙江卷）A

OneeveninginFebruary2007.astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That'swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultClioparkedacrossarailwayline.Secondlater,shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks.

Ceely'snearmissmadethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice（导航仪）.Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS.Butitmadenomentionofthecrossing."Iputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrain,"shetoldtheBBC.

Whoistoblamehere?

RickStevenson,whotellsCeely'sstoryinhisbookWhenMachinesFailUS,fingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.Weputourfaithindigitaldevices,hesays,

butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit’snotjustGPSdevices:

Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfromm