课程设计论文1250热轧板带轧制规程设计资料.docx
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课程设计论文1250热轧板带轧制规程设计资料
学号200606040217
HEBEIPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITY
课程设计论文题目:
1250热轧板带轧制规程设计
学生姓名
专业班级06成型2班
学院冶金与能源学院
指导教师
2010年03月12日河北理工大学06级成型课程设计目录I目录1产品特点和轧制特点12原料及产品介绍23轧机的选择33.1轧机布置····························································································································33.2立辊选择····························································································································43.3粗轧机的选择····················································································································53.4精轧机的选择····················································································································54压下规程设计74.1压下规程设计····················································································································74.2道次选择确定····················································································································74.3粗轧机组压下量分配········································································································74.4精轧机组的压下量分配·····································································································84.5校核咬入能力····················································································································94.6确定速度制度····················································································································94.7轧制温度的确定··············································································································124.8轧制压力的计算··············································································································134.9辊缝计算··························································································································164.10精轧轧辊转速计算········································································································164.11传动力矩························································································································175轧辊强度校核与电机能力验算195.1轧辊的强度校核··············································································································195.1.1支撑辊弯曲强度校核······························································································195.1.2工作辊的扭转强度校核··························································································215.2电机的校核······················································································································225.2.1静负荷图·················································································································225.2.2主电动机的功率计算······························································································235.2.3等效力矩计算及电动机的校核··············································································235.2.4电动机功率的计算··································································································246板凸度和弯辊256.1板型比例凸度计算··········································································································256.2板型控制策略··················································································································266.3凸度控制模型··················································································································276.4影响辊缝形状的因素······································································································286.4.1轧辊挠度计算·········································································································286.4.2轧辊热膨胀对辊缝的影响······················································································296.4.3轧辊的磨损对辊缝的影响······················································································316.4.4原始辊型对辊缝的影响··························································································316.4.5入口板凸度对辊缝的影响······················································································326.5弯辊装置······························?
mmm河北理工大学06级成型课程设计目录II6.6CVC轧机的抽动量计算····································································································33参考文献································································································································36河北理工大学06级成型课程设计1产品特点和轧制特点11产品特点和轧制特点不同宽度的热带有不同的用途也需采用不同工艺技术。
热带300mm以下是窄
带多用来生产焊管。
300~600mm为中窄带常用来生产五金或焊接结构梁。
600~1000mm为中宽带薄带卷可以冷轧用于家电。
这些产品的轧机一般不安装昂贵
的液压压下、弯辊、板型控制设备只能依靠坯料加热温度控制轧制力调节板型。
