北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试511Word下载.docx
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Thestudyaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethatthere’s“anintimaterelationshipbetweentheamountofsleepwegetandourabilitytomaintainagood,healthybodyweight,”sayssleepexpertHeleneEmsellem,directoroftheCenterforSleepandWakeDisordersinChevyChase,Maryland.（76）ButAmericansdon’tseemtobegettingthemessagethatweneedseventoninehourspernight.Morethan1in5ofus,accordingtoareportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,isgettingsixorfewerhoursofsleeppernight,onaverage.
SohowdidresearchersstudyfatcellsintheAnnalspaper?
MatthewBradyoftheUniversityofChicagoandagroupofcolleaguesselectedandpersuadedsevenvolunteerstotakepartintheresearchproject.Theywereallyoung,thinandhealthyandagreedtosleepforeightnightsinasleeplab.“Forfournightstheywereallowedtostayinbedfor8.5hoursanight,”saysBrady.Then,amonthlater,theycamebackforfouradditionalnights——butthistimetheywereallowedjust4.5hoursofsleeppernight.Andaftereachvisit,researchersgotasampleoftheirfat.（77）Bradyexplainsthatthefatcellsrespondedsignificantlytothelossofsleep.“Iwasverysurprisedtobehonest,”hesays.
Badthingscanhappenwhenfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.“Fatcellsareactuallyyourfriend,”hesays.“They’retheretostorelipids（血脂）.”Whenlipidsstayinsidethecells,yourbodycanutilizethefatwhenyou’reexercisingorsleepingorgoingaboutyourday.“However,whenfatcellsstarttobecomeinsulinresistant,thelipidsstarttoleachoutofthefatcellsandriseinthebloodstream,”Bradysays.
1.Accordingtothepassage,lackofsleepforalongwhilecanprobablyleadtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.
A.heartdiseaseB.weightgainC.diabetesD.liverdisease
2.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphis_____
A.howtowriteamedicalresearchpaper
B.howtoavoidsleeploss
C.howtheresearchwasconducted
D.howtoconductamedicalexperiment
3.Whatdoesthe“leach”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?
A.Leap.B.Lead.C.Lean.D.Leak.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Wewillbeintroubleifourfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.
B.Moreandmorestudiesaredonetostudythelindbetweensleepandweight.
C.Morethan20%ofAmericansarenotgettingenoughsleep.
D.Fatcellsaretheretohelpusmaintainagoodhealth.
5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?
A.PoorSleepMayLeadtoTooMuchStoredFatandDisease
B.SleepExpertsHadExcitingFindingsinaFatStudy
C.AmericansShouldHaveMoreThanSixHoursofSleep
D.BadThingsHappenifFatCellsBecomeOurFriend
Passage2
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thetopoftheworldisawonderland.Inwinter,thetemperatureoftenfallsto-30°
Fandthesunneverrises.Theoceanissurroundedbyfrozenground.Therearefewpeopleortrees,buttopolarbears,theArctic（北极）ishome.
（78）Polarbearshavethickfur,bigpawsandotherfeaturesthatmakethemwellpreparedforlifeintheirtoughenvironment.Infact,theyneedtheArcticseaiceforsurvival.Butclimatechangeiscausinglargerareasofsummerseaicetomelt（融化）.Expertssaythatifwarmingpatternscontinue,theArcticcouldbefreeofsummerseaiceby2050.Thatmaycausetwo-thirdsoftheworld'
s20,000polarbearstobegonebythentoo.
Polarbearscan'
tsurviveforlongonland.Sealsaretheirmainsourceoffood.Theonlyplacewherepolarbearscanhuntsealsisontheice.（79）Althoughthesebearsarestrongswimmers,theyarenomatchforlightningswiftsealsinthewater.Apolarbearhasbrilliantlycleverstrategiestoovercomethisdisadvantage.Inwinterthebearwaitsmotionlessbesideaseal'
sbreathinghole,whichisanarrowtunnelthroughtheice.Oftenmanyhourspassbeforethesealcomesupforairandthebearkillsitwithapowerfulblowofitspaw.Insummer,thepolarbearsthatliveonlandeatverylittleandwaitfortheseaicetoreturn.
Withtheseaiceforminglaterintheyearandmeltingearlier,polarbearsdonothaveenoughopportunitytohuntandeat.Lessseaicemakesitharderforthebearstocatchtheseals.Thebearsmustswimlongerdistancesbetweenicepacks（大片浮冰）,andtheycan'
talwaysmakeit.Theiceisalsogettingthinner.Theseconditionscancausepolar-bearcubstobecomeseparatedfromtheirmothers,whoprovidethemwithfood.
