美国经典英文演讲100篇MessagetotheGrassroots.docx

美国经典英文演讲100篇MessagetotheGrassroots.docx

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美国经典英文演讲100篇MessagetotheGrassroots

MalcolmX

MessageToTheGrassRoots

deliveredon10Nov,1963inDetroit,MI

...Andduringthefewmomentsthatwehaveleft,wewanttohavejustanoff-the-cuffchatbetweenyouandme--us.Wewanttotalkrightdowntoearthinalanguagethateverybodyherecaneasilyunderstand.Weallagreetonight,allofthespeakershaveagreed,thatAmericahasaveryseriousproblem.NotonlydoesAmericahaveaveryseriousproblem,butourpeoplehaveaveryseriousproblem.America'sproblemisus.We'reherproblem.Theonlyreasonshehasaproblemisshedoesn'twantushere.Andeverytimeyoulookatyourself,beyoublack,brown,red,oryellow--aso-calledNegro--yourepresentapersonwhoposessuchaseriousproblemforAmericabecauseyou'renotwanted.Onceyoufacethisasafact,thenyoucanstartplottingacoursethatwillmakeyouappearintelligent,insteadofunintelligent.

WhatyouandIneedtodoislearntoforgetourdifferences.Whenwecometogether,wedon'tcometogetherasBaptistsorMethodists.Youdon'tcatchhell'causeyou'reaBaptist,andyoudon'tcatchhell'causeyou'reaMethodist.Youdon'tcatchhell'causeyou'reaMethodistorBaptist.Youdon'tcatchhellbecauseyou'reaDemocratoraRepublican.Youdon'tcatchhellbecauseyou'reaMasonoranElk.Andyousuredon'tcatchhell'causeyou'reanAmerican;'causeifyouwasanAmerican,youwouldn'tcatchnohell.Youcatchhell'causeyou'reablackman.Youcatchhell,allofuscatchhell,forthesamereason.

Soweareallblackpeople,so-calledNegroes,second-classcitizens,ex-slaves.Youarenothingbuta[sic]ex-slave.Youdon'tliketobetoldthat.Butwhatelseareyou?

Youareex-slaves.Youdidn'tcomehereonthe"Mayflower."Youcamehereonaslaveship--inchains,likeahorse,oracow,orachicken.Andyouwerebroughtherebythepeoplewhocamehereonthe"Mayflower."Youwerebroughtherebytheso-calledPilgrims,orFoundingFathers.Theyweretheoneswhobroughtyouhere.

Wehaveacommonenemy.Wehavethisincommon:

Wehaveacommonoppressor,acommonexploiter,andacommondiscriminator.Butonceweallrealizethatwehavethiscommonenemy,thenweuniteonthebasisofwhatwehaveincommon.Andwhatwehaveforemostincommonisthatenemy--thewhiteman.He'sanenemytoallofus.Iknowsomeofyouallthinkthatsomeofthemaren'tenemies.Timewilltell.

InBandungbackin,Ithink,1954,wasthefirstunitymeetingincenturiesofblackpeople.AndonceyoustudywhathappenedattheBandungconference,andtheresultsoftheBandungconference,itactuallyservesasamodelforthesameprocedureyouandIcanusetogetourproblemssolved.AtBandungallthenationscametogether.TheirweredarknationsfromAfricaandAsia.SomeofthemwereBuddhists.SomeofthemwereMuslim.SomeofthemwereChristians.SomeofthemwereConfucianists;somewereatheists.Despitetheirreligiousdifferences,theycametogether.Somewerecommunists;someweresocialists;somewerecapitalists.Despitetheireconomicandpoliticaldifferences,theycametogether.Allofthemwereblack,brown,red,oryellow.

Thenumber-onethingthatwasnotallowedtoattendtheBandungconferencewasthewhiteman.Hecouldn'tcome.Oncetheyexcludedthewhiteman,theyfoundthattheycouldgettogether.Oncetheykepthimout,everybodyelsefellrightinandfellinline.ThisisthethingthatyouandIhavetounderstand.Andthesepeoplewhocametogetherdidn'thavenuclearweapons;theydidn'thavejetplanes;theydidn'thavealloftheheavyarmamentsthatthewhitemanhas.Buttheyhadunity.

Theywereabletosubmergetheirlittlepettydifferencesandagreeononething:

ThatthoughoneAfricancamefromKenyaandwasbeingcolonizedbytheEnglishman,andanotherAfricancamefromtheCongoandwasbeingcolonizedbytheBelgian,andanotherAfricancamefromGuineaandwasbeingcolonizedbytheFrench,andanothercamefromAngolaandwasbeingcolonizedbythePortuguese.WhentheycametotheBandungconference,theylookedatthePortuguese,andattheFrenchman,andattheEnglishman,andattheother--Dutchman--andlearnedorrealizedthattheonethingthatallofthemhadincommon:

theywereallfromEurope,theywereallEuropeans,blond,blue-eyedandwhite-skinned.Theybegantorecognizewhotheirenemywas.ThesamemanthatwascolonizingourpeopleinKenyawascolonizingourpeopleintheCongo.ThesameoneintheCongowascolonizingourpeopleinSouthAfrica,andinSouthernRhodesia,andinBurma,andinIndia,andinAfghanistan,andinPakistan.Theyrealizedallovertheworldwherethedarkmanwasbeingoppressed,hewasbeingoppressedbythewhiteman;wherethedarkmanwasbeingexploited,hewasbeingexploitedbythewhiteman.Sotheygottogetherunderthisbasis--thattheyhadacommonenemy.