1100~1500mm为宽带最宽为2000mm它们的轧机都安装液压压下、在线弯
辊、板型控制。
2000mm超宽热卷多是用于冷轧镀锌汽车板由于宽带质量优良国
外主张取消中窄带用超宽带进行纵剪分切得到不同宽度卷材提高成材率。
轧辊越窄板型凸度控制越容易且市场对于1m以下冷轧板材如家电板、家
具板或汽车辅助板有较大需求故按照设计任务书要求设计典型产品为1m板材
生产厚度精度高、板型优良、表面光洁度高的高档次多品种、宽范围多规格热轧带卷。
1250热带轧机适合轧制带宽为600~1000mm左右的板材。
本设计要求既可以生
产冷轧需要的2.2mm薄卷也可生产25mm结构用厚带。
连轧生产具有时间短、温降少、占地少、产量高的特点。
1926年自从美国第
一台带钢热连轧机投产以来连轧带钢得到很大的发展。
从手动调节到PID设定从
简单计算机控制到计算机系统多层分布式控制加上液压压下液压弯辊CVC辊
型控制等新技术的使用热连轧机的产量、精度、板型质量得到很大提高。
热轧带钢
生产线主要包括粗轧和精轧。
粗轧轧件短一般为可逆轧制精轧为6~7架连轧成
为1/2连轧或3/4连轧。
目前粗轧轧机控制能力越来越强中间坯凸度命中率大大
提高从粗轧就检测凸度和厚度为精轧提供优质中间坯料保证精轧稳定轧出符合
技术要求的带卷。
粗轧采用大压下可以减少道次提高中间坯温度。
近来坯料厚度
也恢复到原来220mm以上为多品种、高档次产品生产奠定基础。
课程设计是指定原料厚度的压下规程设计故热连轧压下规程设计任务包括辊
缝、轧辊转速、板凸度、轧辊加工凸度、弯辊力和辊型控制量CVC抽辊量的现
场轧机工作参数确定。
河北理工大学06级成型课程设计2原料及产品介绍22原料及产品介绍依据任务要求典型产品所用原料原料规格
板坯厚度250mm
钢种Q195
最大宽度1050mm
长度8.5m
产品规格
厚度2.6mm
板凸度0~6
坯料单重18吨
因为所给坯料宽度较小并且在粗轧机前部安装有大立辊所以侧压较为有效
可以少量控制成品宽度。
坯料选用250mm厚需要较多道次但对保证压缩比生产优质板材具有重要意
义生产普板时可以降低原料厚度以减少道次增加产量。
坯料长度限定8.5m加热炉内宽度9.2m有利于设计高温1350℃步进炉
以便为今后生产高牌号硅钢、低合金管线钢储留设备能力。
河北理工大学06级成型课程设计3轧机的选择33轧机的选择轧钢机是完成金属轧制变形的主要设备因此轧钢机能力选取的是否合理对车
间生产产量、品种和规格具有非常重要的影响。
选择轧钢设备原则
1有良好的综合技术经济指标
2轧机结构型式先进合理制造容易操作简单维修方便
3有利于实现机械化自动化有利于工人劳动条件的改善
4备品备件要换容易并有利于实现备品备件的标准化
5在满足产品方案的前提下使轧机组成合理布置紧凑
6保证获得质量良好的产品并考虑到生产新品种的可能。
热带轧机选择的主要依据是车间生产的钢材品种和规格。
轧钢机选择的主要内
容是选取轧机的架数、能力、结构以及布置方式。
最终确定轧钢机的结构形式及其
主要技术参数。
目前强力粗轧机已经达到单位宽度轧制力2.6t本设计1250轧机取轧制力最
大3200吨。
3.1轧机布置热带车间分粗轧和精轧两部分精轧机组大都是6~7架连轧但其粗轧机数量和
布置却不相同。
热带连轧机主要区分为全连续式3/4连续式和
单架粗轧1/2连续式
以及双粗轧1/2连续式等。
1全连续式
全连续式轧机的粗轧机由5~6个机架组成每架轧制一道全部为不可逆式。
这种轧制机产量可达500~600万吨/年产品种类多表面质量好。
粗轧全连轧布置
见图1（a）。
但设备多投资大轧制流程线或厂房长度增大。
而且由于粗轧时坯料短
轧机效率低连轧操作难度大效果并不很好所以一般不采用粗轧连轧设计。
23/4连续式
河北理工大学06级成型课程设计3轧机的选择4
图1各种热连轧及布置图
3/4连续式布置形式是先用二辊轧机轧一道然后设置1架可逆式轧机轧制3或5
道再由后面两架轧机连续轧制一道见图1b。
后面这两架作业率不高但
在老式粗轧轧机布局中它是保证中间坯尺寸和凸度的关键使精轧产品质量和轧制
过程稳定。
另外这种布置采用250mm厚坯轧制压缩比大晶粒多次破碎和再结晶长大
产品性能优良产品品种全面曾经是高档热带流行的布置。
3半连续式
半连续式轧机有两种形式图1（C）中粗轧机组由一架立辊可逆式二辊破鳞机架
和一架可逆式四辊轧机架组成一般使用坯料在150mm以下轧制5道次轧机能
力不很大检测内容很少对中间坯凸度、厚度控制难度大表面质量较差。
主要生
产普通热带卷。
高档品种开发难度大较厚产品也较少生产。
而且为保单卷重常常
设计坯料很长最高13米使加热炉过宽大大限制了加热温度。
这类轧机如果
使用230mm厚坯则轧制道次过多温降过大。
但这种布置如果粗轧机能力特别大
如太钢1549热连轧线辅以必要的检测设备也可达到道次少温降小中间坯温
度稳定的要求。
图2-1（d）中粗轧机是由两架强力四辊可逆式轧机组成这种布置轧机数量较少
轧机利用率高第二粗轧配置弯辊能够轧出厚度和凸度稳定的中间坯减少温降
故为当前流行方案。
根据任务书要求本设计采用2架强力四辊可逆轧机组成粗轧机组第一粗轧
机前安装大立辊轧机第二架粗轧安装小立辊。
3.2立辊选择立压可以齐边生产无切边带材、调节板坯宽度并提高除磷效果。
立压轧机
包括大立辊、小立辊及摆式压力机三种各自特点如下河北理工大学06级成型课程设计3轧机的选择5大立辊占地较多设备安装在地下造价高维护不方便。
