届高考英语专练之自我检测八.docx

届高考英语专练之自我检测八.docx

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届高考英语专练之自我检测八

2020届高考英语专练之自我检测（八）

1、WhetheryouliveinSeattleortheSaharadesert,thetimehascometoinvestinagoodraincoatorumbrella,anewstudysuggests.

Asglobaltemperaturescontinuetorise,more"extremerain"events-intense,cats-and-dogsdownpours-canbeexpected,saidthestudy,publishedMondayinthejournalNatureClimateChange.Andthat,scientistssaid,meansanincreasedfloodrisk,particularlyfortheworld'sdriestareas.Thestudychallengestheideathatglobalwarmingiscausingdryareastobecomedrierandwetareaswetter.

"Inbothwetanddryregions,weseethesegreatincreasesinheavyprecipitation（冰雹）,"leadauthorMarkusDonat,aclimatescientistattheUniversityofNewSouthWales,toldNature.

Donatandhisteamcollecteddatafrom1951to2010onextremeprecipitationeventsfrom11,000weatherstationsaroundtheworld,Naturereported.

Inthattime,thenumberofdayswith"extremeprecipitation"increased1percentto2percentperdecade.

"Wefoundastrongrelationshipbetweenglobalwarmingandanincreaseinrainfall,particularlyinareasoutsideofthetropics,"Donatsaidinastatement.

"Importantly,thisresearchsuggestswewillseetheseextremerainfalleventsincreasesatregionallevelsindryareas,notjustasanaverageacrosstheglobe,"Donatadded.

PeterStott,aseniorclimatescientistatMetOffice,toldClimateCentralthatthestudy'sfindingsareimportant,becausemoreviolentrainfallandfloodingwill"challengeourcapabilitytoadapttoarapidlychangingclimate."

AsNaturereported,theresearchaligns（结盟）witha2015studythatfoundglobalwarminghasledtoasharpincreaseinrecord-breakingprecipitationevents.DonattoldNaturethathisstudyshouldcomeasawarningtoworldgovernments.

1.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthestudy'sfindings?

______

A.Globalwarmingiscausingdryareastobecomedrierandwetareaswetter.

B.Extremeraineventscanbeexpectedatregionallevelsindryareas.

C.Extremerainfalleventsincreaseatregionallevelsinwetareas.

D.Rainfallincreasesparticularlyinthetropicsareas.

2.WhydoesScottthinkthefindingsareimportant?

______

A.Theresearchalignswitha2015study.

B.Theyareaboutextremeprecipitationevents.

C.Theyremindustoadjusttorapidclimatechanges.

D.Thestudyinvolvesmanyfamousclimatescientists.

3.Thepurposeofthestudyisto______.

A.encourageinvestorstostartbusinessinSeattleortheSaharadesert

B.persuadepeopletotakearaincoatoranumbrellawiththem

C.challengethepreviousfindingsofresearchonclimate

D.warnworldgovernmentstofocusonglobalwarming

2、Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?

ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.

Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund（基金）（ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor）

Forweeks,I’vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:

Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?

Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?

Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.

Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.

1.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?

A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.

C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.

2.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?

A.Savingupforherholiday.B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.

C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.

3.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?

A.TotryoutanideaB.Toshowaparent'slove

C.TotrainhisattentionD.Tohelphimstartahobby

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TakeItorLeaveItB.ALessonfromKids

C.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving

3、Athleteswhocanrunseveralmarathonsinjustmonthsmightseemunstoppable.Thebiggestobstacle,itturnsout,istheirownbodies.Anewstudyfindoutforthefirsttimea“ceiling”forenduranceactivitiessuchaslong­distancerunningandbiking.

“Physiologistsandathletesalikehavelongbeeninterestedinjusthowfarthehumanbodycanpushitself.Whenexercisingoverafewhours,awealthofevidencesuggestsmostpeoplemaxoutataboutfivetimestheirbasalmetabolic（代谢的）rate（BMR）.Howhumansuseenergyduringlongerenduranceactivitiesisanotherquestionentirely,”saysHermanPontzer,anevolutionarytheoristatDukeUniversity,NorthCarolina.

PontzersawanopportunitytoanswerthatquestionwhenBryceCarlson,anenduranceathleteandformerbiochemistatPurdueUniversity,organizedtheRaceAcrosstheUSAin2015.Runnerscovered4,957kilometersoverthecourseof20weeksinaseriesofmarathonsstretchingfromLosAngeles,California,toWashington,D.C.

Tofindouthowmanycaloriestheathletesinthestudyburned,Pontzer,Carlson,andcolleaguesreplacedthenormalhydrogenandoxygenintheirdrinkingwaterwithharmless,uncommonisotopes（同位素）ofthoseelements.Bychemicallytracinghowtheseisotopesflushoutinurine,sweat,andbreath,scientistscancalculatehowmuchcarbondioxideanathleteproduces—ameasurethatdirectlyrelatestohowmanycaloriestheyburn.

Pontzer'steamthencollectedenergyconsumptiondataoverthecourseoftheracetoseehowmanycaloriestheyburnedperday.Theyfoundthatwhatevertheeventis,energyconsumptionleveledoffafterabout20days,eventuallystayingatasteadylevelatabout2.5timesanathlete'sBMR.Atthatpoint,thebodyisburningcaloriesmorequicklythanitcanabsorbfoodandturnitintoenergy,representingabiologicallydeterminedceilingonhumanperformance.

“Itwasjustoneofthosemomentsofdiscoverythatasascientistyoujustlivefor,”Pontzersaid.“Weendedupplottingouttheverylimitsofhumanendurance,theenvelopeforwhathumanscando.”

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ceiling”inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A.Theweaknessofhumanbodies.B.Theeffectoflastingexercise.

C.Thewayhumansuseenergy.D.Thelimitofhumanendurance.

2.Whichofthefollowingisadirectmeasureofanathlete'senergyconsumption?

A.Thehydrogenandoxygenintheirdrinkingwater.

B.Thecarbondioxidetheirbodiescreate.

C.Theamountoftheirurine,sweatandbreath.

D.Theremainingisotopesintheirbody.

3.WhatisthepurposeofPontzer'sstudy?

A.Toconfirmthatanathlete'sphysicalextremeismainlydeterminedbyhis

B.MR.B.Tocomparehumanlimitsincommonexercisewiththoseinenduranceactivities.

C.Tofindoutwherethehighestenergyconsumptionofanathletelies.

D.Tosetareasonablestandardforresearchesconcernedwithhumanbody

4.HowdidPontzerfeelwhentheirstudyresultscameout?

A.Excited.B.Regretful.C.Surprised.D.Hopeful.

4、The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show  stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill everygap（间隙）withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the personwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.

Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.

Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing（治愈）valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?

A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.