学术英语写作English-Academic-WritingPPT文档格式.ppt

学术英语写作English-Academic-WritingPPT文档格式.ppt

《学术英语写作English-Academic-WritingPPT文档格式.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《学术英语写作English-Academic-WritingPPT文档格式.ppt（106页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

,-Itisbasedonextensiveresearchofprovedfactsandauthoritativetestimony.first-handexperimentsfieldresearchlibraryresearch-Theauthorsvoicetendstobeobjectiveandneutral.unemotional-Thestyletendstobeformal.academicperiodicals,accurateinformation,-Appropriatediction.colloquialismsandslangexpressionsbeavoided,technicalterms,abbreviation-Syntacticallevel.longcomplexsentence,simple-presenttense,passivevoice,non-finiteverbs（participles,infinitives,gerunds）-Neatappearanceandformat.,1.3DifferencesbetweenthepaperspublishedinsideandoutsideChina,1.3.1PaperspublishedinChinaChineseandEnglishtitles,ChineseandEnglishabstract,ChineseandEnglishkeywords,Thebody,References,Appendix,Informationabouttheauthor,1.3.2PaperspublishedoutsideChinaTitle,Abstract,Introduction,Thebody,Conclusionsandrecommendations,Acknowledgement,References,Appendix,1.4ProceduresofAcademicWriting,Step1:

ChoiceofTopicChooseageneraltopicWritearoughproposalLimitthetopictoaplausibleoneStep2:

CollectionandEvaluationofDataCollectbooks,journalsandresearcharticlesEvaluatedatacollectedPhotocopydataPreparenoteandbibliographycards,Step3:

DevelopmentofOutlineDecideonorganizationofpaperArrangenotesbysubheadingsDeveloppaperoutlineStep4:

WritingStudyandfollowoutlineforfirstdraftMakeadjustmentsasneededStep5:

Revision,EditingandReferencesRevisecontentandorganizationAdjuststyleandtone,Correctdiction,spelling,grammar,punctuationasnecessaryDocumentallthesourcesquotedStep6:

PreparationofAbstractObserveabstractwordlimitEnsureaccuracy,brevityandclarityStep7:

PreparationofFinalDetailsAssembleallpartsMakefinalrevisionPrepareReferencessectionWriteacknowledgements,Chapter2ResearchingtheTopic,2.1PrinciplesofTitleSelection-ValuePrinciple-ScientificPrinciple-InnovativePrinciple-FeasibilityPrinciple2.2MethodsforChoosingaTitle-Consultyourprofessororanexpert-Participateinacademicconferencesandacademiclectures,-Selectfrompuzzlingproblems-Readbooksandnewspapers-Choosefromyourowninterests-Literaturereview2.3WaystoNarrowDownTitlesExample:

LiteratureLiteraryCriticismLiteraryCriticismatCambridgeTheTraditionandDevelopmentofLiteraryCriticismatCambridge,Exercise:

Humanities,2.4FormatsforTitleExamples:

1）OSCILLATIONSINGRANULARDYNAMICS2）StructuralAnalysesBasedonaPointChargeModel3）Fastatombombardmentmassspectraofnebramycinwithin15words4）CoronaryArteryDisease:

DietandpatientHealth,2.5TablesandFigures,2.5.1Tables-Atableshouldbeself-contained.-Atableisusuallyplacedinapositionnearitsrelevantdescription.-Provideeachtablewithanumber（eg:

Table1,Table2,etc.）andatitle.-Thetitleshouldbeclear,concise,completeandaccurate.-Sometimesanoteisaddedatthebottomofthetable.,Example:

Table2-6Correlationbetweenvariables,*Note:

.,2.5.2Figures,2.5.2.1Graphs-canbeusedtocomparetwovariables2.5.2.2DrawingsandPhotographs-toillustrateorganisms,experimentalapparatus,modelsofstructures,etc.2.5.2.3TypesoffiguresLinechartsBarcharts3）Piecharts,2.6CauseandEffect,2.6.1Cause-EffectParagraphDevelopmentPattern:

Effect1CauseEffect2Effect32.6.2Effect-CauseParagraph,DevelopmentPattern:

Cause1EffectCause2Cause3,Exercise1:

Analyzethestructureofthisparagraphandtrytodeterminetheeffectanditscauses.Thenfindthelinkingwordsintheparagraph.,Theroleofwomenintodayssocietyischanging.Onereasonisthatwomenhavebeguntoassertthemselvesasindependentpeoplethroughthewomensmovement.Also,womenareawareofthealternativestostayingathome.Anotherreasonisthatincreasingnumbersofwomenwhoenternewfieldsandinterestsserveasrolemodelsforotherwomen.Moreover,menarebecomingmoreconsciousoftheabilitiesofwomenandhavebeguntoviewtheirindependencepositively.,Exercise2:

Combinethefollowingtwosentencesexpressingthecause-and-effectrelationship.,Heescapedfromhisorphanage.Hewasdistressedbythebrutalconditionsthere.2）HehadaroughlifeinMoscow.Hehadnofamilytoturnto.3）Hewasnoteasilytobecaptured.Hehadlearnednottotrustadults.,Chapter3DataCollectionandEvaluation,3.1PrinciplesofDataCollectionandselection3.1.1Centeredaroundthetheme3.1.2Trueandverifiable（可证实的）3.1.3Typical3.1.4Novel,3.2DevelopinganOutline,3.2.1TwoMainComponentsforEffectiveOutlines3.2.1.1ParallelismExample:

ChooseDesiredCollegesPrepareApplicationCompileResume3.2.1.2Subordination,Example:

DescribeaninfluentialpersoninyourlifeA.FavoritehighschoolteacherB.Grandparent,3.3TypesofOutlines,3.3.1Alphanumeric（由字母数字组成的）Outlines-RomanNumerals-CapitalizedLetters-ArabicNumerals-SmallLetters-ArabicNumeralswithinBrackets-SmallLetterswithinBrackets,Example:

TheCollegeApplicationProcessI.ChooseDesiredCollegesA.VisitandevaluatecollegecampusesB.Visitandevaluatecollegewebsites1.lookforinterestingclasses2.Noteimportantstatisticsa.Student/facultyratiob.RetentionrateII.PrepareApplicationA.WritePersonalStatement1.Chooseinterestingtopic,a.Describeaninfluentialpersoninyourlife

（1）Favoritehighschoolteacher

（2）Grandparent2.Includeimportantpersonaldetailsa.Volunteerworkb.ParticipationinvarsitysportsB.RevisepersonalstatementIII.CompileresumeA.ListrelevantcourseworkB.ListworkexperienceC.listvolunteerexperience1.tutoratforeignlanguagesummercamp2.counselorforsuicidepreventionhotline,3.3.2FullSentenceOutlines,Example:

I.Man-madepollutionistheprimarycauseofglobalwarming.A.Greenhousegasemissionsarewidelyidentifiedasharmfulbythescientificcommunity.1.Theburningofcoalandfossilfuelsaretheprimaryreleasersofhazardousgreenhousegases.,3.3.3Decimal（十进位的；

小数的）Outlines,Example:

ChooseDesiredCollege1.1Visitandevaluatecollegecampuses1.2Visitandevaluatecollegewebsites1.2.1Lookforinterestingclasses1.2.2Noteimportantstatistics,Exercise:

Supposeyouhavechosenatopicandfoundenoughdatatowriteyourpaper,nowwriteanoutlineforyourpaper.,3.4ComparisonandContrast,TwoWaysforOrganizingComparisonandContrast-Subject-by-subject-Point-by-point,Example:

SubjectsPointsofC&

C1.Prof.Simmonsa.classroominstructionb.homeworkc.examd.grading2.Prof.Wua.classroominstructionb.homeworkc.examd.grading,PointsofC&

CSubjectsa.classroominstruction1.Prof.Simmons2.Prof.Wub.homework1.Prof.Simmons2.Prof.Wuc.exam1.Prof.Simmons2.Prof.Wud.grading1.Prof.Simmons2.Prof.Wu,Exercise:

-Prosandconsofglobalization-Positiveandnegativeaspectsoflivinginalargecity,Chapter4WritingStyle,4.1Citation4.1.1In-TextCitation4.1.1.1OneauthorEnzymesareinhibitedbycyanide（Grubb,1977）.Becauseenzymesareinhibitedbycyanide（Grubb1977）,Iexpecttofind

（2）Grubb（1977）foundthatcyanideinhibitsenzymes.BecauseGrubb（1977）foundthatcyanideinhibitsenzymes,（3）Asearlyas1977,Grubbobservedtheinhibitoryeffectofcyanideonenzymeaction.4.1.1.2Morethanonestudy

（1）Cyanidehasbeenfoundtoinhibitenzymeaction（Grubb,1977;

Smith,1980;

Taylor,1983）4.1.1.3Morethanthreeauthors

（1）Cyanidehasbeenfoundtoinhibitenzymeaction（Grubbetal.,1985）.4.4.1.4Somejournalsjustcitethesequenceofthereferencesinthetextinordertosavespace.,

（1）Vibrationisusedtoprepareuniformgranularmixturesortosegregategranularcomposites3,7,12,16,19.Alongsidemixingandsegregationofgranularmaterials4.2References4.2.1APA（AmericanPsychologicalAssociation）style:

socialsciencesPrintSources:

-Bookbyoneauthor:

#Sheril,R.D.（1956）.Theterrifyingfuture:

contemplatingcolortelevision.SanDiego:

Halstead.,-Bookbytwoauthorsormore:

#Rubin,J.,&

Thompson,I.（1994）.Howtobeamoresuccessfullanguageteacher.2nded.Boston:

Heinle&

Heinle.-Articleinajournal:

#Crackton,P.（1987）.TheLoonie:

Godslong-awaitedgifttocolorfulpocketchange?

CanadianChange,64（7）,34-37.Electronicsources:

-Articleinanonlinejournal:

#Blofeld,E.S.（1994,March1）.ExpressingoneselfthroughPersiancatsandmodernarchitecture.Felines&

Felons,4,Article0046g.RetrievedOctober3,1999,fromhttp:

/journals.f+f.org/spectre/vblofeld-0046g.html-BookonCD:

#Nix,G.（2002）.Lirael,DaughteroftheClayr【CD】.NewYork:

RandomHouse/Listeninglibrary.,-Movie:

#Gilby,A.（Producer）,&

Schlesinger,J.（Director）.（1995）.Coldcomfortfarm【Motionpicture】.Universalcity,CA:

MCAUniversalHomeVideo.4.2.2MLA（ModernLanguageAssociation）style:

liberalartsandhumanitiesPrintSources:

#Bambrough,Renford.ThePhilosophyofAristotle.NewYork:

TheNewAmericanLibrary,1963.,-Bookbytwoorthreeauthors:

#Atwan,Robert,donaldMcquade,andJohnWright.Edsels,Luckies,andFrifidaires:

AdvertisingtheAmericanWay.NewYork:

Dell,1979.-Bookbyfourormoreauthors:

#Belenky,MaryField,etal.WomensWaysofKnowing:

theDevelopmentofSelf,Voice,andMind.NewYork:

Basic,1986.-Articleinajournal:

#Maguire,JamesH.“TheCanonandtheDiminishedThing.”AmericanLiterature60（1988）:

645-52.,Electronicsource