而其能力较强用
来调节坯料宽度。
小立辊能力较小多用于边部齐边。
摆式侧压操作过程接近于锻造用于控制头尾形状局部变形提高成材率效
果较好。
缺点是设备地面设备占用场地较多造价较高。
本设计采用连铸坯调宽和大立辊侧压生产不同宽度带卷第二粗轧选择小立辊
齐边。
3.3粗轧机的选择过去粗轧为了增大工作辊辊径提高咬入能力第一粗轧多选择二辊轧机但
是二辊轧机挠度较大不能满足凸度控制要求。
现代四辊轧机其工作辊直径已大大
提高咬入已不再成为问题。
粗轧第二架安装液压平衡弯辊使轧辊挠度可控。
本设计两架粗轧机详细资料如下
参考太钢1549及港陆1250生产实际初步确定轧机各部件相关尺寸如下
轧机类型四辊可逆式轧机
工作辊:
第一粗轧轧辊直径1000mm
第二粗轧轧辊直径800mm
辊身长度1250mm
轧辊材料铸钢
支承辊:
轧辊直径1450mm
辊身长度1250mm
辊身材料合金锻钢
其中第一架采用电动压下大行程调节速度快。
第二架采用150mm长行程液
压缸且装配弯辊装置用于控制板凸度且要求粗轧都达到单位宽度2.5t两架轧
机能力为3200t。
第二架粗轧还有弯辊和CVC窜辊装置提高中间坯板形控制能力。
3.4精轧机的选择热轧带钢精轧机普遍采用长行程液压压下和板型控制。
长行程150mm液压缸可
以省去电动压下。
板型控制手段除弯辊外还有CVC轧机、HC轧机、PC轧机。
现
将各型轧机简要介绍如下
CVC轧机:
轧辊凸度连续可变的轧机——CVCcontinuouslyvariablecrown轧
机属于一种新型的四辊轧机。
这种方式大压下大张力时辊系稳定好国内外热连
轧市场占70%。
图2为CVC轧机的轧辊原理图轧辊整个外廓磨成S型瓶型曲线。
上下轧
辊互相错位180度布置形成一个对称的曲线辊缝轮廓。
这两根S型轧辊可以轴向移
动其移动方向一般是相反的。
由于轧辊具有对称S型曲线。
河北理工大学06级成型课程设计3轧机的选择6
图2CVC轧机的轧辊原理图
在轧辊未产生轴向移动时轧辊构成具有相同高度的辊缝其有效凸度等于零（a）
图。
上辊向右移动下辊向左移动的板材中心处两个轧辊轮廓线之间的辊缝变小这时
的有效凸度大于零（b）图。
如果在上辊向左移动、下辊向右移动时板材中心处两个轧
辊轮廓线之间的辊缝变大此时的有效凸度小于零（c）图。
CVC轧辊的作用与一般带
凸度的轧辊相同但其主要优点是凸度可以在最小和最大凸度之间进行无级调整这
是通过具有S型曲线的轧辊做轴向移动来实现的。
CVC轧辊辊缝调整范围也较大
与裹辊装置配合使用时如1700板轧机的辊缝调整量可达600左右。
由于工作辊具
有S型曲线工作辊与支撑辊之间是非均匀接触的。
实践表明这种非均匀接触对轧
辊磨损和接触盈余不会产生太大的影响。
HC轧机:
HC轧机为高性能板型控制轧机的简称。
当前用于日本生产的HC轧机
是在支持辊和工作辊之间加入中间辊并使之横向移动的六辊轧机其特点有a
HC轧机具有很好的板形控制性多用于小辊径冷轧bHC轧机可显著提高热带
钢的平直度c压下量由于不受板型限制而可适当提高。
PC轧机:
对辊交叉轧制技术PairCrossRoll。
PC轧机的工作原理是通过交
叉上下成对的工作辊和支撑辊的轴线形成上下工作辊间的抛物线辊缝。
PC轧机工作
辊为平辊身可以安装在线ORG但使用效果欠佳。
鞍钢1780、唐钢1810精轧采用
PC证明稳定性稍差。
所以本设计F1~F4采用当今主流轧制设备CVC轧机。
精轧机相关尺寸如下
轧机类型四辊轧机
工作辊F1~F5直径500mm支承辊轧辊直径800mm
F6~F7直径400mm辊身长度1250mm
辊身长度1250mm
精轧基本遵守比例凸度各道凸度相对于延伸率是确定值。
各道最佳凸度是由
轧辊原始凸度膨胀凸度弯辊凸度CVC挠曲凸度目标凸度根据来料凸度确定。
全部七架四辊精轧机纵向排列间距为6米F1~F7均有正弯辊系统F1~F7实
行了长行程液压厚度自动控制（AGC）技术使带钢误差控制得到全面保证。
轧线上装
设水雾冷却和除尘系统小车换辊技术强力可调层流冷却设备卷取厚度达到
25mm。
所有支撑辊采用常规静动压油膜轴承系统增大支撑辊辊颈。
河北理工大学06级成型课程设计4压下规程设计74压下规程设计4.1压下规程设计压下规程设计的主要任务就是要确定由一定的板坯轧成所要求的板、带产品的
变形制度亦即要确定所需采用的轧制方法、轧制道次及每道次压下量的大小在操
作上就是要确定各道次辊缝的位置即辊缝的开度和转速。
连轧还要涉及到各道次
的轧制速度、轧制温度及前后张力制度及道次压下量的合理选择因而广义地来说
压下规程的制定也应当包括这些内容。
通常在板、带生产中制定压下规程的方法和步骤为（a）在咬入条件允许的条件
下按经验配合道次压下量这包括直接分配各道次绝对压下量或压下率、确定各道
次压下量分配率及确定各道次能耗负荷分配比等（b）制定速度制度计
算轧制时间并确定逐道次轧制温度（c）计算轧制压力、轧制力矩（d）校验轧辊等部
件的强度和电机功率（e）按前述制定轧制规程的原则和要求进行必要的修正和改进。
（f）计算辊缝、轧辊弹跳、转速、轧辊凸度、原始辊型、弯辊力和辊形控制量。
4.2道次选择确定轧钢机机架数目的确定与很多因素有关主要有坯料的断面尺寸、生产的品
种范围、生产数量的大小、轧机布置的形式、投资的多少以及建厂条件等因素。
但在
其他条件即定的情况下主要考虑与轧机布置的形式有关。
本设计采用连续式布置
因此机架数目应不少于轧制道次即可确定
升级会员 