StevenAmstrupisthechiefscientistofPolarBearsInternational.Thegroupaimstosavethebearsandtheirhome."
Themorepeoplewhoseepolarbearsandunderstandtheirdifficultsituation,thebetterthechancewe'
llalterourwarmingpathintimetosavethem,"
hesays.
6.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ClimateChangeintheArcticB.HowtoProtecttheEnvironment
C.TheArcticIsHometoPolarBearsD.PolarBearsinDanger
7.Wheredopolarbearsusuallyhuntseals?
A.OnlandB.Inopenwater.
C.Inopeningsintheseaice.D.Atthebottomofthesea.
8.Theword"
cubs"
inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____
A.adultsB.babiesC.huntersD.enemies
9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Starvingpolarbearsareincreasinglycomingintovillages,wheretheymaybe
killedeitherforfoodorsafety.
B.Polarbearscanspendtheirentirelivesonlandiftheseaicemeltscompletely.
C.Two-thirdsoftheworld'
spolarbearsmaydisappearby2050asglobalwarming
continues.
D.Thegrowingdistancebetweenicepacksisnotaproblemforpolarbears,
becausetheyareexcellentswimmers.
10.What'
sthemissionofPolarBearsInternational?
A.Savingenergy.
B.Conductingscientificresearch.
C.Seekinginternationalcooperation.
D.Savingpolarbearsandtheirhome.
Passage3
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Imagineaschoolthatexpecteditsstudentstobecomeliterate（有读写能力的）withoutanyformalinstruction.Mostparentswouldbealarmedbysuchanapproach,whichwouldleavetheirchildrenconfusedandwithgapsintheirunderstanding.Thishoweverhasbeenthephilosophyoncharacterdevelopmentinmanyofourschools.Whyisthedevelopmentofcharacterseenassomehowdifferentfromtheotherskillsthatweteach?
Ofcoursetherewillalwaysbelearningbyosmosis（耳濡目染）inanyschool,butasateacherandprimaryschoolheadIhavefoundthatachild'
smoralliteracyisstrengthenedwhentheyacquirethebuildingblocksofgoodcharactersuchasconsideration,courageandhonor:
qualitieswhicharecommonlyknownasvirtue（美德）.
Ipersonallyfindthatexploringavirtueoveratwo-weekperiodprovidesasimpleandeffectiveprogramthatallowsforthecreativeinputofbothteacherandstudentandachanceforthevirtuetoembed（使融入）itself.Oncealessononavirtuesuchashonestyhasbeencompletedweneedtoallowtimeforchildrentopracticethisconceptjustaswouldbethecasewithfractionsorverbs.Allowingchildrentoroleplayasituationsuchasmakingupexcusestocoveramistakecanbeenormouslyinteresting,andthedramacanbefrozenallowingthecharacterstobequestionedabouttheirfeelingsandmovies.（80）It’salsoasafewayforchildrentoexperienceforthemselveshowalieusuallygoesoutofcontrol.
Ourroleaseducatorsisalsotolookforopportunitiestohelpourstudentsastheyattempttostrengthentheircharacters.Whensomethinggoeswrongweguidetheyoungpersontothevirtuethatwillpreventitfromhappeningagain.Forinstance,whenastudentthoughtlesslydisturbsthecalmatmosphereofthelibrary,insteadofaresponsesuchas,"
thatwasreallydisrespectfulandselfishofyou!
"
wedrawoutfromthemtherequiredvirtue:
"
Whenyou'
rewalkingthroughthelibrary,whatvirtuesdoyouneedtouse?
11.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Teachingmoralsandvalueshasbeenafrequentlydiscussedtopicinthepastfewyears.
B.Theauthorandhisstaffembedvirtuesintolessonsandschoollifetoencouragecharacterdevelopmentinchildren.
C.Kidsthroughoutthepopulationfacethesameneeds,thesamechallenges,andthesamerealitiesintheirlives.
D.RoleplaysareanexcellentwayofgettingstudentstopracticetheirEnglish.
12.Wecaninferfromthefirstparagraphthat_.
A.theretendstobedisagreementaboutwhatcharactereducationis
B.mostparentsarenotsatisfiedwiththeteachingmethodsadoptedinschools
C.theapproachtocharactereducationisgenerallyconsidereddifferentfromtheapproachestootherskills
D.moreandmoreschoolsareadoptingstrategiestoimproveschoolattendance
13.Theword"
philosophy"
inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_
A.studyB.subjectC.viewpointD.investigation
14.Theauthorisa_____
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