AndwhenyouandIhereinDetroitandinMichiganandinAmericawhohavebeenawakenedtodaylookaroundus,wetoorealizehereinAmericaweallhaveacommonenemy,whetherhe'sinGeorgiaorMichigan,whetherhe'sinCaliforniaorNewYork.He'sthesameman:

blueeyesandblondhairandpaleskin--sameman.Sowhatwehavetodoiswhattheydid.Theyagreedtostopquarrelingamongthemselves.Anylittlespatthattheyhad,they'dsettleitamongthemselves,gointoahuddle--don'tlettheenemyknowthatyougot[sic]adisagreement.

Insteadofusairingourdifferencesinpublic,wehavetorealizewe'reallthesamefamily.Andwhenyouhaveafamilysquabble,youdon'tgetoutonthesidewalk.Ifyoudo,everybodycallsyouuncouth,unrefined,uncivilized,savage.Ifyoudon'tmakeitathome,yousettleitathome;yougetinthecloset--argueitoutbehindcloseddoors.Andthenwhenyoucomeoutonthestreet,youposeacommonfront,aunitedfront.Andthisiswhatweneedtodointhecommunity,andinthecity,andinthestate.Weneedtostopairingourdifferencesinfrontofthewhiteman.Putthewhitemanoutofourmeetings,numberone,andthensitdownandtalkshopwitheachother.[That's]allyougottado.

IwouldliketomakeafewcommentsconcerningthedifferencebetweentheblackrevolutionandtheNegrorevolution.There'sadifference.Aretheyboththesame?

Andifthey'renot,whatisthedifference?

WhatisthedifferencebetweenablackrevolutionandaNegrorevolution?

First,whatisarevolution?

SometimesI'minclinedtobelievethatmanyofourpeopleareusingthisword"revolution"loosely,withouttakingcarefulconsideration[of]whatthiswordactuallymeans,andwhatitshistoriccharacteristicsare.Whenyoustudythehistoricnatureofrevolutions,themotiveofarevolution,theobjectiveofarevolution,andtheresultofarevolution,andthemethodsusedinarevolution,youmaychangewords.Youmaydeviseanotherprogram.Youmaychangeyourgoalandyoumaychangeyourmind.

LookattheAmericanRevolutionin1776.Thatrevolutionwasforwhat?

Forland.Whydidtheywantland?

Independence.Howwasitcarriedout?

Bloodshed.Numberone,itwasbasedonland,thebasisofindependence.Andtheonlywaytheycouldgetitwasbloodshed.TheFrenchRevolution--whatwasitbasedon?

Theland-lessagainstthelandlord.Whatwasitfor?

Land.Howdidtheygetit?

Bloodshed.Wasnolovelost;wasnocompromise;wasnonegotiation.I'mtellingyou,youdon'tknowwhatarevolutionis.'Causewhenyoufindoutwhatitis,you'llgetbackinthealley;you'llgetoutoftheway.TheRussianRevolution--whatwasitbasedon?

Land.Theland-lessagainstthelandlord.Howdidtheybringitabout?

Bloodshed.Youhaven'tgotarevolutionthatdoesn'tinvolvebloodshed.Andyou'reafraidtobleed.Isaid,you'reafraidtobleed.

[As]longasthewhitemansentyoutoKorea,youbled.HesentyoutoGermany,youbled.HesentyoutotheSouthPacifictofighttheJapanese,youbled.Youbleedforwhitepeople.Butwhenitcomestimetoseeingyourownchurchesbeingbombedandlittleblackgirlsbemurdered,youhaven'tgotnoblood.Youbleedwhenthewhitemansaysbleed;youbitewhenthewhitemansaysbite;andyoubarkwhenthewhitemansaysbark.Ihatetosaythisaboutus,butit'strue.HowareyougoingtobenonviolentinMississippi,asviolentasyouwereinKorea?

HowcanyoujustifybeingnonviolentinMississippiandAlabama,whenyourchurchesarebeingbombed,andyourlittlegirlsarebeingmurdered,andatthesametimeyou'regoingtoviolentwithHitler,andTojo,andsomebodyelsethatyoudon'tevenknow?

IfviolenceiswronginAmerica,violenceiswrongabroad.Ifit'swrongtobeviolentdefendingblackwomenandblackchildrenandblackbabiesandblackmen,thenit'swrongforAmericatodraftusandmakeusviolentabroadindefenseofher.AndifitisrightforAmericatodraftus,andteachushowtobeviolentindefenseofher,thenitisrightforyouandmetodowhateverisnecessarytodefendourownpeoplerighthereinthiscountry.

TheChineseRevolution--theywantedland.TheythrewtheBritishout,alongwiththeUncleTomChinese.Yeah,theydid.Theysetagoodexample.WhenIwasinprison,Ireadanarticle--don'tbeshockedwhenIsayIwasinprison.You'restillinprison.That'swhatAmericameans:

prison.WhenIwasinprison,IreadanarticleinLifemagazineshowingalittleChinesegirl,nineyearsold;herfatherwasonhishandsandkneesandshewaspullingthetrigger'causehewasanUncleTomChinaman,Whentheyhadtherevolutionoverthere,theytookawholegenerationofUncleToms--justwipedthemout.Andwithintenyearsthatlittlegirlbecome[sic]afull-grownwoman.NomoreTomsinChina.Andtodayit'soneofthetoughest,roughest,mostfearedc